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19Для цитирования: Костовинская Е.Н. ПРОБЛЕМА ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ РЕБЕНКА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ = THE PROBLEM OF PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD IN THE MODERN WORLD / Науч. рук. к.ф.н, доцент Э.Р. Айвазов, доцент кафедры иностранных языков Крымского филиала ФЕБОУВО «РЕУП» // Океанский менеджмент. - 2024. - № 1С(23). - С.63-65.
Костовинская Е.Н.,
студентка 3 курса бакалавриата Крымского филиала ФГБОУВО «РГУП»
Научный руководитель: Айвазова Э.Р., доцент кафедры иностранных языков Крымского филиала ФГБОУВО «РГУП», к.ф.н., доцент
ПРОБЛЕМА ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ РЕБЕНКА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ
Аннотация. В статье рассматривается проблема защиты прав детей, в чем она выражается и причины её возникновения. Также исследованы международные нормативно-правовые акты, которые направлены на защиту прав ребенка. Кроме того, анализируются основные принципы защиты прав детей, закрепленные в Конвенции ООН о правах ребенка. Предлагаются пути решения основных проблем в поднимаемой проблеме. Оценивается деятельность неправительственных и международных организаций, защищающих права детей.
Ключевые слова: проблемы, защита, права детей, принципы, международные организации, неправительственные организации, Конвенция ООН о правах ребенка.
THE PROBLEM OF PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD IN THE MODERN WORLD
Abstract. The article examines the problem of protecting the rights of children, in which it is expressed and the reasons for its occurrence. International normative legal acts aimed at protecting the rights of the child have also been studied. In addition, the basic principles of the protection of children's rights enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child are analyzed. The ways of solving the main problems in the problem being raised are proposed. The activities of non-governmental and international organizations protecting children's rights are evaluated.
Keywords: problems, protection, children's rights, principles, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
In the modern world, the problem of protecting the rights of the child remains one of the most urgent. Children are the most vulnerable group of the population and are often victims of various forms of violence, exploitation and discrimination. Therefore, the issue of protecting and ensuring children's rights requires constant attention and the development of effective protection mechanisms.
It is also necessary to note the fact that in the modern world human rights are recognized as the highest social value. Children's rights are an integral, component and indivisible part of universal human rights [9]. The future of every State is the younger generation, and therefore every State faces the task of ensuring and protecting the rights of the child from violations.
The problem of ensuring and protecting the rights of the child is presented in various documents, such as: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1949); the Declaration of the Rights of the Child adopted by the UN General Assembly (1959); the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989); the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children (1990). The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly on November 20, 1989, should be considered in more detail.
It should be noted that the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is an international human rights treaty establishing the civil, political, economic, social, medical and cultural rights of children. Under article 1 of the Convention, a child is any human being under the age of eighteen, unless he has reached the age of majority earlier in accordance with national legislation [3]. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is the first and the main international legal instruments devoted to a broad range of child rights. The Convention on the Rights of the Child became the starting point for the development of both regional conventions on the rights of the child (the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of Children was adopted within the framework of the Organization of African Unity in 1990) and conventions regulating individual rights of the child (for example, the 1993 Convention on Child Protection and Cooperation in Respect of International Adoption) [9].
The Convention also enshrines four general principles. The first principle is non-discrimination (article 2): States Parties must ensure that all children under their jurisdiction can exercise their rights. None of the children should be discriminated against. The second principle is the best interests of the child (article 3): When public authorities make decisions affecting children, the best interests of the child should be given priority. The third principle is the right to life, survival and development (article 6): The provisions of the article on the right to life include the right to survival and development, which must be ensured "to the maximum extent possible". And the last principle is the views of the child (article 12): Children should be given the right to freely express their views on all issues affecting them, and the views of the child should be given due attention "in accordance with the age and maturity of the child." This principle presupposes that children have the right to be heard and their views seriously taken into account, including in any judicial or administrative proceedings affecting their interests [2].
Despite the existence of many international and national regulations aimed at protecting the rights of the child, problems in the field of protecting children's rights still exist.
