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2PROGRAM OF THE APPLIED COURSE "GEOGRAPHY OF THE ZELENOV REGION OF WEST KAZAKHSTAN OBLAST" FOR PUPILS OF THE 10th CLASS
Abstract
The maintenance of the applied "geography of the Zelenov region of west Kazakhstan oblast" acquaints pupils of the 10th class with geography and history of the native land, allows school students to seize working methods with maps, statistical materials and additional sources of information. This applied course is represented especially actual as arms pupils with knowledge of study of local lore, develops their geographical memory, increases interest in a geography subject, cultivates feeling of participation in historical events of the small homeland. In the applied course "geography of the Zelenov region of west Kazakhstan oblast" methods of geographical researches are used: supervision, cartographical, statistical, comparative, system and historical approach and geoenvironmental monitoring.
Keywords
applied course, local history material, nature, economy, population, methods of geographical researches, patriotic education, profession, specialty
AUTHOR
Azamat Maiemer
Geography teacher of highest category the member of republican nominal school of U. Esnazarova geography Village Beles, Zelenov Region, West Kazahstan Oblast, Kazakhstan
maiemer_71@maH.ru
In system of geographical knowledge the special place is got by applied courses. Need of development of interests of pupils in the field of study of local lore is connected with the social order of society: than the knowledge of pupils of the native land and its best people will be fuller, deeper, more substantial, especially effective will be they in education of love to the native nature and the earth, respect for traditions of the people and patriotism.
The local edge is studied at lessons of different subject matters, but the widest use of local history material possibly in teaching geography, biology, chemistry, history, literature, etc.
Teacher's task: use of local history material in educational process for formation of the general geographical concepts and regularities, involvement of pupils in active research work.
The main objects of studying of geography are the nature, economy, the population. The system of the basic local history knowledge studying at the main school consists of two blocks:
1. Physical geography of the Zelenov region.
2. Social and economic geography of the Zelenov region.
The regional component of the basic curriculum can be presented as independent courses of study of local lore (the complex characteristic including all directions of school study of local lore), and facultatively, special courses within studying of concrete sections and subjects. Realization of a regional component focuses the teacher on the organization of personal knowledge of the native land from direct perception, feeling to judgment.
The integrated approach in study'ng of the native land will allow to create profound knowledge and abilities of pupils of the local history contents as the program of an applied course includes the characteristic of the main objects of the nature, the population, cultures, environmental problems and economies, stories of settling and economic development of the territory from local (the immediate school environment) to regional level.
The teacher can organize various forms of independent activity of pupils of search, research character, issue material in the form of scientific school projects. Pupils not only independently study features of geography of the district by means of specially organized observations, sketches, comparisons, carrying out practical works, the statement of own hypotheses, but also as if live natural phenomena and cultures, passing them through own creativity.
The purpose and problems of training of geography in new conditions are inseparably linked with the general installations of school geographical education. The concept of geographical education at schools of the Republic of Kazakhstan puts one of the main objectives: "To study the native land as part of the world geography. To lay the objective foundation of patriotism in indissoluble communication with internationalism and a broad view on the world. To bring up a pride it to progress of the native land, to show keenness and attention to its problems". This task is traced by a red thread in the functioning State obligatory standard of education (GOSO-2012), the concept of geographical education (1993), training programs initial, main, senior steps of schools.
In a state program on patriotic education (2006-2008) citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan is said that the materials promoting perception young people of a real environment (the village, the area, the city) as the Homeland, manifestation of love to it and call of duty before it because in it the state with all its social institutes is represented will be entered.
The applied course is based on physical, economic and social geography of Kazakhstan (8-9 class) and is continuation of deeper studying of the concrete region of Kazakhstan, represents great opportunities for formation at pupils of love to the small homeland, the relation to the nature as to national wealth.
The program in "Geography of the Zelenov region of West Kazakhstan region" is intended for carrying out an applied course in the 10th class, with the following hour loading: 10th class applied course "Physical, Economic and Social Geography of the Zelenovsky Area", 34 hours annual (1 hour per week).
The applied course "Geography of the Zelenov region of West Kazakhstan Region" as a local history course sets for itself the following purpose and tasks:
Purpose: Studying of local history material on the native land and formation at pupils of high patriotic consciousness, a pride for the small homeland.
