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PSYCHOLOGY OF JOURNALISM: COMBINATION OF THEORY
AND PRACTICE
Sitora Yo'lchieva
Student of the Uzbek University of Journalism and mass communications
ABSTRACT
This article covers the study of individual and group media effects and core components of media culture, identifying psychological patterns of human attitude and behavior in multicultural media environment; a research into psychological phenomena and mechanisms of perception of media texts. Psychological manipulations in the media have actually no limits, but the irrational actions can be limited to an ethical, moral or legal framework. The impact of journalism becomes stronger and stronger, when we talk about the search and optimization of knowledge on the psychological abilities of a person. This knowledge is provided by media psychology, which was influenced and developed by the disciplines of political science, sociology, psychology as applied to communicative processes. Additionally,it refers to Journalism Psychology which is the responsibility of the media and the psychological function, the issues of the psychological impact of the link on the public and social responsibilities in the field of journalism, the responsibility of the journalist and the psychological demands arising from the obligation, as well as the journalist illuminates the theoretical perspective on concepts related to culture.It is intended for giving broad information in terms of theory and practice combination in journalism.
Keywords: phenomena, communication network, brand journalism, digitalization, data journalism, manual role, Media Psychology, Mass Media, Media Effects
Эта статья посвящена изучению индивидуальных и групповых медиа-эффектов и основных компонентов медиакультуры, выявлению психологических паттернов человеческого отношения и поведения в мультикультурной медиа-среде; исследование психологических явлений и механизмов восприятия медиатекстов. Психологические манипуляции в СМИ фактически не имеют границ, но иррациональные действия могут быть ограничены этическими, моральными или правовыми рамками. Влияние журналистики становится все сильнее, когда мы говорим о поиске и
АННОТАЦИЯ
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, R VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 7
educational, natural and social sciences ( ) ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2021: 5.423
оптимизации знаний о психологических способностях человека. Эти знания предоставляет психология СМИ, на которую повлияли и развивались дисциплины политологии, социологии, психологии в применении к коммуникативным процессам. Кроме того, это относится к психологии журналистики, которая является ответственностью СМИ и психологической функцией, к вопросам психологического воздействия связи на общественность и социальной ответственности в области журналистики, ответственности журналиста и возникающих психологических требований. от обязанности, а также журналист освещает теоретический взгляд на концепции, связанные с культурой. Он предназначен для предоставления широкой информации с точки зрения сочетания теории и практики в журналистике.
Ключевые слова: феномены, коммуникационная сеть, бренд-журналистика, дигитализация, журналистика данных, ручная роль, медиапсихология, СМИ, медиаэффекты.
I.Introduction
This article deals with the merger of the two fields of knowledge - psychology and journalism. The aim of the study is to develop a scientific approach to the formation of the dialogic model of interaction between the media and the audience. The research is based on a study of scientific discussions about a new direction in the theory of mass communication, as well as on the analysis of the practice of the media in Russia and other countries of the world. The authors refer to such paradigms as behaviorism, cognition, psychoanalysis, gestalt psychology, humanistic psychology etc. This article uses the axiological approach to the study of activities in the field of media. The authors try conceptualize the results of researches in the field of mass communication. They identify media psychology as a new, promising area of communication theory. The subject of media psychology is the study of human behavior under the influence of the media, as well as individual and group effects of the media.
Media psychology (according to E. Pronin) offers opportunities of parallel research into higher mental functions of a human and the psychological processes of modern mass communication, objectified in the latest information technologies, text structures, images and patterns of journalism.
Theories of journalism rest on many postulates of social psychology and personality psychology: they concern understanding of a personality, formation of targets and norms, values, leadership problems, conformism, identification and other
less general problems such as psychology of feelings and mass moods. "Behavioral
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sciences" are designed as the search of mechanisms regulating behavior of people taking part in communication, have considerably broadened the base for the study of the mass media.
