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HT22 cells from the cytotoxic effects of glutamate or NMDA and the possible anti-inflammatory properties on LPS-activated macrophages (MO).
Differentiated HT22 cells were pre-treated with STW 3-VI to investigate the protective effects against glutamate or NMDA cytotoxicity. The anti-inflammatory properties of STW 3-VI were evaluated by quantification of the TNF release on LPS activated PMA-differentiated THP 1 MO using ELISA assay and the mRNA expression of TNF and IL-6 by qRT-PCR. Glutamate or NMDA (0.1mM) induced 30% cytotoxicity in HT22 cells.
Pre-incubation (24h) of STW 3-VI improved the viability by 30%, compared to the control. Pre-treatment (48h) of LPS-activated MO with STW 3-VI induced a significant lowering (54%, 64% and 53%) of TNF
release. QRT-PCR revealed that 48 h pre-treatment with STW 3-VI inhibits the mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF respectively by LPS-activated MO.
STW 3-VI protects hippocampal cells from glutamate or NMDA induced cytotoxicity and activates the antiinflammatory defense by inhibition of the cytokine production by MO, These effects might be relevant for the therapeutic effects of STW 3-VI in psychic depression.
References:
1. Breyer A et al. 2007. Phytomedicine. 14:250-255.
2. Denke A et al. 2000. Drug Res. 50 (5):415-419.
3. Gastpar M, Singer A, Zeller K. 2006. Pharmacopsy-chiatry. 39:66-75.
INFLAMMATION AS A TARGET: DIFFERENT MODE OF ACTION OF HERBAL MEDICINES AND NSAIDS
© Kelber Olaf1, Samstag Fabienne1, Nieber Karen2
11nnovation and Development, Phytomedicines Supply and Development Center, Bayer Consumer Health Division, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany; 2 Pharmaceutical Institute, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
Recent studies have shown that systemic responses of increased circulating lymphocytes and elevated proinflammatory cytokines and subtle inflammation are a reason also of many functional diseases, as e.g. functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The complexity of these diseases indicates that there are different pathophysiological mechanisms involved.
On the example of the herbal medicinal product STW 5, mechanisms of action involved anti-inflammatory effects were compared to those of NSAIDs.
Data from in vitro studies [1, 2] were revealed and analysed for elucidating possible mechanisms of action underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of STW 5.
STW 5 activated COX-1, but had no effect on COX-2 mRNA expression in contrast to the control substances, like ASS and diclofenac, which inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression. STW 5 inhibited the increased
gene expression and reduced significantly the release of TNF-alpha by activation of adenosine A2A receptors in LPS (100 ng/ml)-stimulated human monocytes, while having no effect in untreated cells. Radiolig and binding assays confirmed the affinity of STW 5 to adenosine A2A receptors.
The mechanism of action of STW 5 as an anti-inflammatory medication without involving COX-1 or COX-2 inhibitory properties is fundamentally different from that of NSAIDs, which may be an important reason for the usefulness of this medicinal product especially in patients with FD and IBS, as indicated by clinical trials and therapeutic use.
References:
1. Michael S et al. 2012. Inflammatory Bowel Disease 3: 41.
2. Bonaterra G A et al. 2008. Z. Phytotherapie 29: S22 therapeutic use.
PRODUCTION AND STANDARDIZATION OF EXTRACTS FROM BIDENS TRIPARTITA, SOLIDAGO CANADENSIS AND AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA
© Kaukhova I.E., Novikova E.K., Chachin D.A.
St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical Academy, St-Petersburg, Russia
In the present study, a quantitation of main active substances and antioxidant activity of the dry extracts from Bidens tripartita, Solidago canadensis and Agrimonia eupatoria in the production of medicinal substances was carried out.
