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УДК: 616-561
Malshakov Ivan Olegovich Mikhailov Stanislav Igorevich
Tyumen State Medical University DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2022-20143-32-33
PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT OF NURSING STAFF IN THE CONDITIONS OF COVID-19
Abstract
The article shows the severity of professional burnout also in the nursing staff under the conditions of new coronavirus infection. The data were obtained on the basis of psychopathological research method and structured clinical interview.
Key words: professional burnout, COVID-19, psychiatry, medicine, medical staff
Relevance. In a pandemic, when medical personnel are forced to work under conditions of extreme workload and an increased threat of contracting a new coronavirus infection, the study of professional burnout and maladaptation of medical workers is becoming relevant all over the world [1].
Purpose of the study. To assess the severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, professional burnout in nursing staff of a stationary profile, to develop methods for correcting and preventing these disorders.
Materials and methods. On the basis of medical institutions providing care to patients with a new corona-virus infection, 60 medical employees with a secondary medical education were examined, including 8 men (13.3%) and 52 women (86.6%). The average age of the respondents is 36.2 years (from 22 to 58 years). The clinical-psychopathological method was supplemented by the data of a structured clinical interview, which included 25 questions in four categories: general data, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduction of personal achievements.
Research results. All surveyed were divided into four age groups. The first group of paramedical personnel was aged 22-35 years (which is 25% of the total number of the group) and the average length of service was 6.7 years. In the second group, from 36 to 45 years old, there were the most surveyed (60%), the average length of service was 12.3 years. The third group, aged 46-55 (13.3%), had an average length of service of 17.7 years. The fourth group from 56 to 65 years old (1.6%) had 32 years of work experience in medicine. 73.9% are married, 13.3% are divorced, 11.6% are actively searching. 78.3% of medical workers have children. 51.6% of respondents suffered from COVID-19 during the last 3-6 months, of which 32.2% had residual manifestations in the form of a lack/reduction of smell, respiratory failure, cognitive impairment, and rapid fatigue. Everyone noted that the workload has increased in recent years. If we consider the reasons, we can distinguish three leading ones, namely, changes in the schedule, which affected 91.6% of respondents. The increase in the number of patients as the reason for the severity of the work process was noted by 58.3% of the
respondents and the new functionality by 78.3% of the respondents, the latter reason being the most significant in the age category of 36 years and above. 70% of medical workers, most of whom are in the categories of 36 years and older, are dissatisfied with their wages based precisely on the volume of work they perform. However, 28.3% consider their wages to be adequate in comparison with the amount of work performed, mainly in the 22-35 age group, in which working students of a medical university prevail. 73.3% of respondents, despite the difficult working conditions, work brings pleasure, it is worth noting that these are mainly people from the age group of22-45 years. Work does not bring pleasure to 26.6%, mostly people aged 46-65. 48.3% of respondents do not get enough sleep, mostly these people are aged 36 and older, they need an average of at least 8 hours for a comfortable sleep, in turn, the younger generation needs an average of 5 hours of sleep for a productive day. 26.3% of nursing staff feel emotionally drained after a working day, mostly people aged 46 and older, associate this condition with unusual working conditions and the inability to adapt to them. In total, 11.1% of those surveyed have indifference to patients and colleagues. 40% of respondents, mostly from older age groups, believe that working conditions have become unbearable. Despite difficult working conditions, job dissatisfaction and other factors 93.3% of respondents would still go to work in medicine. 57% of all respondents had phases of emotional burnout that are in the process of formation or have already been fully formed. The occurrence of burnout syndrome directly depended on the way of life and the use of techniques to deal with stress factors. A characteristic psychological portrait of nursing staff in a pandemic was formed. It is noted that fear for oneself and one's family, the material component, a change in the schedule, the emergence of new duties, the use of personal protective equipment, the monotony of life are the main sources of emotional burnout, which is consistent with the data of other studies [1]. 57% of all respondents had phases of emotional burnout that are in the process of formation or have already been
