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PRINCIPLES FOR THE SELECTION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Makhmudova Zulhumor Ikromjon kizi Student of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages Scientific Director: Gaybullaev Otabek Mukhammadievich
Abstract: This article deals with the principle of selecting phraseological units for teaching English. The principles of the selection of phraseological units are analyzed. And the main criteria for the selection of phraseological units in order to compose texts for reading when teaching Russian as a foreign language. All the described criteria are interrelated, which indicates the need for their complex use. This article pays special attention to methods of translation of phraseological units. On the basis of the research, phraseological and nephraseological methods of translation were identified.
Keywords: analysis; idiom; proverb; saying; linguistics; language, principle of theme, principle of frequency.
Аннотация: В статье рассматривается принцип выбора фразеологизмов для обучения английскому языку. Анализируются принципы выбора фразеологизмов. И основные критерии выбора фразеологизмов для составления текстов для чтения при обучении русскому языку как иностранному. Все описанные критерии взаимосвязаны, что свидетельствует о необходимости их комплексного использования. В данной статье особое внимание уделяется методам перевода фразеологизмов. На основании исследования определены фразеологические и нефразеологические методы перевода.
Ключевые слова: анализ; идиома; пословица; говоря; лингвистика; язык, принцип темы, принцип частотности.
Language is the most important and amazing means of human communication, a means of exchanging thoughts, and can perform various functions, at the same time it is considered a perfectly organized system. It consists of such elements as: phonemes, morphemes, words and sounds, it also has a structure, i.e. the internal organization, the scheme of communications and relations of an innumerable number of elements that provide functioning in the form of an act of communication. [2,152] At the same time, language is a mirror of national culture, its guardian. Linguistic units, primarily words, fixing the living conditions of people - native speakers. In the English and Uzbek languages, the national and cultural semantics of the language, i.e.
INTRODUCTION
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those linguistic values that reflect interesting moments, and transmit from generation to generation the features of nature, the nature of the country's economy, its folklore, literature, art, science, as well as the features of life, customs and history of the people. They also reflect national games, crafts, flora and fauna, human appearance.
National and cultural semantics of the word is present at all levels of the language: both in morphology and in syntax, without exception, also in phonetics. However, you can see them most clearly in language units, i.e. in those units that directly reflect linguistic reality, they name objects and phenomena of the world, the world around us. [3, 109]
Phraseology is the science of phraseological units (phraseological units), that is, about stable combinations of words with complicated semantics that are not formed by generating structural-semantic models of variable combinations. Phraseological units fill in the gaps in the lexical system of the language , which cannot fully provide the name of the new sides of reality cognized by a person, and in many cases are the only designations of objects, properties, processes, states, situations, and the like.
The analysis of the curriculum showed that in the programs for the practical course of the English language there are indications of teaching students phraseological units and catchphrases, but the quantitative aspect is not specified.
The conducted research has demonstrated that the authors of textbooks and teaching aids mainly use traditional selection. Their use with linguistic, statistical and methodological principles allowed, on a scientific basis, to identify the list of idioms that have linguocultural features.
As a result of the application of these principles from the identified initial list, a selection of material was carried out. {{1 }} In the 2007-2008 academic year at the Uzbek State University of World Languages at the translation department of the III-IV course in national groups, an analysis of students' knowledge on the subject of a practical course of English was carried out.
Our experiment consisted of two stages: at the first At the stage, we proposed a list of phraseological units most often used in the life of students, the students had to identify among them phraseological units often used in oral speech. At the second stage, students were given the task to write a list of phraseological units that they use in their life. Our task was to analyze the collected As a result, using linguistic, statistical and methodological principles [4, 167], 100 phraseological units were selected, using which students will easily assimilate educational material.
[2,153]
REFERENCES AND METHODS
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
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For the selection of phraseological units, many of the principles of vocabulary selection are used, we chose the following from many principles: the principle of stylistic unlimitedness, the principle of correspondence to a certain topic and the principle of frequency. Principle of stylistic unlimited
-colloquial: the answers all lemon - this number will not work; dog my cats - damn it!; has the cat got your tongue? - have you swallowed your tongue?; hand somebody a lemon - to deceive, to cheat smb.;
book - literary: the eye of Greece - Athens, be ware of Greeks bearing gifts - beware of Greeks carrying gifts, flush of dawn - dawn; {{ 1}} neutral: flight like Kilkeny cats - fighting until mutual extermination, not to liveliness, but to death, start another hare - raise a new question, change the topic of conversation, keep something under ones hat - keep something secret, Indian summer - gold autumn, warm hot days in autumn.