The samples of B. tripartite, S. canadensis and A. eupatoria were purchased from a local pharmacy. The dried samples of B. tripartite, S. canadensis and A. eupatoria were extracted by water-alcohol in the ratio 1:20 of different concentrations 40%, 50% and 70%, respectively, in a
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boiling waterbath, filtered, and then dried. Phytochemical investigation of these three extracts was carried out using standard methodology to identify and quantify the major chemical constituents. The total tannins content was estimated as tannin equivalents in dry A. eupatoria extract by titrimetrically. The total flavonoids content was estimated as rutin equivalents in dry extract of B. tripartita by spectrophotometric method. The total triterpene saponins content was estimated as p-escin equivalents in the dry extract of S. canadensis using spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activity (AOA) was measured by coulometric titration. The following buffer solutions: acid potassium phthalate 0.2 mol L-1 (buffer solution, PH = 4.01);
potassium bromide 0.2 mol L-1; sulfuric acid 0.2 mol L-1. Injected sample volumes were: 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, and 0.5 ml.
It was found that the dry extracts contained: total tannins 16.1 ± 0.8%; total flavonoids 19.0 ± 0.7%, and total saponins 7.2 ± 0.6%. Experimentally it was found that the use of the system without buffer solution gives similar results, therefore was not applied. The value of antioxidant activity for all extracts ranged from 9.5 to 10.5 mg/g and was comparable with AOA of standard sample of quercetin (10.1 mg/g).
Our results provide evidence for the potential usefulness of B. tripartite, S. canadensis and A. eupatoria dry extracts for new medicines of natural origin.
DETERMINATION OF EFFECT OF PRANTSCHIMGIN AND FELAMEDIN ON NF-KB PATHWAY IN RAT LIVER FOLLOWING PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY WITH MINI ARRAY ANALYSIS
© Ceyda Sibel Kiliq1. Emre Ceyhan2 3, Mediha Canbek2
1 Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Ankara, Turkey;
2 Eski§ehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Eski§ehir, Turkey;
3 Eski§ehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Eski§ehir, Turkey
In this study, the effect of prantschimgin and felamedin (coumarins) isolated from Ferulago isaurica Pe§men (Apiaceae) and dissolved in EtOH was demonstrated in liver regeneration following 70% partial hepatectomy (PH).
Coumarins are the major active substances of the family Apiaceae and possess various biological activities [1]. Initiation of growth response in liver degeneration is due to the complex interactions between hepatocytes, non-parenchymal cells, extracellular matrix, metabolites and foodstuff. Regeneration response is via a couple of signal pathways and one of the most important signal pathways in stimulated liver following PH is the NF-KBsignal pathway [2, 3].
In order to show the triggering effect of these coumarin compounds on cell proliferation, we performed studies on Wistar albino male rats (5 groups, each containing 3 rats; all processes performed following partial hepatectomy). Group 1 (Sham control group) -
onlylaparotomy was performed; Group II a received single dose intraperitoneal^ (ip) administered methyl alcohol; Group III, IV and V were administered 100 mg • kg-1, 200 mg • kg-1 and 400 mg • kg-1 coumarin mixture, respectively via i.p. injection. Rats were sacrificed 6 hours after the surgical procedure, their livers were removed and examined with mini array analysis.
We have shown that 100 mg • kg-1 of prantschimgin and felamedin mixture induced liver regeneration following 70% PH, and therefore we can conclude that these coumarins are active in increasing the mitotic activity of the liver which is important in liver fibrosis.
References:
1. Gürbüz i, Erdurak CS, Coskun M, Yeçilada E, 2004.
Turkish J.Pharm.Sci. 1(1):47-53.
2. Fausto N, Campbell JS, 2003. Mech Dev, 120:117-130.
3. Zimmermann A, 2004. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 19(4):iv6-iv10.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF SANGUISORBAE RADIX ON CONTACT DERMATITIS INDUCED BY DINITROFLUOROBENZENE IN MICE
© Suzy Jo1, Junghyun Ryu1, Mi Heon Ryu2, Hyungwoo Kim1
1 School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea;
2 School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
The dried root of Sanguisorba officinalis L. such as eczema, pruritus and urticarial in China, Japan (Sanguisorbae Radix) is used to treat skin diseases and Korea.
Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy]
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