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0PROVERBS AND THEIR GENERAL AND UNIVERSAL CHARACTER WERE STUDIED AND ANALYZED
1Yunusova Zaytuna, 2Gulnara Niyazova
1Student of the Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature
Scientific supervisor https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11098180
Abstract. The article examines the universal and national nature of proverbs, which are examples of folk art, and general similarities of proverbs belonging to different nations.
Keywords: proverb, phrase, nation, genre, artistry.
Proverbs are short, concise statements that convey a nugget of wisdom or a universally recognized truth about life. They have been used by cultures around the world for centuries as a means of communicating values, morals, and practical advice. Proverbs often draw upon common human experiences and observations to offer guidance and insight into various aspects of life. The study and analysis of proverbs involve examining their structure, meaning, and cultural significance. Scholars and researchers have explored the origins of proverbs, their linguistic characteristics, and their role in different societies. By examining proverbs from different cultures, it is possible to identify the shared themes and values that underpin human existence.
One of the fascinating aspects of proverbs is their general and universal character. While proverbs may have originated within specific cultural contexts, many of them contain wisdom that transcends cultural boundaries. They often express fundamental truths about human nature, relationships, morality, and the challenges of life. The general and universal character of proverbs allows them to resonate with people from different cultural backgrounds. They provide a common ground for understanding and reflection, offering timeless wisdom that can be applied to various situations and contexts. Proverbs serve as a repository of collective human wisdom, reflecting the experiences and observations of countless generations. Analyzing proverbs involves examining their language, metaphors, and underlying messages. It requires an understanding of the cultural context in which they were created and the values they seek to impart. By studying proverbs, we can gain insights into the shared human experiences, values, and aspirations that connect us across time and space.
In conclusion, proverbs possess a general and universal character that makes them a rich subject of study and analysis. They offer condensed wisdom and insights into the human condition, transcending cultural boundaries and providing valuable guidance for navigating life's challenges. By exploring proverbs, we can deepen our understanding of different cultures and discover the common threads that unite us as human beings.
The proverb is one of the most common types of folk art and is present in almost all languages. Proverbs are considered the cultural wealth of the people to which they belong, and are a powerful tool that expresses the history, traditions, socio-political, cultural and everyday views of this people in a simple, concise and figurative form. The proverb comes from the Arabic word "qovalla" and means "to speak", "to speak". Typically, proverbs are used to express a certain thought effectively and concisely. In the history of the Uzbek language, Mahmud Kashgari was the first to identify proverbs as a separate genre in his work "Devonu Lugati Turk" and in this work we can find about 400 proverbs and proverbs. In addition, Gulkhani's work "Zarbulmasal"
consists of proverbs. In the works of Yassaviy, Navoi, Yusuf Khos Hajib, Rabguzi, Navoi, Zakhiriddin Muhammad Babur, Gafur Gulam and other writers, we can observe the effective use of proverbs to enhance the artistry and enrich the work.
A proverb belonging to every nation expresses in its own way the views, confidence, sadness and joy of that people. There are some universal themes and values that are dear and important to all people and society. For example: friendship, Motherland, mother, righteousness. Proverbs of different nations on this topic are similar in meaning, because, as we have already mentioned, these concepts are valuable for all nations. For example, take the following proverb in Uzbek:
Be a king in your country until you become a king in another country. There is a proverb in English with the same meaning.
A house in the east or west is best. (Your home is better than anywhere else on earth) This proverb can easily be used in translation instead of the above Uzbek proverb. Because the meaning of these two proverbs is almost the same.
Or let's take proverbs about a friend. There is a proverb in the Uzbek language: "A friend is tested at a dead end." In English the following proverb can be found with the same meaning: "A friend in need is a friend indeed." As you can see, there is no big difference in the values. In our Uzbek language there is a saying "A stupid friend is worse than an enemy," which is very close in meaning to the English saying "False friends are worse than open enemies."
The next universal value that is valued in all nations is honesty. There is no nation in the world that does not value honesty. Honesty is glorified in the oral works of almost all nations. In English folklore you can find many proverbs about honesty. For example: "Honestpeople are not afraid of either light or darkness." There are many similar proverbs in the Uzbek language. For example: "He who speaks the truth is invincible, " "Tell the truth, even if a sword flies to your head."
Proverbs are a mirror reflecting the history, socio-political, cultural and spiritual views, hopes and dreams of every people, and are created on the basis of experience accumulated over the years. There are some proverbs that are unique to this people, and representatives of other peoples do not understand them directly. On the contrary, most proverbs embody universal and national values common to all peoples and societies. Although the themes of some English and Uzbek proverbs are similar, they differ in that the images in them are not repeated. It is these images that give proverbs their national flavor.
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