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UDK: 338,478. 33:5 1
Ergashev R.Khdoctor of economics
professor
Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute
Republic of Uzbekistan
COOPERATION OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND ISSUES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
Annotation. In this article, the issues of fruit and vegetable cooperation and its development, as well as increasing economic efficiency, improving the organizational and economic foundations of fruit and vegetable cooperation, taking into account their wide use in the activities of fruit and vegetable cooperatives agroclusters, farmers andfarms, as well as integration systems, and the population Proposals and recommendations have been developed to satisfy the demand for fruits and vegetables.
Key words: fruits and vegetables, products, cooperation, efficiency, socioeconomic environment, agrocluster, agriculture, food, processing, integration, welcome, population provision, development.
Introduction. In recent years, in our country, issues such as the organizational and economic basis of fruit and vegetable cooperation in expanding the export volume and geography by increasing the competitiveness of agricultural products, including fruit and vegetable products and their storage, have been given urgent importance in our country. Effective implementation of these tasks requires the development of scientific proposals and practical recommendations on fruit and vegetable cooperatives and agroclusters in the conditions of strong competition.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, fruit and vegetable products are grown mainly in the private sector, and 70-80 percent of it is owned by farmers and farms, today the increase in the number of large horticultural business entities leads to increased competition between the private sector of fruit and vegetable growing. In such a system, there are a large number of fruit and vegetable products, which are ripened seasonally and are inconvenient to transport in many cases, and are scattered in terms of location, and in order for small farmers and farms to participate in the competition, it is important for them to join the cooperative. In this regard, a number of organizational, economic and legal foundations are being created in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The regulatory and legal documents specify the procedure for establishing fruit and vegetable cooperatives, their types, forms and legal and economic bases of their activities, conditions for membership in the cooperative and the inclusion of shares, etc. The cooperative of fruit and vegetable products is in the form of a commercial organization established on the basis of voluntary principles by producers of
agricultural goods: farmers, peasant farms and private homestead landowners and farm owners.
The purpose of organizing fruit and vegetable cooperatives is to conduct joint production activities to meet the material and other needs of cooperative members. Mandatory condition is to unite their property shares and personally participate in cooperative activities.
Description of the literature on the topic. Many foreign scientists, especially A.V. Chayanov [1], I.N. Buzdalov [2], T. Buzina [3] and other agrarian economists studied in their scientific works.
In the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the issues of cooperation of fruit and vegetable products were studied in the researches of scientists such as Allakhverdiev A.I.[4], N.V. Ermalinskaya[5], I.I.Chayka[6].
R.M. Khusanov[7], Q.A. Choriev[8], O'.P. Umurzakov[9], N.S. Khushmatov[10] and other scientists from our local scientists studying the common problems of cooperation of fruit and vegetable products in Uzbekistan who conducted scientific research.
In the above studies, the issues of economic efficiency of fruit and vegetable products were considered in detail, the methods of evaluating the level of efficiency, directions and ways of increasing it were studied. However, despite the fact that many problems have been discussed, scientists of fruit-vegetable products cooperation they cannot come to an opinion on the issue of organizational and economic foundations. A more in-depth study of the problem of cooperation of fruit and vegetable products requires a comprehensive economic evaluation of the development reserves of fruit and vegetable processing and storage enterprises and the development of cooperation of fruit and vegetable products. requires reasonable scientific and innovative approaches to organizational and economic foundations.
At the same time, the issues of organizational and economic foundations of fruit and vegetable cooperation are not sufficiently covered. This situation requires the need to conduct scientific research in these directions, and determines the relevance of the research topic.
Research methodology. The cooperation of fruit and vegetable products and its development is unique In the analysis of increasing its economic efficiency based on establishing its main features, organizing the chain from the field to the table, the methods of induction and deduction, systematic analysis, comparative analysis, tables and graphs were used, and the development of proposals and recommendations is considered one of the most important issues of today.
Analysis and results. There is a clear specialization in the cultivation, processing and storage of fruits and vegetables in the regions of our country. Fruits and vegetables are grown, processed and stored in all regions of the republic, depending on the natural and climatic conditions, and there are great opportunities in this regard.
