CC BY
3УДК 34.09 Solopova A. V., Solopova M. V.
Solopova A.V.
Moscow Witte University (Moscow, Russia)
Solopova M.V.
Moscow Witte University (Moscow, Russia)
PROSPECTS OF E-GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ON THE INTERNET THROUGH BLOCKCHAIN IMPLEMENTATION
Аннотация: study provides a comprehensive assessment of the prospects for the implementation of blockchain module, covering the issues of interoperability of electronic resources of state importance, protection and security of personal data in a unified Internet environment and its compliance with constitutional and legal norms in the Russian Federation. The crucial role of public administration in ensuring compliance with the regulatory and legal aspects of personal data protection within the blockchain paradigm is emphasized.
Ключевые слова: blockchain, e-government, personal data, development prospects, Internet, legislation.
Currently, the benefits of e-government are becoming more and more evident. Electronic government (e-Government) makes it possible to eliminate bureaucratic delays due to the introduction of electronic document flow, reduce corruption risks, lower administrative barriers and increase the accessibility of obtaining state and municipal services [7]. It also increases citizen participation and faith in government [6]. Thus, it is not surprising that developing countries are seeking to actively implement e-government, while developed countries are actively improving it.
E-government applies information technology techniques to provide public services, information sharing, communication operations and integration between different government sectors. E-government includes various forms of contact, including those containing personal sensitive data, that take place between government and various stakeholders such as people, businesses, government agencies.
In conditions of active development of e-state, active exchange of personal data (confidential information), cybercrimes, theft of confidential information represent a significant threat. In this regard, the issue of sufficiently strict legal regulation in the field of personal data protection becomes acute.
Now, Russia has an extensive legal framework in the field of personal data protection, the main regulatory act governing the security of personal data on the Internet is the Federal Law "On Personal Data" [4]. However, the threat of confidential information leakage remains one of the main problems in the legal field every year.
The public sector is a complex and inert mechanism, while remaining a centralized system. The efficiency of public administration depends on the development and perfect protection of personal data in its system. The implementation of blockchain is a transition to a different organizational, infrastructural, and social level. Blockchain in legal science is a decentralized data storage system that allows information to be recorded in such a way that it cannot be altered or tampered with. It is based on digital signatures and distributed registries.
The most important advantage of blockchain over standard databases for e-government is the maximum protection of information against falsification, since personal data recorded in blockchain public registries cannot be altered. However, "maximum data protection" in this case implies that the role of public administration in enforcing the legal and regulatory aspects of personal data protection within the blockchain paradigm is fundamental. Since there is no single owner or governing body in the blockchain system, parallel control over all agencies, departments, and other public bodies, as in the classical governance model, rests with the state.
The second most important advantage of blockchain platforms for building e-government is the possibility of using the mechanism of smart contracts ("smart
contracts", which are executed automatically when all the conditions of each party are met [1]) to automate data operations [2]. If data are stored in the blockchain, excluding the possibility of their unauthorized change, while ensuring the unambiguous execution of the contract algorithm (at any moment in time, at any node of the blockchain network), they, like records in registers, can be given legal significance.
It is hard to ignore the fact that blockchain can unite all domestic electronic resources into one vast system with a single registry of data accessed by unique keys. Blockchain can synchronize information between all participants in the state turnover, and confidential information (personal data), which constitutes a trade secret, is transmitted through the blockchain platform through encrypted channels - and data not intended for certain government agencies does not get to them.
Thus, the use of blockchain can take the very idea of e-government to a new
level.
Currently, Russia is gradually trying to implement blockchain principles. Blockchain technology in the Federal Tax Service is a real example of digital transformation through distributed registers in a government agency [3]. The project started in April 2020, at the very beginning of the pandemic. SMEs around the world began to experience problems due to blockchain, and the Russian government instructed the Federal Tax Service to implement a program to support SMEs by providing interest-frand preferential loans to companies affected by the pandemic.
The creation of trusted electronic voting systems is also one of the current options for using blockchain. In Russia, two blockchain-based voting systems exist in parallel: one was created in Moscow by the Department of Information Technologies, and the other is being developed by Waves Enterprise together with RTKM for the Central Election Commission. This is a federal system: in 2021 it was used for voting in 6 regions of the Russian Federation. Among them are the Nizhny Novgorod, Murmansk, Yaroslavl and Kursk regions [5].
A machine-readable power of attorney is a form of power of attorney in electronic form that certifies the authority to perform certain actions by an employon behalf of a legal entity in various organizations and institutions [3]. This project helps
to reduce paperwork by making all powers of attorney up-to-date and immediately available to all authorities connected to the blockchain platform, as well as any changes made to them. If a power of attorney is amended or revoked, authorities receive this information in a timely manner, without outside influence in the form of a written notice, which significantly reduces or negates instances of information misuse and/or falsification.
However, with the undeniable advantages of using blockchain, Russia's Unified Portal of State and Municipal Services still operates on a different principle. This is due to the fact that the public administration system must be stable, extremely static, and any implementation must prove its effectiveness, blockchain solutions must be able to scale and fit the load, for the large territory of Russia, the blockchain system as it exists now is extremely inefficient. Undoubtedly, this is one of the most promising ways to develop e-government and personal data protection, but, unfortunately, it is not possible in Russia at the moment.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Alaba F.A. et al. Smart Contracts Security Application and Challenges: A Review // Cloud Computing and Data Science. - 2024. - С. 15-41;
2. Blockchain vs. bureaucracy: e-government based on distributed ledger technology URL: https://w.forbes.ru;
3. Dyatlov S.A., Lobanov O.S. Blockchain technology as a digital platform for the development of e-government institutions // Innovations. 2018. №9 (239). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/tehnologiya-blokcheyn-kak-tsifrovaya-platforma-dlya-razvitiya-institutov-elektronnogo-pravitelstva;
4. Federal Law «On Personal Data» // Consultant Plus. URL: http://w. consultant.ru;
5. Gharaibeh Z. I. Y et al. Examining Challenges and Prospects Associated with Implementing Legal Protections for Electronic Governances: A Generic Perspective from Developing Country // BBR. Brazilian Business Review. - 2024. - Т. 21;
6. Mustafa G. et al. Blockchain-based governance models in e-government: a comprehensive framework for legal, technical, ethical and security considerations // International Journal of Law and Management. - 2024;
7. Portal of public services of the Russian Federation [Electronic resource] URL: https://w. gosuslugi.ru