Educational and educational problems of an applied course:
- to deepen knowledge of pupils of physiographic regularities and natural phenomena. To create at pupils of knowledge of development of the territory of the Zelenov region;
- to expand local history knowledge of the nature of the native district;
- to form dialektic-materialistic views of the nature and of interaction of society and the nature;
- to deepen and expand knowledge of pupils of economy of the Zelenov region;
- to form interrelation of the nature and economic activity of the person;
- to promote development of skills in pupils independently to gain knowledge, creatively to think, correctly to use methods and methods of search of knowledge, to work with various sources of geographical information, to receive necessary data on the area from periodicals;
- to deepen knowledge and abilities at pupils by means of excursions, supervision and practical works to districts;
- to form at pupils of knowledge of a role of climatic conditions in life of people, about negative and positive influence of economic activity of the person on the nature;
- to cultivate conscious love to native places, to the small homeland connecting education with life to help to form moral concepts and feelings of school students on the basis of live perception of surrounding reality;
- to promote formation of esthetic education, based on knowledge of pupils of beauty of the nature and recreational opportunities of corners of the Zelenov region.
In the concept of the 12-year secondary general education in the Republic of Kazakhstan according to the set purpose the expected results of education are defined in the form of key competences of the graduate, one of competence is educational and informative which has to provide process of independent educational and informative and research activity of pupils that will allow to understand a scientific picture of the world, to have skills of search and research activity. Valuable and orientation competence distinguishes the most important - to be the patriot of the Homeland.
In the course of studying of the applied course "Geography of the Zelenov region of West Kazakhstan Region" at pupils the complex of practical knowledge is formed: to observe and compare the natural phenomena, to fix results of supervision and comparisons, to make experiments, to carry out actions for conservation of the native land. To explain change of economy of the area, from the point of view of development of a national economy in modern market conditions.
The contents and creation of the program create opportunity more consistently and convincingly to open the leading world outlook ideas of a course school - studies of local lore, to connect it with life more closely.
In the maintenance of an applied course the continuity between geography courses, in development of geographical thinking, cartographical knowledge and abilities is provided.
The text of the program will be subdivided into large sections and subjects. It is stated briefly, with allocation of the major general concepts of each section.
In the program practical works which the teacher carries surely out with all class are offered, but estimates at discretion: at all or it is selective. Certainly, within a year each pupil has to have not less than 4-5 estimates for total practical works.
After the explanatory note in the program are given: the educational and thematic plan, requirements to the level of training of pupils, system of estimation of pupils, methodical recommendations, the list of the recommended literature for the teacher and pupils.
The contents and structure of the program create favorable conditions for achievement of the objectives, put before geographical education at schools of the Republic of Kazakhstan and vocational training of pupils.
Maintenance of an applied course "Geography of the Zelenov region of West Kazakhstan region" (Only 34 hours, 1 hour per week)
Physical geography of the Zelenov region (17 hours)
Introduction (1 hour)
Study of local lore - its contents, value, tasks, studying methods. Features of school study of local lore. Methods of collecting and registration of local history materials.
General information about the Zelenov region (2 hours)
Geographical position of the area. Administrative-territorial division of the area. History of formation and development of the Zelenov region from the moment of education till today. History of formation of your settlement.
Lithosphere (3 hours)
Geological structure of the territory of the Zelenov region. Features of a relief. Relief. Minerals.
Atmosphere (2 hours)
Climate: distribution of air temperature and atmospheric pressure. Air masses, the prevailing winds, atmospheric circulation. Atmospheric phenomena.
Hydrosphere (4chasa)
Internal waters: rivers, lakes, origin of names of the rivers and lakes. Water resources, biological resources, the mixed resources of the rivers and lakes. Bogs, artificial reservoirs, underground waters.
Soil, flora and fauna (5 hours)
Soils: formation of soils, their main types, properties, distinctions in fertility. Regularities of distribution of soils within the area. Change of soils and their economic use.
Vegetable cover of territories of the Zelenov region. Fauna. Plants and the animals of the Zelenov region included in the Red List of Kazakhstan.
Practical works:
1. Determination of height and steepness of a slope of a uval.
2. Supervision over weather, processing and analysis of collected materials.
3. Acquaintance with a surface water, their use and protection.
4. Determination of fertility of the soil.
Excursions:
1. Acquaintance to a land relief and the simplest methods of its studying.
2. Life of plants, birds and animals in the winter.
Economic and social geography of the Zelenov region
(17 hours)
Population (3 hours)
Population, reasons of its change. Birth rate, mortality, natural increase of the population.