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fully formed. The occurrence of burnout syndrome directly depended on the way of life and the use of techniques to deal with stress factors. A characteristic psychological portrait of nursing staff in a pandemic was formed. It is noted that fear for oneself and one's family, the material component, a change in the schedule, the emergence of new duties, the use of personal protective equipment, the monotony of life are the main sources of emotional burnout, which is consistent with the data of other studies [1]. 57% of all respondents had phases of emotional burnout that are in the process of formation or have already been fully formed. The occurrence of burnout syndrome directly depended on the way of life and the use of techniques to deal with stress factors. A characteristic psychological portrait of nursing staff in a pandemic was formed. It is noted that fear for oneself and one's family, the material component, a change in the schedule, the emergence of new duties, the use of personal protective equipment, the monotony of life are the main sources of emotional burnout, which is consistent with the data of other studies [1]. The occurrence of burnout syndrome directly depended on the way of life and the use of techniques to deal with stress factors. A characteristic psychological portrait of nursing staff in a pandemic was formed. It is noted that fear for oneself and one's family, the material component, a change in the schedule, the emergence of new duties, the use of personal protective equipment, the monotony of life are the main sources of emotional burnout, which
is consistent with the data of other studies [1]. The occurrence of burnout syndrome directly depended on the way of life and the use of techniques to deal with stress factors. A characteristic psychological portrait of nursing staff in a pandemic was formed. It is noted that fear for oneself and one's family, the material component, a change in the schedule, the emergence of new duties, the use of personal protective equipment, the monotony of life are the main sources of emotional burnout, which is consistent with the data of other studies [1].
Conclusion. Signs of emotional burnout were detected in 57% of nursing staff providing care to a patient with coronavirus infection, in 11.1% this reached a pronounced degree. In these medical institutions, it is necessary to carry out measures for psychological relief, provide personnel with protective equipment, reduce the level of physical discomfort associated with the use of personal protective equipment and lack of sleep, and actively conduct a collegial discussion of the organization of work. The quality of support from relatives, colleagues and administration contributes to the preservation of the sense of importance of their profession and self-respect for themselves as a professional among medical personnel.
Bibliography.
1. Matyushkina, E.Ya. Occupational stress and professional burnout in medical workers / E.Ya. Matyushkina, A.P. Roy, A.A. Rakhmanin, A.B. Khol-mogorova // Modern foreign psychology. - 2020. - No. 2. -S. 39-49 p.
UDC: 611.813.1
Alexander Sergey Tomashuk DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2022-20143-33-45 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE CORTIC AREAS OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
Abstract.
This is the second "review" article in a series of works that describe the main goal of the research - the formation of an artificial intelligence model that describes the design and operation of the central nervous system of a living organism, such as a human.
In this work, known information is given regarding the structure and a complete list of all, or, in a larger number, functions that are known, on today, areas - Brodmann areas, the human cerebral cortex. In addition, known information about systems is given - namely, the sequences of Brodmann areas in the signal transmission procedure, in which unique information streams pass, which formed by the receptors of individual sensory systems.
Keywords: brain, central nervous system, cortex, Brodmann areas, dorsal stream, ventral stream, human.
1. Introduction.
In the first work [1], the main goal of the study was presented - the improvement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, which is based on known information about the design and operation of the central nervous system (CNS) of a living organism, such as a human. At the same time, the most important advantage of the model that is formed on the basis of these materials is that, in it, imitation, in some respect to the truth, of "real" mental processes, which are based on some input data, will allow predicting the future state of the organism (including diseases) and conduct an experiment to select methods and/or means to worsen it (in the future, to conduct research to restore the original data) or improve (its restoration and improvement).
The problem of this study (with regard to this work) is that, on today, there is no work - a review study that describes the structure and functions of the areas of the cerebral cortex (CC) of the brain, which would include the entire list of these areas - Brodmann areas (BA), and a complete list of all, or most, functions that have become known, on today.
The purpose of the research is the need to describe the structure and functions of the areas of the CC of the human brain, in accordance with the known information, on today.
To achieve the purpose of the research, which was set, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: from information sources, to search and analyse information.