The conducted studies, vegetables in the republic Cultivation amount of 200 for all categories of farms in 5-20 21 years grew up (Table 1). Vegetable products plant fields 200 5 in the year 137.7 thousand hectares instead of 20 21 per year come 235.6 a thousand hectare organize did and these years during growth 171, 1 percent equal to has been Average productivity while suitable respectively 215.8 from a center 308.3 to center increasing common growth It was 142.9 percent. As a result, the grown gross yield amount 2005 year2971.6 a thousand tons instead of 2021, 7363.5 in a thousand tons organize and gross growth was more than 2.5 times.
in the Republic of Uzbekistan is proportionally observed in the Kashkadarya region located in the south of the country. In particular, in 2005, the total vegetable cultivation area in the region was 28,100 hectares, and by 2021, it had increased by 43,200 hectares or 153.7%, while the amount of gross production was 549,300 tons from 1981, respectively. 3 thousand tons or 196.9.0 percent increased. The high rate of growth in the volume of gross product occurred due to the faster growth of crop yields than the growth of cultivated areas. The productivity of vegetable crops in the region compared to the national index in the studied years was in different proportions, mainly after 2005 it decreased by 37.6%.
Table 1. Vegetable cultivation by the Republic and Kashkadarya region
dynamics of changes in indicators
_(in all categories of farms) 15_
Indicators By years In 20 21 years for 20 05 vs., (%)
2005 2010 2015 2017 2018 2019 0202 2020 2 2021 2
According to the republic Sowing area (to thousand) 137.7 173.0 194.1 208.3 209.7 213.6 220.5 235.6 171.1
Gross yield, (thousand tons) 2971.6 6346.4 1028.1 11433.6 6129.5 6481.2 6650.3 7363.5 247.8
Fertility, (c/ha) 215.8 252.5 277.2 297.1 292.3 303.4 301.6 308.3 142.9
in Kashkadarya region Sowing area (to thousand) 28.1 28.6 29.1 34.6 24.6 36.2 38.1 43.2 153.7
Gross yield, (thousand tons) 49.3 59.6 79.1 85.9 34.0 80.1 10.3 1 081.3 19 6.9
Fertility, (c/ha) 195.4 195.6 199.0 198.2 176.4 215.4 212.7 250.3 128.1
Productivity of Kashkadarya %) 90.5 77.5 71.8 66.7 60.3 71.0 7 0.5 81.2 h
15It was developed by the author based on the information of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan .
region to the
Republic indicator -20.4 -56.9 -78.2 -98.9 -115.9 -88,0 - 88.9 - 58.0 p
relatively
Fruit and vegetable products are one of the most necessary products in providing the population with food products. Taking into account the growing population, it is necessary to ensure a constant increase in the volume of production of fruit and vegetable products. It is important to provide the population with fruit and vegetable products at the level of medical standards and to maintain and process the quality of the product. have
The conducted studies show that the productivity indicators of vegetable cultivation in our republic and Kashkadarya region are increasing year by year. The yield of vegetable products in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2021 was 308.3 t/ha, and this indicator increased by 85.8 cents compared to 2005 and amounted to 142.9 percent. In Kashkadarya region, this indicator is 212.7; 17.3 and 250.3. It should be noted that the productivity of vegetable cultivation in Kashkadarya region is low compared to the national indicator, from 20.4 cents/ha to 58.0 cents/ha. Because Kashkadarya region has such an indicator due to soil-climate conditions, water issues in the cultivation of vegetable products.
depend primarily on the convenience of the farmer in the field of sales, storage and processing of products and the stability of the level of demand in the market. Today, these two factors are the main determinants. Because the main fruit -vegetable products can be grown on farmers' farms and tamorka land owners, and the production volume can be increased even at the expense of a small investment. But, at the same time, growing and storing fruit and vegetable products and processing and marketing problems are strong factors leading to a sharp decline in product volume is considered
Our republic also has great opportunities in terms of growing fruits that meet the quality standards of the world market (Table 2.2).
