CC BY
5
UDC 18.00.01
Khaitova L.B.
Samarkand state architecture-building institute
PROSPECTS FOR REGENERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURAL ENSEMBLES IN THE HISTORICAL PART OF THE
CITY OF SAMARKAND
Annotation: This article discusses the regeneration of architecture in Samarkand
Keywords: Building, regeneration, Samarkand, architecture, history, restoration
Speaking about the protection of historic cities, first of all, we need to pay attention to the restoration of the architectural environment of the ancient cities. We know of any environment, in addition to being accepted by its inhabitants, at a rapid pace. Man chooses elements from the surrounding environment that only fit into his inner need and intellect. In the process of living it integrates various fragments of the environment and creates an entire environment around it. Naturally, it is more complex than any of the same boring scenes, and it has more opportunities to create a rich environment. Various contrasting and interconnected environments, based on rich landscapes, create a multidimensional and cross-sectional layer. Such a complex environment can be observed, for example, in the center of the old town. In such an environment, it is impossible to reconstruct several different environments in any project operation. Therefore, environmental protection concerns not only the water, the air and the animal world, but also the old towns that are important and not reconstructed for humanity. The habitat of human beings is defined as this developmental system. The concept of the evolutionary process requires the understanding of the natural concealment of the developing object and the process that drives the process. In order to be able to effectively target a dynamic object, it is necessary to be able to use the objects of the object objectively, without turning them into objections. For example, many talk about the incompatibility of the modern function of old city centers in its traditional environment.Today, buildings built in this environment can not be overthrown, so it will be necessary to move people living in these areas for a certain period of time. It creates a long, social and economic dimension, and this problem can be different. This can be accomplished by rebuilding the existing buildings, by repairing their façade facades in accordance with our national architecture and by organizing new ones. This is a known path to the problem. However, such a solution is economically more efficient than a projected shrub building.
Thus, the design should learn to manage disaster-affected objects. In particular, it should control the internal contradiction that it works in an optimal state, does not rise above the permissible level and does not diminish from the lowest. Perhaps the design process should be capable of contradicting objects in the environment, and should be able to demonstrate it by some special means. But now,
the design works only with projects. It can create real contradictions between projects. But this is a very ridiculous modeling of the current situation.
Any created environment project should not be limited to one industry perspective. At present, the involvement of representatives of various spheres in the field of environmental problems is envisaged. Historians, sociologists, archeologists, geographers, ecologists and architects directly participate in the research to establish the "living environment". But in the future it is necessary to expand the sphere of representatives of this sphere. Because every sphere looks at the environment from its point of view. The problem of ancient urban centers is as old as the problem of cities. Today, however, the problem is particularly acute because of the rapid growth of cities. Centers in the historic cities are one of the main values of society. Therefore, it is natural that this cultural heritage, which is expressed in a material sense, is an attempt to preserve this cultural heritage. But we understood the value of the traditional city center after the construction of foreign buildings around it. After the emergence of a volatile, volumetrically-cosmic atmosphere, which degrades the historical city and deforms the existing environment, we have realized that we are losing the historic environment. Here, we come up with another problem that is being branded in a new way - the developer's personal development problem. The modification of the design method allows you to look at the existing environment through the adoption of various suggestions through the use of information technology, modeling the designer. Not only the external, but also the internal dialogue, the ability to see a subject in different angles - all of which enters the art of designing and enhances the ability of the designer to work with complex, delicate objects.
After the independence of our Republic, such as the rest of the society, as well as the study of the traditional habitat of historic cities, such as the restoration, study, identification, implementation of our historical traditions and their coordination with contemporary world practices, if it is.
The subject of this research corresponds to the priorities of research in the Republic. In particular, it corresponds to seismology, seismic safety and construction of buildings and structures, effective architectural and design solutions of settlements, included in the state program of priority scientific researches.
Scientists have studied the history of traditional settlement, in particular the history of architecture and town planning in Samarkand, architectural environments of historic cities, but nowadays there are not enough information on regeneration of historic cities in Uzbekistan.
In the historic part of Samarkand, the main purpose of studying the environment and studying the traditional habitat is to regenerate their historical and cultural values and architectural setting, taking into account modern engineering and cultural conditions.
The mathematical model of algorithms allows solving regeneration problems taking into account historical architectural traditions and provides the development of urban planning, taking into account the further planning of historical cities.
