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Sotvoldiev E. assistant
Andijan Institute of agriculture and agrotechnology
PROBLEMS OF IMPROVING AGROCLUSTER ENTERPRISES AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE NETWORK IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. Providing the population of Uzbekistan with food products and ensuring economic growth through the export of fruits and vegetables to the world market is one of the pressing issues of our time. This article reveals the importance of the development of fruit and vegetable growing and viticulture in our country, including in the Andijan region, and the features of improving the management system in the activities of enterprises of the fruit and vegetable cluster in this area, and also emphasizes the importance of regulatory documents for the development of the industry and the importance of the ongoing work
Key words: economy and agricultural sector, integration, fruits and vegetables, food security, exports, investments, cluster, greenhouses, farmers, leasing, lending, financial support.
In Uzbekistan, the direction that gives the closest and fastest results to the lifestyle of our people while constantly improving the welfare of the population is the organization of high-income intensive production in agriculture. Taking into account the need to use our existing potential to the fullest and to get a correspondingly large income, this sector has been reforming in our country in recent years.
These include PF-5388 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 29, 2018 "On additional measures for the rapid development of fruit and vegetable growing in the Republic of Uzbekistan" and PF-5388 dated October 23, 2019 "On approval of the strategy for the development of agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020-2030" Decrees No. 5853 and PQ-3978 dated October 17, 2018 "On additional measures to increase the efficiency of the export of fruit and vegetable products to foreign markets" and March 14, 2019 "On measures to develop agricultural cooperation in the field of fruit and vegetable production" gi PQ-4239 decisions can be cited.
As a result of this, the level of supplying the products prepared as a result of processing of raw materials to the world markets is increasing. For example, in 2020, 1.5 million tons or more than 60 types of fruit and vegetable products worth 1.1 billion dollars were exported to 65 countries of the world. In this, the role of fruit and vegetable growing and homestead service clusters is comparable. While the trade of fruit and vegetable products in the world market is 205 billion dollars, our share is less than one percent. Therefore, it was planned to increase the export of fruits and vegetables to 2.5 billion dollars this year, and to 5 billion dollars by
2023, by introducing foreign innovative experiences into the industry and increasing the cultivation of non-traditional exportable fruit and vegetable products.
During the 9th month of 2021, 1067.1 thousand tons of fruit and vegetable products were exported in the amount of 624.9 million US dollars in our republic, while in the same period of 2022, the export of products in the amount of 1235.8 thousand tons or 760.2 million US dollars was achieved. increased by +15.8% and +21.7% respectively compared to the same period.
The main import receiving countries are Russia 379.9 thousand tons 337.2 million US dollars, Kazakhstan 517.4 thousand tons 159.4 million US dollars, China 61.0 thousand tons, 51.9 million US dollars, Pakistan 20, It was achieved to send 7 thousand tons of products in the amount of 48.7 million US dollars. Fruit and vegetable products were also delivered to countries such as Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran, and Azerbaijan.
11 thousand 932 hectares of land in Andijan region were attached to agroclusters specializing in fruit and vegetable growing. As a result, in 2020, the primary processing of 62,900 tons of fruits and vegetables and storage of 27,200 tons of products in freezers became possible in the agrocluster system. As a result of the implementation of new projects planned in 2021, the possibility of primary processing of 71,900 tons of products, storage of 33,800 tons of products in freezers and year-round supply to the population was created.
409,426 million soums are required for the production and purchase of products for agroclusters specialized in fruit and vegetable growing in the province, 286,652 million soums for the establishment of intensive gardens and vineyards, and 42,197 million soums for starting processing and storage facilities. Funds are made from internal resources and bank loans.
were approved by the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to develop horticulture, viticulture and greenhouses within the framework of family entrepreneurship support programs" dated January 30, 2020 No. 52., construction of greenhouses and provision of them to residents on the basis of lease and credit terms are being provided on the basis of lease and credit terms.
Table 1 indicators of formation of fruit and vegetable cluster enterprises in
Andijan region (2022)
Year s Agro- cluster number Total fruit and vegetable area, hectares Including hectares attached to agrocluster from that Coverage in % of total land area
in the agrocluster itself In farms
the numb er Area, hectare
2019 16 27441 10858 1384 1316 9115 39.5
2022 4 8238 1958 584 212 1733 23.7
Total: 20 35679 12816 1968 1528 10848 35.9
As can be seen from the data of the given table, the number of agroclusters specialized in fruit and vegetable growing in Andijan region in 2019-2022 reached
20, and the cultivated area attached to them was 12,816 hectares, of which the cultivated area in the balance of agroclusters was 1,968 hectares.
Table 2. Indicators of fruit-vegetable and grape cultivation in Andijan _region_
t/r Indicators Unit of measure 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021.
1 Fruits and berries tons 568 7 06 606 053 633 364 634 048 657 480
sh.j.-seed tons 265,086 308 6 02 302 356 303 794 x
- grainy tons 227 777 216 586 249 719 229 386 x
- nutty tons 18,722 28 255 28,975 41 604 x
- subtropical tons 55 380 50,982 46 804 54,079 x
- berries tons 1 345 407 1 568 1 916 x
2 Vegetable tons 1478 128 1570 917 1596 891 1 611 054 1 645 197
3 Grapes tons 78 849 71 247 77 630 76 817 80,896 _
As can be seen from the table, in Andijan region in 2017-2021, fruit and berry production increased from 568,706 tons to 657,480 tons or 115.6 percent, vegetable production increased from 1,478,128 tons to 1,645,197 tons, or 111.3 percent, and grape production increased from 78,849 tons to 80,896 tons or increased to 102.6 percent.
At the same time, the analysis of the agroclusters operating in practice shows that there are the following systemic problems in the field:
• We believe that it is appropriate to adopt a single normative legal document regulating agroclusters and establish the legal status of clusters;
• The need to improve the establishment of agroclusters, their selection criteria, as well as uniform and transparent mechanisms for allocating land to them;
• The need to improve the system of formation of agroclusters in Uzbekistan based on foreign practice and the need to widely introduce the system of information and advisory services in the agricultural sector, the need to attract competent and qualified specialists to strengthen the development of the sector;
• We believe that it is appropriate to establish mutual cooperation relations and implement free contractual relations in the agro -customer system, to improve management using the experiences of world practice in business management.
References:
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3. Approved by the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-60 dated January 28, 2022, intended for 2022 - 2026 " Development strategy of the new Uzbekistan ". lex/uz
4. 2020 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Address to the Oliy Majlis of January 24
5. . "Strategy for the development of agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020 - 2030", approved by the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5853 of October 23, 2019 Lex/uz
6. of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-4549 of December 11, 2019 "On additional measures to further develop the fruit-vegetable and viticulture industry and create an added value chain in the sector". Lex/uz.
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