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6Abstracts Nationwide scientific forum of students with international participation «STUDENT SCIENCE - 2020»
Actualité: l'utilisation du placebo répond à un réel besoin des professionnels afin d'optimiser le confort du patient, de le rassurer, voire de trouver une solution alternative en cas d'échec thérapeutique. Le placebo est réservé à une pratique médicale de confort et non à une pratique médicale d'urgence car il est sans garantie de résultat et peut avoir des effets indésirables[1,2].
la majorité des professionnels « croit » en l'effet placebo, mais se considèrent cependant insuffisamment informés et formés à son utilisation.
But: observation des avantages et des inconvénients de placebo, informer les futures médecines
Résultat: l'analyse montre qu'en moyenne, 65% des professionnels utilisent des placebos. Ils sont principalement administrés en cas d'insomnie (63%), de douleur (54%) et/ou d'anxiété (48%). la voie d'administration la plus courante est la voie orale (71%) — plus particulièrement sous la forme de gélule (61%) — la voie injectable représente 6% des cas. les couleurs dominantes sont le rouge (26%), le blanc (23%) ou le bleu (16%). les placebos sont le plus souvent administrés la nuit, dans 65. le patient n'est presque jamais informé qu'il reçoit un placebo (86%)[2].
la majorité des professionnels qui ont participé à l'étude, qu'ils soient utilisateurs (61%) ou non utilisateurs (51%) de placebo, considèrent qu'il représente un traitement efficace. Plus de la moitié des utilisateurs pensent que donner un placebo n'influence pas la relation entre soignant et soigné, alors que les non-utilisateurs sont plus partagés. une grande majorité des professionnels se considèrent insuffisamment informés. une grande proportion de professionnels « croient » en l'effet placebo (87%)
Matériaux et méthodes: le questionnaire en ligne via un lien internet sur le site du premier congrès par la Fédération française de médecine polyvalente
Conclusion: 61% des professionnels utilisent le placebo, 51% ne l'utilisent pas. la majorité des professionnels de santé hospitaliers déclarent être insuffisamment informés. la forme la plus fréquemment utilisée de placebo est une gélule rouge, administrée par voie orale, prescrit principalement la nuit.
Sources
1. https: //www.medecinesciences.org/fr/articles/medsci/full_html/2019/08/msc190085/msc190085. html.
2. Rief W, Bingel u, schedlowski M, Enck P. Mechanisms involved in placebo and nocebo responses and implications for drug trials.
problems of legal regulation of organ and tissue transplantation in Russian federation and other countries
Zviagintseva S.
scientific supervisors: Alexander Zinovievich Ukhshtangof, Ph. D.,
Department of Humanitues and Bioethics;
Irena lvovna Galfanovich, senior lecturer,
Department of Foreign languages
saint-Petersburg state Pediatric medical university
Contact information: stefaniia Zviagintseva — second-year student, Pediatric faculty. e-mail: stef07ms@mail.ru Key words: organ transplantation, biomaterial, legal regulation.
Research Relevance: nowadays problems of transplantology are getting more relevant. This field of medicine is directly related to abuse and crime associated with finding a donor organ. This is due to some gaps in the national and international legal regulations. Today the social danger of blackmarket of donor organs is growing, while proper state laws are lacking in this area provoking the transplant biomaterial deficiency.
objective: to study the legal problems of organ and tissues transplantation in Russia and some major countries and to review existing ways of solving them.
FORCIPE
VOL. 3 SUPPLEMENT 2020
ISSN 2658-4174
Материалы всероссийского научного форума студентов с международным участием «СТУДЕНЧЕСКАЯ НАУКА - 2020» 277
Materials and Methods: analysis of Organs and Tissues Transplantation Acts in Russia and some other countries: Transplants of Human Organs and (or) Tissues Act of Russian Federation (22 December 1992), Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (1997 r.), Declaration on Human Organ Transplantation (1997), p.2 art. 105 CCRF, jurisprudence of the ECHR [3].
Results: the problem of organ and tissue harvesting from a donor is considered depending on whether the donor is a living or dead person. According to legislation of the Russian Federation, only a recipient's relative can act as a living donor. The prerequisite for both sides is voluntary informed consent for transplantation [2]. Now the most common type of donation is organ and tissue harvesting from a corpse. This type of donation is associated with a number of ethical and legal problems, among which the most important are: the problem of stating a person's death, the problem of voluntary expression of donation of one's own organs for transplantation after the death, admissibility of using the human body as a source of organs and tissues for transplantation from the religion standpoint. Solutions to these problems are reflected in a number of ethical and legal documents of the international and confessional level. Transplants of Human Organ and (or) Tissues Act of Russian Federation is based on the principle of the presumption of consent. Thus, organ harvesting is allowed if the deceased person or his relatives did not express their disagreement.The principle of presumption is in force in the USA, according to which the human organs without his legally registered consent is unacceptable. P.2 art. 105 CCRF regulates illegal removing of human organs and tissues. Classified principle is knowingly using the helpless condition of the person. But the law does not criminalize a surgeon, member of a criminal group [1].
Conclusion: the above problems solution is needed by regulation of organ and tissues removal from a human cadaver through the relevant legislative acts. It is necessary to increase criminal liability for the surgeon, participant of a criminal group. References
1. Gilfanova A.S., Latypova E.Yu. "Transplants of human organs and tissues as a crime in the sphere of medical activity" — Kazan, "Cognition", 2013. p. 456.
2. Transplants of Human Organ and (or) Tissues Act of Russian Federation (22 December 1992 № 4180-1 with amendments 24 May 2000) // Shamov I.A. "Biomedical Ethics". M.: Medicine, 2006. p. 207.
3. Convention for the Protection of Human Rights in the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, Oviedo, 4 April 1997.
секция инфекционных заболеваний у детей..
задержка внутриутробного развития по гипопластическому типу, ассоциированного с врожденной цитомегаловирусной инфекцией (клиническое наблюдение)
Басина Р. М., Рутковский Л. И., Хисамутдинова М. В.
Научный руководитель: ассистент Федорова Анна Владимировна
Кафедра инфекционных заболеваний у детей имени профессора М.Г. Данилевича
Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет
Контактная информация: Басина Раиса Михайловна — студентка 6 курса педиатрического факультета. E-mail: raisbasina@mail .ru
Ключевые слова: новорожденные, цитомегаловирусная инфекция, задержка внутриутробного развития, неонатальная инфекция, torch-инфекция.
FORCIPE
ТОМ 3 СПЕЦВЫПУСК 2020
elSSN 2658-4182