Moreover, it is assumed that it is possible to classify violations of children's rights into the following
groups:
1. Child labor: many children are forced to work in dangerous and low-paid jobs, losing the opportunity to get an education and a full-fledged childhood. Of the 2.2 billion children in the world, 600 million live in extreme poverty. This means that one in four children lives on less than 1 euro per day [6].
2. Violence against children: Physical, psychological and sexual violence against children continues to be a widespread problem in many countries.
3. Discrimination: Children may face discrimination based on race, gender, religion disability, or social
status.
4. Lack of access to education: Many children do not have access to quality education due to poverty, conflict, or lack of schools in their neighborhoods. Despite great progress in school enrolment in many parts of the world, more than 175 million children are not enrolled in pre-primary education, missing a critical investment opportunity and suffering deep inequalities from the start [8].
5. Refugees and children left without care: Children left without parental care or forced to flee due to conflicts or disasters often find themselves in a vulnerable position and deprived of the protection of their rights.
It should also be noted that over the past 16 years, the United Nations has verified 266,000 cases of serious violations of children's rights in more than 30 conflict situations in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. These are only cases verified through the UN-led Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism, established in 2005 to systematically document the most egregious violations of children's rights in conflict zones. The real numbers will be much higher [5].
In order to ensure comprehensive protection of children's rights, it is necessary:
1. Ensure access to quality education for all children, regardless of their social status or place of residence. Education is a key social and cultural right and plays an important role in reducing poverty and child labour. Furthermore, education promotes democracy, peace, tolerance, development and economic growth [7].
2. Create laws and control mechanisms that would protect children from exploitation and violence.
3. To conduct educational programs on the rights of the child for parents, teachers, law enforcement agencies and the public.
4. To support and protect refugees and children left without care by providing them with the necessary assistance and protection.
5. Create conditions for children's participation in public life and decision-making, taking into account their opinions and interests.
6. Develop programs to combat discrimination and create equal opportunities for all children.
7. To support and develop international treaties and conventions on the rights of the child, ensuring their implementation at the State level.
It is also worth noting that in the modern world, the rights of the child are protected through various international organizations. Governments, non-governmental organizations and social movements. Nongovernmental organizations not only have a voice in monitoring the CRC, but also contribute to implementing children's rights through their daily work and practice [4]. These organizations are working to create laws aimed at protecting children's rights, conducting educational programs and campaigns to raise awareness of child rights, as well as providing assistance and support to children in vulnerable situations. In addition to the above, they also monitor and report on violations of children's rights, and work with Governments to improve legislation and practices regarding the protection of children's rights.
International child rights organizations are organizations that work internationally to protect the rights of children around the world. In addition, international organizations for children's rights are working to draw attention to children's problems on the world stage and support the development of international standards in the field of child rights protection. There are the following international organizations dedicated to the protection of children's rights around the world: ECPAT International, CRIN, DCI, PLAN International, Save the Children, UNICEF, World Vision and others [1].
Analyzing all of the above, the following conclusion can be drawn: the problem of protecting the rights of the child requires an integrated approach and joint efforts on the part of the state, public organizations, international organizations and each individual. It is important to remember that by protecting the rights of children, society provides them with security, access to education, health care, protection from violence, exploitation and discrimination. It also contributes to the formation of a healthy society based on respect for the rights of everyone, regardless of age. Thus, the protection of the rights of the child is the key to the well-being of society as a whole.
Reference bibliographic list:
1. 10 Organizations defending children's human rights [Electronic resource] URL: https:/AA^^humarirightscareersxom/magazine/organizations-defending-child-rights/. Access date: 04.12.2023.
2. An important milestone in ensuring the rights of children [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.un.org/ru/rights/children/landmark.shtml. Access date: 06.12.2023.
3. Convention on the Rights of the Child [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.ohchr.org/eiVinstmments-mechanisms/uistmments/convention-riglits-child. Access date: 06.12.2023.
4. Democracy and Human Dignity. Manual for Human Rights Education with Young people. Human Rights Themes Children [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.coe.int/en/web/compass/children. Access date: 12.11.2023.