The conception of "Psychology of Journalism" is the reflection of social problems in society in the media to inform the public about its peculiarities the psychological state and situation that occurs in the process, the media and the psychology of interactions between different social groups explores aspects. Therefore, this study activities for students in the media is the manual the role of the jumalist as a person in society, a professional changes in the course of activity of the skill, essence and inner world, processes of improvement, informing the public of the jumalist provide detailed information about the psychology of journalism and the course "Journalism Psychology" is mass communication participants who interact in different processes groups, communication networks, communicators, and audiences includes a wide range of concepts and knowledge. This is the knowledge acquired during the course is widely disseminated understanding of the specifics of communication and is a communicative process along with generalization of imagination both to understand correctly and to acquire certain skills helps. After all, jumalist is interpersonal in social life proficient in studying the factors of relationship interactions acts as a communicator. This factor is in practice with training. Teaching the basics is the key to teaching this course is one of the goals. In journalism people should be mentally strong as they are required to learn the following features, such as
-being able to work in various processes of mass communication,using psychological approach and public relations study;
- The syncretic nature of the jurnalist profession (to other areas dependence), the multifaceted nature of jumalist activity, jurnalist psychological on the responsibility and obligation to deliver information know the requirements and specifics of the profession;
- Media specialist as the main psychological obligations of the jumalist to the field be able to imagine;
- Socio-psychological aspects of the profession: the person is a creator, the psychology of the person: temperament, temperament, mood; specificity of mental process: memory, attention, that such qualities as observation should be decided in professional activities;
- as a facilitator of the conversation during the conversation tasks, the psychological of communicating with the audience requirements, public relations and
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duality be able to understand the psychological differences of communication with information understand the importance of performance;
- The psychological image of the modern jurnalist, in relation to him different approaches; ensuring the social weight of the conversation, understand the specifics of the psychology of jurnalistics in determining the relevance and scope of the topic;
- Jurnalist emergency observer or participant as a source of information and communication adherence to safety rules, psychological in the information environment should know what the security measures are.
II. Materials
Psychology is a person's psyche, character, mood, society learns the laws of relativity. That's the point from the point of view of the human phenomenon studied by the psychology ofjumalistics is the main object.
Although it is an individual creative field, like other ajran professions, is not limited to the narrow direction of science. So far, other Unlike professions, Jurnalism is rich in anthropology is a complex form of public activity. The first thing to study and apply in Jumalistics. The object, the main source of information, as well as the consumer, both the customer and the controller are human. To a particular community It is better to address the human nature and public opinion than to study the specific problem. In today's very complex, controversial environment, in the process of globalization. The study of human phenomena is relevant in the field of jumalistics functions. Because the modern man is the globalization of information intensified, mobile networks are developing at an unprecedented rate lives in a complex communicative environment. Mass communication processes affect not only a person's lifestyle is also changing the world. This is Jurnalists communicate with contemporaries, understanding change frequent reference to psychological knowledge to help access they are doing.
Therefore, it should be noted that the main task of the psychology of Jouralism is to address the socio-psychological problems in society, specific interpretations in the media, related to the process of providing information factors, on the relationship of the media with different social groups is the study of psychological characteristics. The process is as follows looks like:
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Mass Media
Society
III. Methods
Journalism is a multifaceted activity that affects everyone in society covers areas. But at the same time, it's unique feature, directly with the uniqueness of each jurnalist. In that sense, it is possible that no one is rich not born, but gradually, aw al small in the process of activity writes messages, plates. Topics as the pencil sharpens expands the content deepens. Now it's just a message not only to give, but also on topics of interest to him on the same page, as well as begin to write on topics of interest to the audience. Based on the public interest in the current context, period. The delivery of information in accordance with the requirements of direct jurnalistics specialization is taking place.
In the process of receiving, processing and transmitting Jurnalist information: first, by looking at the person 's pity under the influence of circumstances and inner thoughts monitors change; and second, that it is interesting to the reader finding an unexpected event and embodying it in real human activity in life makes the hero of the jurnalistic asama; third, the person pleasant and unpleasant (such as fear, phobia, panic) identifies the causes of your feelings, and so on. in other words, a fundamental new rule of modern jumalistics the essence of standing is to affirm one's connection with man.
Journalism is a social phenomenon and important in the life of society interacting with information that plays a role, so to speak is a means of showing, directing, controlling. The main task is to paint the citizens of the country and abroad regular updates on events.By the nature of journalism, the koiam i is broad, whole is a unique field that encompasses human life. That's the way it is puts a lot of pressure on the field of journalism. Jumalistics is different to study a branch of science, such as a field can't set a goal. A different aspect from other professions and in its breadth and complexity. In that sense Journalism is also called the "science of anthropology." Any man, he whether a famous artist, a statesman, or an ordinary housewife, or even
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a cleaner can become the protagonist of a Jurnalist work. At the same time, only knowledge, experienced acks a broad outlook, as well as socio-humanitarian mastery of knowledge, sharp pen, quick with people and good communication skills are also required. Jurnalist is high as a master of spiritual and psychological culture to act as if it were a pamphlet, without throwing oneself into the fire, without being distracted by various misunderstandings,he has to show his potential and talent.
III.Methods
Thus, media psychology is considered as a new field of psychology and a new branch of the theory of journalism and mass communication, developing as a science and studying social practices and information technologies in several directions. Let us outline the main ones.
