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26PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCES
PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY IN THE AREA OF EDUCATION
Jumaniyazova N.
Tashkent State University of Transport, PhD
Abstract
This article examines the education policy of Uzbekistan and its principles. The issues of international relations and education promotion are analyzed. Attention is paid to the existing problems in this area.
Keywords: higher education, law on education, concept, competitive specialist, principles, international rating.
The system of education and personnel training, which developed before the proclamation of independence in Uzbekistan, absolutely did not correspond to the essence of the democratic reforms that began to be carried out in the republic. Fundamental reforms were also caused by the crisis in the world education system that arose back in the 80s of the last century.
A democratic and developing state headed by the president was well aware that hopes for the future were associated with the younger generation, so the head of state proposed a program to the people and society that would radically reform the entire education system.
In full accordance with the National Program for the Training of Personnel, education in the country is implemented in the following forms: preschool, general secondary, specialized secondary, vocational education, higher, post-university education, qualifications and retraining of personnel, extra-school education.
The main feature of the program is the continuity of education. Each person has the opportunity to gain knowledge, professional skills and specialties throughout his life. This program creates an effective mechanism of the educational system, in which the main components are present:
• formation of a free-thinking person, his moral, spiritual and physical development;
• respect for the individual, disclosure of creativity and abilities;
• progressive training, obtaining professional skills and full self-realization of the individual in life.
A characteristic feature of the National Program for Personnel Training is the introduction of a system of continuing education of compulsory levels:
• nine-year general secondary and
• three-year secondary specialized, vocational education.
These two stages ensure the continuity of the transition from general education to professional programs.
In recent years, large-scale work has been carried out in Uzbekistan to modernize the system of higher and secondary specialized education, develop science, and introduce modern forms and technologies of education.
Based on the needs of the real sector of the economy and the social sphere, over the past period, new universities have been established in the regions of the country, including branches of leading foreign higher educational institutions, modern levels of education
have been introduced, personnel training has been established in the demanded areas of undergraduate education and magistracy specialties.
To date, within the framework of the implementation of the Action Strategy for five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021, special attention is paid to expanding the coverage of youth in higher education, improving the quality of education, strengthening the material and technical base of higher educational institutions. Expanding cooperation with foreign universities plays an important role in achieving the set goals.
Currently, more than 100 universities operating in our country train highly qualified personnel. Branches of leading universities of the USA, Great Britain, Italy, South Korea, Russia, Singapore, India carry out effective activities in Uzbekistan. Moreover, together with financial institutions and developed countries of the world, a number of projects in the field of higher education are being successfully implemented.
For the successful implementation of reforms in the field, in July of this year, a Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to reform management in the field of higher and secondary specialized education" was adopted. The document pays special attention to the organization of the educational process in accordance with international practice of introducing new pedagogical education technologies and teaching methods, improving curricula and subject programs, qualitatively updating the educational process with the introduction of modern forms of education and information and communication technologies, as well as optimizing the directions of education. and specialties, taking into account the needs of the development of economic sectors, scientific and social spheres, the organization of students' practice at industrial and other enterprises [1].
In higher education, a full transition to a two-level system has been made: bachelor's and master's degrees. Bachelor's degree is one of the areas of obtaining basic higher education. Master's degree - higher specialized education in a specific specialty, which lasts for two years on the basis of a bachelor's degree. Education is proclaimed a priority in the field of social development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The main principles of state policy in the field of education are:
• humanistic, democratic character of education and upbringing;
• continuity and continuity of education;
• compulsory general secondary, as well as secondary specialized, vocational education;
• voluntary choice of the direction of secondary specialized, vocational education: academic lyceum or vocational college;
• general availability of education within the limits of state educational standards;
• unity and differentiation of approach to the choice of training programs;
• encouragement of education and talent;
• combination of state and public administration in the education system.