National structure of the population. Structure of the population on sexual and age signs. Concept about working-age and a manpower.
General characteristic of economy of the Zelenov region (9 hours)
Industry. Business. Agro-industrial complex and its value in economy. Area plant growing. Dependence on an environment. Grain farm as fundamentals of plant growing of the area. Animal husbandry and prospects of its development.
Area means of transport, their characteristic.
Development of social infrastructure: health care, education, culture and sport.
Practical works:
1. Creation of charts of schedules: population, gender and age structure (with use of static materials, according to your rural district).
2. Definition of grain cereals on sprouts and zernovka.
Excursions:
1. On the industrial enterprise or on private production for the purpose of acquaintance of work of the local enterprise.
2. Acquaintance to work of country farms (excursions are made at the discretion of the teacher, taking into account local opportunities).
Ecological problems of the Zelenov region (5 hours) Ecological situation of the area. Natural recreational facilities: Urals Rivers, Chagan, Derkul, Kirsanovsky state wildlife area.
Excursion
Ecological excursion (action) "Cleaning of garbage of the territory of the wood, next to your settlement, or rivers".
Requirements to the level of training of pupils:
- Pupils have to call, show, explain:
- a place of the Zelenov region within the West Kazakhstan region, situation, distance, geographical coordinates;
- geological structure of the area;
- special forms of a relief of sushi;
- climate factors; regularities of distribution of air temperature and atmospheric pressure, rainfall; air masses and the prevailing winds;
- internal waters and their main types;
- main types of soils, their placement, measures for protection;
- natural complexes;
- rural settlements;
- moving of the people on the area, the main ethnoses and widespread languages;
- industry and its primary branches;
- agriculture and its primary branches;
- transport and its types;
- types of natural resources and environmental problems of the area;
- rules of conduct in the nature;
To define and measure:
- various maps;
- by comparison of various cards: dependence of a relief on a tectonic structure of the territory of the area;
- to determine by cards: placement of internal waters, types of soils, main types of a plant and animal life of the area;
- according to cards and statistical materials: territories with high and low population density, indicators of the natural movement of the population;
- according to cards and statistical materials: features of economic objects;
- according to cards: features of an economical geographical position of the Zelenov region;
To describe:
- landscape of the district;
- characteristic of the rivers;
- mechanical structure of the soil;
- features of a plant and animal life;
- rare and endangered species of plants and animals, medicinal, poisonous, wild-growing edible plants of the area;
- population of the rural district;
- customs, traditions, culture, types of economic activity of the population at different stages of development of history;
- work of country farms of the area;
- characteristic of one of the local enterprises;
- nature sanctuaries of the district and area;
To predict:
- change of weather on local signs;
- impact of economic activity of people on water resources of the area, a measure for their protection;
- water level change, depending on height of snow cover;
- change of natural objects as a result of human activity;
- ecological assessment of the village;
- economic development of the area on the near future, taking into account modern changes.
Key competences:
- to be the patriot of the Homeland;
- to be able to give an assessment to the occurring social events;
- to be able to understand culture of the people and cultural diversity of the world;
- to have skills поисково - research activity;
- competently to work with information;
- to be able to collect the necessary facts;
- to analyze, make selection, to do necessary generalizations;
- to be able to analyze a concrete social and public situation;
- independently to work on development of own moral, intelligence.
Recommendations about an assessment of knowledge and abilities of pupils
Check, the account and assessment of knowledge of pupils make a necessary link of process of training. On applied courses oral, written and practical inspections can be carried out. It is possible to allocate individual, frontal, group forms of check and offset. Individual check can have various character: measurement according to the card, reading cards, carrying out supervision in the nature, various computing works, etc.
A frontal inspection is carried out when fixing knowledge, for example, after lecture.