1. Psychological laws of processes of functioning of the mass media in multicultural media environments: Here we study the environment, character, forms, and results of psychological influence of a media environment and media texts on a society, formation of views, reactions of the audience, behavioral strategies, psycho-social adaptation and psychological health of an individual.
More and more often media psychology focuses on the study of the results of change of psychic conditions and features of an audience, transformation of adjustments under the influence of the media. Scientists study problems of dependence of psychic processing of messages on the peculiarities of mass communication on the whole, and means in particular, on organization of information traffic, on specifics of interests of these or those groups of the audience, on psychic barriers of perception, on attention, understanding and memorizing (Oleshko, 2006). Specialists also study mass effects under the influence of mass media on the audience, mechanisms of escalation of social aggression, national conflicts, extremism, terror and fanaticism.
2. Interaction of subjects and objects in the process of media communication. Modern psychological technologies of organization of a dialog with a media audience, relevant to the new media reality.
Media psychologists focus their activities on the study of peculiarities of people participating in communication, mechanisms and methods of influence on formation of preferences and expectations of the audience. Findings of media psychology are used in organization of technologies of operational communications with the audience, technologies of game realization in journalism, building of social and psychological 'media - audience' models, manifesting themselves within a dialogue. Research often concentrates on the study of a
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situation of interpretation of information, perception of journalistic materials depending on the channel of mass communication, singling out psychological barriers of perception and description of mechanisms of identification during communication.
IV. Results
The development of any industry depends on qualified personnel. In today's globalized world, where access to fast and accurate information is crucial, the role of leading experts in journalism and mass media is growing.
It should be noted that the purpose and content of today's journalism education is very different from 8-10 years ago, and even 3-4 years ago. It is no coincidence that in recent years, new terms such as "internet journalism", "online journalism", "data journalism", "travel journalism", "brand journalism", "digitalization", "convergence" have entered our terminology. Each of them has a special meaning due to its appearance, place, significance and uniqueness.
So, how are qualified specialists being trained in our country, which is being renewed day by day? To what extent does the education system meet the requirements of the time and the principles of modern journalism?
It should be noted that in recent years, our faculty pays special attention to the training of high-level staff through internships. As for theoretical knowledge, there is also the fact that the theory of journalism lags behind practice. The theory is that what we do now is not enough, or that someone else will solve our problem from outside. In this sense, we are trying to introduce modern standards in the system of training journalists. Our main goal is to train professional journalists, to bring the theoretical knowledge of students to a level that meets today's requirements, to constantly strengthen them with practice. Only then, when the young specialist receives his diploma, he will definitely find his way.
VI. Conclusion
Today, many people are aware that the work of young "creators" who do not have enough knowledge and skills in the field, is reflected in social networks. This, in turn, raises the issue of continuous improvement of not only the knowledge but also the practical experience of young professionals. In this regard, it can be said that the faculty is learning from foreign experience. In particular, previously tested ways of developing students' writing, broadcasting, and Internet skills during internships are being put into practice. In other words, in the first half of the day, the student is engaged in the acquisition of theoretical knowledge at the faculty, and in the second half of the day he goes to the editorial offices of attached newspapers, magazines,
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publishing houses, radio and television. Mass communication has a psychological nature. This explains the rapid development of the science of human behavior under the influence of mass media.
Media psychology is developing under the influence of the doctrine of political scienc e, sociology, psychology, which explains the communication processes.
Subject of media psychology includes:
• a description of the behavior of the individuals under the influence of the media
• study of individual and group media effects
• identify relationships and psychological patterns of human behavior in multicultural media space
• study of psychological phenomena and mechanisms of perception of media
texts.
Media education, meant to prepare the new generation for life in modern information conditions, is a promising field of media psychology. The main task is to teach a person to adequately comprehend various information, to understand and to realize consequences of its effects on the psyche, to understand manipulative technologies and to confront 'screen violence.' Contemporary psychological culture is not just an obligatory element of the common culture, but also a necessary condition for security in social interaction and various interpersonal communication situations (Vinogradova & Melnik, 2012).
REFERENCES.
Recommended literature list:
1. Andreeva A.A. Psychological journalism. Uchebno-metodicheskiy kompleks dlya spetsialnosti «Jurnalistika». Tyumen. Izdatelstvo Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, 2007.
2. Ahmedova M. Jumalistics and psychology. - Tashkent; Sharq, 2010.
3. Bogomolova I. Social Psychology Press, Radio I television. -Moscow, 1992.
4. Old psychological dictionary. Sost. Meshcheryakov B., Zinchenko V. Moscow, Olma-press. 2004.
5. Psychology of management. 0 'chase set. Tashkent: Yunaks-Print, 2006.