5. Grave violations of children's rights in conflict on the rise around the world, wams UNICEF [EN/AR] [Electronic resource] URL: https://rehefweb.uit/report/world/grave-violations-children-s-rights-conflict-rise-aiound-world-wanis-unicef-enar. Access date: 28.11.2023.
6. State of the World's Children 2008 [Electronic resource] URL: www.unicef.org/sowc08/docs/sowc08.pdf. Access date: 28.10.2023.
7. The Right to an Education is one of the most important principles in becoming a Rights Respecting School [Electronic resource] URL: https:/Avw\v.unicef. org.uk/rights-respectuig-schools/the-iTsa/the-right-to-educatioii/. Access date: 28.11.2023.
8. The UN agency for children. State of the World's Children [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/children. Access date: 01.12.2023.
9. Логачева, H. Д. Этапы формирования современной системы международно-правовой зашиты прав детей. Москва: Буки-Веда, 2015. С. 252-256.
Для цитирования: Дробот С.А. К ВОПРОСУ О ПРАВОВОЙ ПОЗИЦИИ КОРОЛЕВСТВА ДАНИИ В СФЕРЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ДЕТЕЙ = CONCERNING THE QUESTION OF THE LEGAL POSITION OF THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK IN THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS / Науч. рук. к.ф.н, доцент Э.Р. Айвазов, доцент кафедры иностранных язьжов Крымского филиала ФГБОУВО «РГУП» // Океанский менеджмент. - 2024. - № 1С(23). - С.65-69.
Дробот С.А.,
студентка 2 курса бакалавриата Крымского филиала ФГБОУВО «РГУП»
Научный руководитель: Айвазова Э.Р., доцент кафедры иностранных языков Крымского филиала ФГБОУВО «РГЪП», к.ф.н., доцент
К ВОПРОСУ О ПРАВОВОЙ ПОЗИЦИИ КОРОЛЕВСТВА ДАНИИ В СФЕРЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ
И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ДЕТЕЙ
Аннотация: В данной статье рассматривается социальная политика Королевства Дании по защите прав детей, а также ее соответствие политике ООН. Каждый ребенок независимо от его особенностей нуждается в защите от посягательств на его права и свободы. Таким образом, дети являются неокрепшими и не полностью дееспособными, однако полноправными и ценными единицами общества, поэтому надлежащую охрану их детства призваны обеспечить социальные институты, в частности, органы Королевства Дании как предметы исследования, а также международные организации, программы и принципы которых раскрываются в последующем статье.
Ключевые слова: Королевство Дания (Дания), ООН, Конвенция, защита, ребенок, права, родители, родительский.
CONCERNING THE QUESTION OF THE LEGAL POSITION OF THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK IN THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS
Abstract: This article examines the social policy of the Kingdom of Denmark on the protection of children's rights and its compliance with the UN policy. Every child, irrespective of his or her characteristics, needs to be protected from infringements of his or her rights and freedoms. Thus, children are immature and not fully capable, but full-fledged and valuable units of society, so the proper protection of their childhood is to be ensured by social institutions, in particular the bodies of the Kingdom of Denmark as the subjects of the study, as well as international organizations, whose programmers and principles arc disclosed in the subsequent article.
Keywords: The Kingdom of Denmark (Denmark), UN, The Convention, protection, child, rights, parents, parental.
«The best way to make children good is to make them happy» - Oscar Wilde, a poet and playwright with Danish roots. Today children are incapable citizens in need with comprehensive protection, but tomorrow they are the new generation that will lead the whole society, and its path depends entirely on us.
The Kingdom of Demnark, as a welfare state, according to the UN, gives a special importance to the current agenda for our nation and the world at large.
It is worth mentioning to emphasize our country's position that Demnark adopted the Social Security Act in 1947, established a national committee on the rights of the child in 1994 as an independent body which task was to ensure the protection of the rights and interests of the child, to inform the government about the situation of children in the whole society [2]. Certainly, Denmark was one of the first countries to ratify the key act for today's meeting - the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention between Demnark, Finland,