Table 2.2
Fruit cultivation in the Republic of Uzbekistan and Kashkadarya region
Indicators By years In 20 21 years to 2005, (%)
1005 2010 1015 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
According to the Republic of Uzbekistan Crop area, (thousand ha) 208.2 235.3 266.4 284.3 285.1 291.3 299.6 305.8 146.9
Gross yield, (thousand tons) 1297.9 2178.8 3412.8 3735.0 3677.9 3932.5 3996.6 4440.2 342.1
16 It was developed by the author based on the information of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan .
Fertility, (c/ha) 62.3 92.6 128.1 131.4 129.0 135.0 133.4 145.2 233.1
« Sowing area (thousand) 17.3 18.2 19.6 22.1 22.6 23.3 24.6 26.1 150.9
« a -a — £ -i = Gross yield, (thousand tons) 130.9 154.3 160.2 180.1 182.4 227.2 242.6 302.2 230.9
-= o « 'g ¡4 £ Fertility, (c/ha) 75.6 84.7 81.7 81.4 80.7 97.5 98.6 115.8 153.2
Productivity of Kashkadarya region to the republic indicator Relatively (%) 121.35 91.47 63.78 61.95 62.56 72.22 73.91 79.8 X
(+, -) 13.3 -7.9 -46.4 -50 -48.3 -37.5 -34.8 - 29.4 X
As a result of research and analysis, the area of parks has been expanding in our republic over the last fifteen years. In particular, in 2005, there were 208,200 hectares of gardens at the disposal of all categories of farms, and by 2021, the area of gardens was 305,800 hectares, an increase of 146.9 %. During this period, the productivity of orchards increased from 62.3 to 145.2 centners, or 2.3 times, but the results achieved in terms of productivity are not very high. If we take into account the soil and climate fertility of the horticultural areas in the Republic of Uzbekistan, our centuries-old rich experience in the field of fruit growing, experts formed in the field and our scientific potential, we can ensure a harvest of 200 - 250 centners without spending a lot of investments. At the same time, practice shows that it is possible to raise a harvest from 400-500 centners in small gardens.
CONCLUSION.
As a result of the research, the evaluation indicators of fruit and vegetable products consist of five stages, and at each stage, i.e. fruit and vegetable cultivation, fruit and vegetable storage, fruit and vegetable processing, fruit and vegetable sale, and fruit and vegetable cooperation stages, economic efficiency indicators are traditional. and determined in cooperation methods.
The main goal of creating fruit and vegetable cluster cooperatives in our country:
• ensuring rapid and effective development of fruit and vegetable growing;
• expanding the production of high-quality and competitive ready-made fruit and vegetable products;
• expanding the production of high-quality and competitive ready-made fruit and vegetable products.
Today, it is necessary to pay attention to the following in the development of the fruit and vegetable cooperative system in our country. especially:
• implementation on the basis of agreements in the organization of a fruit
and vegetable cluster for the cultivation, processing and export of fruit and vegetable products;
• selection among processing and exporting organizations, based on their experience and capabilities, in which, first of all, to start up unused capacities for storage and processing of products;
• connecting fruit and vegetable producers to fruit and vegetable cooperatives, through voluntary product supply contracts between processing and exporting organizations and the district administration;
• fruit and vegetable cooperatives - regulation of relations between organizations that grow, process and export products through product supply contracts.
References:
1. Chayanov.A.V. Basic ideas and forms of organizing agricultural cooperation. -Moscow. -1927. - 357 b.
2. Buzdalov.I.N. Revival of cooperation. - M.: Economics. - 1990. -81 b.
3. Buzina T.S. Optimization of interaction between participants in regional agro-industrial clusters / T.S. Buzina, Y.M. Ivano. - Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Agrarian University Publishing House, 2015. - 148 p.;
4. Allahverdiev A.I. Development of forms of cooperation in the agricultural sector of the agro-industrial complex. -Moscow: - Economics. -2003. -10 s.
5. N.V. Ermalinskaya, E. A. Kozhevnikov; Cooperation in the agro-industrial complex: textbook. allowance / Belarus, Gomel.: GGTU im. P. O. Sukhoi, 2016. - 191 p.,
6. Chaika I.I., Yu.M. Sapego, Competitive struggle of enterprises is a competition of quality management systems. Standards and quality. - M.: 2016, No. 12;
7. Q.A. Choriev. Involvement of farmers and peasant farms in the process of cooperation. Agroeconomy scientific-practical agrarian economic magazine. -Tashkent. - 2017. - No. 1. - B. 22-30.;
8. O'.P. Umurzakov, S. Eshmatov. (Uzbek) Value chain analysis in fruit and vegetable production. / http://evu.uz/magazine/mevasabzavotchilkda- vaizat-zanj iri-tahlili. html;
9. N.S. Khushmatov. Legal basis of development of cooperation in trade of fruit and vegetable products. Agrarian economy. Bulletin of scientific and practical problems. □/UzBIITI. - 2008. - No. 3-4. - B. 3-7.;
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