Everyone is guaranteed equal rights to receive education, regardless of gender, language, age, race, nationality, beliefs, attitude to religion, social origin, occupation, social status, place of residence, duration of residence in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan [2]. The right to education is ensured:
• development of state and non-state educational institutions;
• organization of on-the-job and on-the-job training;
• free training under state education and training programs, as well as paid
• professional training in educational institutions on a contractual basis;
• equal rights of graduates of all types of educational institutions when entering educational institutions of the next level;
• granting the right to citizens who have received education in a family or through self-education, to attestation as an external student in accredited educational institutions.
Citizens of other states have the right to receive education in the Republic of Uzbekistan in accordance with international treaties.
Stateless persons living in the republic have equal rights with citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan to receive education [2]. The President of Uzbekistan approved a document that will completely change the education system in the republic. About what awaits students and teachers in the foreseeable future. Shavkat Mirziyoyev approved the "Concept for the development of the public education system of Uzbekistan until 2030", as well as the "road map" for the current year. The document speaks not only of sore problems, but also suggests ways of solving them [3]. By 2030, Uzbekistan intends to enter the top 30 countries in the world according to the rating of the PISA International Program for Assessment of Educational Achievements of Students. For this, the republic will carry out a cardinal reform of the educational sphere.
At the same time, there is an acute shortage of teachers in mountainous and desert areas. There are no benefits for students from remote areas, leaving these areas without qualified personnel.
Among the problems is corruption in admission to schools and universities, as well as directly in the learning process. This is especially important given the recent decision of the President to transfer the country to 11-year education, which implies the creation of thousands of additional student places.
At the same time, school gyms and playgrounds are not equipped with the necessary equipment, and the classrooms lack furniture, laboratory equipment and computers. More than 1,700 schools in remote areas are even heated with homemade stoves. Hence the next task facing the management - the creation of an effective and transparent system of financing. According to the document, most of the funds are spent on teachers' salaries, and almost nothing remains for updating equipment and repairing. In addition, there is a low level of use of IT technologies, which leads to unnecessary bureaucracy and increased costs.
First of all, the system of teacher training will be completely revised and the quality of manuals will be improved. Students will be allowed to use foreign textbooks as supplementary or alternative material. The schedule of classes will also change significantly - there will be fewer subjects, and the rest will be divided into "compulsory" and "optional". This approach will allow students to practice taking into account their interests and needs. Upon graduation, graduates will have an education that meets international standards and the needs of society. Information technologies will take an important place in the education system. Textbooks will be converted into electronic format, and libraries will have QR codes for downloading books to mobile devices. Some tutorials will even have their own multimedia applications. To ensure that the digitalization of education is safe and does not disrupt the educational process, all schools will be united into a single network and have access only to authorized sites, and a bio-metric system (ID card, NFC tag and others) will be introduced to control attendance.
Transformation will also improve the lives of children with disabilities. Schools and universities will be equipped with ramps, handrails and lifting devices, as well as equipment for teaching various professions and special literature. In addition, educational institutions will introduce programs to prevent violence among students based on the best practices of developed countries. To teach is to learn doubly. Teachers make up 25% of all graduates of Uzbekistan, which makes this specialization one of the most widespread. Unfortunately, it is increasingly losing its attractiveness in the eyes of the younger generation. 5.2 million children study in the secondary school program. The programs of future teachers include subjects that do not carry a semantic load, and outdated textbooks and formal practice have a negative impact on their professionalism. At the same time, experienced teachers may not always be able to get a job at a school or university. There are cases when masters of their craft do not pass certification due to insufficient knowledge of a computer or English. As a result, today the republic lacks specialists in such important subjects as mathematics, physics, chemistry, computer science, English and other foreign languages. The concept proposes a qualitative change in the training and retraining program. Future teachers will master the latest teaching theories, psychology, and student-centered approaches.
To increase motivation, it is proposed to gradually increase wages and strengthen social protection, and for applicants from remote areas where teachers are
needed, quotas for preferential admission will be established. Over time, it is planned to increase the number of teachers with a master's degree [4].