Urbanism protection of historical and cultural monuments of Samarkand is based on the restoration of buildings and structures of architectural and cultural value, modernization of existing facilities, complete overhaul, construction of new buildings, oblasts, and use of underground width should be solved through the ways to create favorable living conditions in the historic city and to maintain a more moral, material and full utilization of the architecture.
Preservation and restoration of historical and cultural monuments rests on current legislation on the use and protection of historical and cultural monuments.
The town-planning protection of historical and cultural monuments at all stages of designing of architecture and town-planning should be resolved in the long-term cultural heritage recovery program.
In the complex restoration of historical cities, it is necessary to develop a program of social reforms in historical regions, reflecting the interests of the people living in these regions, their aspirations for the preservation and development of the spiritual and material values of the national culture.
It is necessary to restore the historical and cultural significance of small towns and settlements where they have been building centuries-old relationships with the center they have sought, the historical toposyncics of the town and their communication carcasses. The multi-storied townscape culture includes the architecture and town-planning art of the antique era, the colonial era, and the source of the historical heritage of every nation. It is important to highlight the boundaries of each urban planning layer and to highlight its borderline, its planning and stylistic peculiarities. Designing of green tree plantings in the historic city streets of Samarkand, planning city streets and addressing all the architectural and planning issues of construction projects, while addressing the issues of landscaping of the surrounding and urban streets must be done in the normal manner. Traditional urban environment should not alter the structure of the city, while preserving the local population's habitat. It is not permitted to change the traditional open space, ie to expand the streets and build new buildings. The centers of mahalla functions as public centers, preserving their original appearance. The main directions of preservation of the cultural heritage of the centers of historic cities, on the one hand, the monuments of historical and archaeological, architectural and architectural value, on the other - modern economic opportunities in development.
Taking into account the modern circumstances of the historical development of the historical city, it is characteristic that the historical heritage of the historical heritage is inherent in this classification, but it does not differentiate between urban and rural populations, in contrast to the classification of the heritage. However, despite the conditionality of this classification, which reflects only the widespread relationships of historic cities, historic cities show a complex set of factors affecting the destiny of historical cities of Uzbekistan. At present, the historic value of cities is being emphasized by the advantages of identifying, studying and evaluating their historical, artistic and urban value. Therefore, the method of determining the value of the historical complexes of the city is interesting. To objectively evaluate
complex cosmic composition, first of all, it is necessary to individually assess the historical center of the city on the basis of the developed system of criteria, namely:
- Consistency of the elements of an elementary, volumetric environment and architectural planning;
- Artistic value of individual objects or their complexes;
- Architectural, artistic and aesthetic values of the complexes;
- Presentation of the complex as a material document, stages of development of the city spatial forms;
- The uniqueness or magnitude of the facility in the historic center or city;
- The value of historical traditions related to the Republic;
- Determine zones of protection zone, separate zones and strict regulation zones around architectural monuments.
These criteria are not the same, but their impact on the overall assessment is different. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a separate system of classification and to create a system for comparing them. Additionally, the additional sequence in the form of digital evaluations determining the boundaries of the protected area, depending on the extent to which the structure (system) to which it is to meet the requirements of each criterion, will be met. The perfect classification begins after the initial investigation of the city's space station, first of all defining the boundaries of historically valuable areas. It is recommended to evaluate the degree of preservation of the historical cosmopolitan object by elements taking into consideration the residential and public buildings with separate historical solutions. Because the changes in the center of the city center are very diverse, distracting them from the ancient site, and distracting them to the enrichers. The intensive process of activating the historic part of Samarkand city, which acts as a logistics and administrative and cultural center in the tourism sector, is accompanied by an increase in the total volume of the old city construction, where most of the monuments are concentrated. Formation and organization of modern tourist centers, expansion of their structure, development of architecture, promotion of historically formed old city and development of adjacent zones. The architectural scheme of the city is to find a consistent transition from the historical structure to the modern structure through the active use of all valuable historical elements and the careful preservation of them, by establishing a harmonious unity of ancient and new buildings. The complexity of this task is that in the center of historic cities, typically, the height of buildings does not exceed 1-2 floors, while the modern construction is mainly oriented to high-rise buildings and large sized buildings.
In recent years, the public, social and scientific organizations addressing this issue have demonstrated the relevance of international conferences, negotiations, symposiums, and problems. Special attention is paid to these issues as an important part of various complex subjects in scientific research institutes.