The group form of check can be used after carrying out practical works or excursion. The big role in check and an assessment of knowledge and abilities is played by reports and papers. They not only allow to check and estimate knowledge of pupils, but also developments of a creative power and abilities, skills of independent work with references form a fine basis. Besides, any oral and written message improves abilities of pupils competently to write, state the thoughts the literary language, logically to think. Reports are one of types of independent work of pupils. It is better if pupils choose a report subject. Having got advice of the teacher, it thinks over the plan of the report. The plan of the report and terms of its preparation will be agreed with the teacher. The prepared report, as a rule, has to be illustrated by drawings, schemes. The contents of the report are reported on occupation where can be read one - two reports. During studying of a course it is recommended to each pupil to make one - two reports.
The paper - deeper and finished research. As well as by preparation of the report, good results turn out at a subject choice the pupil. The best works on an equal basis with other materials of pupils are shown at specially allocated stand on a concluding session at an applied course.
After studying of several subjects it is possible to check knowledge in the form of offset. Offsets give the chance more deeply to check knowledge of pupils, to reveal its individual interests in various questions. For offset the teacher chooses the most important questions on each of the passable subjects. Pupils have to foreknow the list of questions on offset. Some pupils can pass, without interrogating them, for active work during occupations.
The total assessment is brought as an arithmetic average out of the total amount of the got points. Certainly, the teacher can apply with success and other forms of examination on applied courses. We, for example, didn't concern many methods of examination and abilities of pupils. However anyway it is necessary to aspire to that classes on applied courses were given along with profound knowledge interestingly and fascinatingly.
Methodical recommendations
The applied course "Geography of the Zelenov region of West Kazakhstan Region" as local history course has to open the following features: this studying by pupils of an environment and economic activity of the population of the district based mainly on direct supervision in the nature and at the enterprises; on studying of materials of periodicals. Pupils get acquainted with life and economic activity of the population in school vicinities, meet veterans of work, study professional activity of the best workers of production, thus have opportunity directly to see value of work.
The program of a course joins excursions in the nature and on production, stud^ng of components of an environment and landscapes, interaction of economic activity and the nature, action for conservation and participation in them, studying of manufacturing enterprises. Local history work develops diligence, research bents; cultivates love to the nature; cultivates patriotism, pride of achievement of the edge and desire to take in it active part. In the applied course "Geography of the Zelenov region of West Kazakhstan Region" methods of geographical researches are used: supervision, cartographical, statistical, comparative, system and historical approach and geoenvironmental monitoring.
This applied course has great opportunities to acquaint pupils with various professions, when stud^ng the section of "Physical geography of the Zelenov region" the teacher acquaints pupils with a profession of the geologist, topographer, cartographer, phenologist, soil scientist, climatologist, weather forecaster, hydrometeorologist, forester, huntsman, etc. When studying the section of "Economic and social geography of the Zelenov region" pupils become with the professions connected with agriculture more closely acquainted: farmer, agronomist, livestock specialist, veterinarian, engineer, machine operator. For example, in the subject "Transport" - with the driver's professions, equipment - mechanics; the subject "Health care" - the nurse, medbrat6 the paramedic, the doctor etc.; the subject "Education" - a profession of the teacher unites teachers of different specialties.
REFERENCES
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TECHNIQUE OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF PUPILS ON REGIONAL AND LOCAL HISTORY MATERIALS AT SCHOOLS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract
The content of the patriotic education of pupils offered by the author technique regional and local history materials at schools of the republic of Kazakhstan is considered. In it deeper studying of the concrete region of Kazakhstan, which forms at pupils love for the country, the attitude towards natural wealth, is shown.
Keywords
patriotism, local history material, methods of geographical researches, patriotic education, applied course
AUTHOR
Azamat Maiemer
Geography teacher of highest category the member of republican nominal school of U. Esnazarova geography Village Beles, Zelenov Region, West Kazahstan Oblast, Kazakhstan
maiemer_71@maH.ru
Education of patriotism in the Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the main objectives of an education system according to the Law on education and the actual task set by the State program of a development of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011 -2020, the Concept of the 12-year secondary general education in the Republic of Kazakhstan [1].
In educational process of school local history material is studied at lessons of different subject matters and in out-of-class work. Realization of the local history principle goes deep from a class to a class taking into account age of pupils of studying of new subjects, with the advent of new aspects of intersubject character in studying of the native land.
The purpose and problems of training of geography in new conditions are inseparably linked with the general installations of school geographical education. One of the main objectives of the Concept of school geographical education of the Republic of Kazakhstan - "to study the native land as part of the world geography, to lay, thus, the objective
