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PROBLEMS OF USING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES Abdurakhimov D.R.1, Rakhmatshoev I.N.2 Email: [email protected]
'Abdurakhimov Doston Rakhimjohn o 'g 'li — Teacher;
2Rakhmatshoev Islomjohn Nozimjohn o 'g 'li — Teacher, ELECTRIC ENGINEERING, ELECTRIC MECHANICS AND ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGIES DEPARTMENT,
POWER ENGINEERING FACULTY, FERGHANA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, FERGHANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article under discussion considers the problems of using alternative energy sources. The authors of the article believe that the increasing pollution of the environment, disturbance of the thermal balance of the atmosphere gradually lead to global climate change. Energy deficit and limited fuel resources with increasing acuteness show the inevitability of transition to non-traditional, alternative energy sources. In contrast to oil, coal or gas, they are virtually inexhaustible, accessible and environmentally friendly. In addition, most developed countries have national programmes for the development and support of alternative energy. However, the widespread spread of clean energy is hampered by huge financial costs and, to date, the lower efficiency of alternative energy sources compared to traditional ones.
Keywords: alternative, source, energy, ecological, clean, state, program, development, power plant, unconventional, transition.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ Абдурахимов Д.Р.1, Рахматшоев И.Н.2
'Абдурахимов Достон Рахимжон угли — преподаватель; 2Рахматшоев Исломжон Нозимжон угли — преподаватель, кафедра электротехники, электромеханики, электротехнологий, факультет энергетики, Ферганский политехнический институт, г. Фергана, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: данная статья рассматривает проблемы использования альтернативных источников энергии. Авторы статьи считают, что увеличивающееся загрязнение окружающей среды, нарушение теплового баланса атмосферы постепенно приводят к глобальным изменениям климата. Дефицит энергии и ограниченность топливных ресурсов с всё нарастающей остротой показывают неизбежность перехода к нетрадиционным, альтернативным источникам энергии. В противоположность нефти, углю или газу они практически неисчерпаемы, доступны и не наносят ущерба окружающей среде. Кроме того, в большинстве развитых стран существуют государственные программы развития и поддержки альтернативной энергетики. Однако повсеместному распространению экологически чистой энергии мешают огромные финансовые затраты и, на сегодняшний день, более низкая эффективность альтернативных источников энергии по сравнению с традиционными.
Ключевые слова: альтернативный, источник, энергия, экологический, чистый, государственный, программа, развитие, электростанция, нетрадиционный, переход.
УДК 629.039.58
Increasing pollution of the environment and disruption of the thermal balance of the atmosphere gradually lead to global climate change. Today's most widely used sources of electricity are hydro, thermal and nuclear power plants. Energy shortage and limited fuel resources with increasing acuteness show the inevitability of transition to non-traditional, alternative energy sources. They are eco-friendly, renewable, based on the energy of the Sun and the Earth [2].
The relevance and importance of the early transition to alternative sources of energy can be seen in several ways:
• global-ecological: today the fact of harmful influence of traditional energy-extracting technologies (including nuclear and thermonuclear) on the environment is well known and proved; their application inevitably leads to catastrophic climate change in the first decades of the XXI century.
• political: the country that will be the first to develop fully alternative energy is able to claim the world championship and actually dictate the prices for fuel resources;
• economic: the transition to alternative technologies in the energy sector will make it possible to preserve the country's fuel resources for processing in chemical and other industries. In addition, the cost of energy produced by many alternative sources is already lower than the cost of energy from traditional sources, and the payback period for the construction of alternative power plants is much shorter.
• social: the number and density of population are constantly growing. There are well-known facts of growth of oncological and other serious diseases in the areas of location of enterprises of fuel and energy complex, harm caused by giant plants is well known - all this increases social tension.
• evolutionary-historical: due to the limited fuel resources on Earth, as well as the exponential growth of catastrophic changes in the atmosphere and biosphere of the planet, the existing traditional energy sector seems to be a dead end; for the evolutionary development of society it is necessary to begin immediately a gradual transition to alternative energy sources [3].
More than 80% of the world's geological reserves of fossil fuels are accounted by coal, which is becoming less and less popular. According to experts' data, in the middle of the XXI century oil and natural gas production will begin to decrease: their share in the fuel and energy balance will decrease from 66.6 % to 20 % . Thus, neither fossil fuels nor hydropower can solve energy problems in the long run. As for nuclear energy, all known reserves of uranium suitable for reactors operating on thermal neutrons will be exhausted in the second decade of the XXI century.
So-called unconventional energy sources include: the Earth's heat (geothermal energy), the Sun (including wind, sea, sea, sea and ocean heat), as well as "small" hydropower: sea tides and tides, biogas, heat pump units and other energy converters. But only renewable energy sources can provide a real alternative to traditional technologies today and in the future. The total amount of solar energy reaching the Earth's surface is 6.7 times greater than the world's organic fuel potential. The use of only
0.5. of this stock could fully cover the world's energy needs for millennia. Thus, the potential of solar radiation and wind energy is in principle sufficient for the needs of energy consumption, both in the country and in the regions, the disadvantages of these types of energy can be attributed to the instability and irregularity of distribution over the territory, so the use of solar and wind energy requires, as a rule, the accumulation of thermal, electrical or chemical. However, it is possible to create a complex of power plants, which would give energy directly to the unified energy system, which would give huge reserves for continuous energy consumption. The most stable source of energy can be geothermal energy.
In conclusion, the use of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly important worldwide. In contrast to oil, coal or gas, they are virtually inexhaustible, accessible and environmentally friendly. In addition, most developed countries have public programmes for the development and support of alternative energy. However, the pervasiveness of clean energy is hampered by the huge financial costs and, to date, the lower efficiency of alternative energy sources than traditional ones [1].
References / Список литературы
1. Umurzakova G.R., Mukhtorov D.N., Mukhammadzhonov M.Sh. PREIMUSHCHESTVA AL'TERNATIVNYKH ISTOCHNIKOV ENERGII // Vestnik nauki i obrazovaniya, 2019. № 19-3 (73). [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/preimuschestva-alternativnyh-istochnikov-energii/ (date of access: 03.12.2019).
2. Jaloldinova N.D., Sultonov R.A. Renewable sources of energy advantages end disadvantages // Zhurnal « Dostizheniya nauki i obrazovaniya».№ 8-3 (49). 2019. S. 26-28. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/renewable-sources-of-energy-advantages-and-disadvantages/ (date of access: 03.12.2019).
3. Usmonov Sh.Yu. Frequency-Controlled Asynchronous Electric Drive with Extreme Control for Fan Load // International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. India, 2017. Volume 4. Issue 10, Pages: 4633-4642. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9dcd/bbd04bdf8bdb97938528d640fb8258d7a36e.pdf/ (date of access: 03.12.2019).
4. Norkhozhayeva N.N., Kamalov N. Issledovaniye asinkhronnykh rezhimov sinkhronnykh dvigateley // Problemy Nauki, 2019. № 11-2 (144). S. 24-26. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/issledovanie-asinhronnyh-rezhimov-sinhronnyh-dvigateley/ (date of access: 03.12.2019).