The United States of America (USA) is ready to cooperate with Uzbekistan in the field of public education. This was stated by Richard Stoddard, a senior adviser at the Office of the Coordinator of American Aid to the US State Department, during a meeting with the leadership of the Ministry of Public Education. Note that the Ministry of Public Education of Uzbekistan and the United States signed an agreement on development goals in the amount of $ 50 million on September 28, 2019. The amount will be allocated within 5 years.
This is the first comprehensive bilateral development grant agreement between the governments of the United States and Uzbekistan, which outlines the long-term commitment of the United States to supporting progress in education. During the meeting, Richard Stoddard noted that education is one of the long-term
areas of cooperation between the two countries. According to him, the United States is ready to continue to support the reform of the education system [5]. If you do not change the teaching methodology in schools, neither the quality of education, nor the content, nor the environment will change," said Shavkat Mirziyoyev.
References
1. www.lex.uz. April 29, 2020, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Decree. No. UP-5987
2. http ://www. moymir. uz/obrazovanie. html
3. www.lex.uz. Shavkat Mirziyoyev approved the "Concept for the development of the public education system of Uzbekistan until 2030".
4. https://uz.sputniknews.ru/Uzbeki-stan/20190430/11398330/ID-karty-i-pred mety-po-vy-boru-kak-izmenitsya-obrazovanie-v-Uzbekistane.html
5. https://www.uzedu.uz/ru/aqsh-hamkorlik-davom-etadi
О ПОСТРОЕНИИ ТРАДИЦИОННОЙ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНОЙ СИЛЛОГИСТИКИ ТИС-25КО ИЗ КОНТРАДИКТОРНЫХ ОТРИЦАНИЙ УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНЫХ И ИНДИФФЕРЕНТНЫХ СУЖДЕНИЙ СОВЕРШЕННОЙ СИЛЛОГИСТИКИ ТИС-50
Сидоренко О.И.
Кандидат физико-математических наук, главный конструктор, Общество с ограниченной ответственностью научно-производственное предприятие «Анфас»,
Саратов, Россия
ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE TRADITIONAL INTEGRAL SYLLOGISTIC TIS-25CN FROM THE COUNTERDICTOR NEGATIVES OF THE AFFIRMATIVE AND INDIFFERENT JUDGMENTS
OF THE PERFECT SYLLOGISTIC TIS-50
Sidorenko O.
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, chief designer, Society with Limited Liability Scientific-production Enterprise «Anfas»,
Russia, Saratov,
Аннотация
Построена традиционная интегральная силлогистика ТИС-25КО из одних только контрадикторных отрицаний утвердительных и индифферентных суждений совершенной силлогистики ТИС-50, все сильные правильные модусы которой впервые представлены в явном виде. При построении использован предложенный автором ранее семантический метод вычисления результирующих отношений.
Abstract
The traditional integral syllogistic TIS-25KO is constructed from only the counterdictor negatives of the affirmative and indifferent judgments of the perfect syllogistic TIS-50, all the strong correct modes of which are presented explicitly for the first time. The semantic method of calculating the resulting relations, proposed by the author earlier, was used in the construction.
Ключевые слова: силлогизм, интегральная силлогистика, результирующие отношения, решение силлогизмов, построение силлогистик.
Keywords: syllogism, integral syllogistic, resulting relations, solution of syllogisms, constructing syllogis-
tics.
Введение. Силлогистика как исторически первый раздел науки логики создана великим древнегреческим мыслителем Аристотелем более 2000 лет назад. В то время это была единственная силлогистическая система из четырех категорических суждений с логическими формами, получившими обозначения А, Е, I, О, c 19-ю сильными правильными
модусами силлогизма, в которых заключение следует из истинных посылок с необходимостью при любых конкретных терминах [1]. В базисном множестве суждений Аристотеля два суждения: а именно Е и О являются отрицательными с частицей «не» перед связкой в логической форме суждения. В указанной силлогистике из двух отрицательных