Principle of correspondence to a certain theme
- geographical names: Rome was not built in a day - Rome was not built in one day, To send owls to Athens - to carry owls in Athens, Build castle in Spain - builds castles in the air, when Ethiopian changes his skin - never historical terms: the Black Death - black death (epidemic, plague in Europe), the Black Prince - black prince, the war of Roses - the Scarlet war and the White Rose (long internecine war in England in the 15th century between the Dinas tiyami Lancaster and York) [in the coat of arms of Lancaster was a scarlet rose, in the coat of arms of York - white];
- colors: as red as a cherry - rosy, with blush all over the cheek.Blood with milk, as white as a sheet - pale as a sheet, as yellow as a crows - yellow as lemon, yellow journalist - tabloid journalist;
- plants: a tree is known by its fruit apple of another tree - a completely different body, as sweet as a nut - sweet like honey, Put not your hand between the bark and tree - to become between a husband;
- animals: like a cat on hot breaks - like out of stock. Not to oneself, not to one's own plate, when pigs fly - never, after, Thursday, when araks whistle, Wolf in sheeps clothering - wolfskin, The dogs bark, but caravan goes on - dog barking - wind blows;
- national clothes: to fit like a glove - to be just in time, there are hand and glove -very close, in close relationship with someone, White caps - lambs (at sea, take up the glove - raise the glove; accept a challenge to a duel.
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Principle frequency
As a result of the analysis of phraseological units, it was found that the most common phraseological units in English are associated with the names of animals. Analysis of the collected factual material with phraseological units showed that the phrase is educational activity of all phraseological units For example, in some English phraseological units the phrase educational activity is very high: cat (50FU), dog (70FU), while in other phraseological units it is extremely low: lamb (3), rabbit (3), butterfly (1), eagle (1), turtle (1), leopard (1).
Unlike English, in the Uzbek language the most educational phrase is active are, according to this dictionary by Sh.Rakhmatullaeva 10FE, the following: "from" (horse, horse) - 39 and "it" (dog) - 32 FE. despite the fact that the amount of PU data in the Uzbek language is less than in the English language, the frequency of their use is much higher, which is explained by extralinguistic factors. Less active phraseological units: beech (bull) - 2 PU, asal ori (bee) - 1 PU, bit (louse) - 2 PU. everyday life: dog, cat, cow, horse, lamb, sheep in English; "It", "musuk", "sigir", "uy", "eshak", "ot" - in the Uzbek language [5]. Among the wild animals, both in English and in Uzbek, the most common are: wolf - b --ri, tiger - sher, lion - arslon, bear - ayik, crow - Karra, snake - ilon. Such a selection of phraseological units can be explained by the fact that phraseological units usually include the names of animals with qualities useful to humans: as gentle as a lamb - Kyidekuvosh.
Learning English is widespread in our country. Good knowledge of the language, including English, is impossible without knowledge of its phraseology. Knowledge of phraseology makes it extremely easy to read both journalistic and fiction literature. Reasonable use of phraseological units makes speech more idiomatic.
Phraseological units fill the gaps in the lexical system of the language, which cannot fully provide the name of new aspects of reality cognized by a person, and in many cases are the only designations of objects, properties, processes, states, situations and the like.
Thus, phraseological units of the English and Uzbek languages express thoughts, ideas, life, national and cultural specifics of this or that people. The study and knowledge of the features of phraseological units from the comparative side will help students understand the meaning and subject them to more critical analysis. Dividing them into several groups will help them distinguish and analyze.
CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES
1. A. V. Kunin A course of phraseology of modern English. Moscow, "High School", Dubna, "Phoenix" Publishing Center. 1996 -380 pp.
2. Bally S. French stylistics / S. Bally. - M .: Publishing house of foreign literature, 1961. - 394 p.
3. Smith L.P. Phraseology of the English language / L.P. Smith. - M .: Uch pedgiz, 1959. - 207 p.
4. Vinogradov V.V. Basic concepts of Russian phraseology as a linguistic discipline // Proceedings of the anniversary scientific session of Leningrad State University. 1819 - 1844. - Leningrad, 1946. - 173 p.
5. Vinogradov V.V. On the main types of phraseological units in the Russian language // Vinogradov V.V. Lexicology and lexicography: Izbr. Tr. - M .: Nauka, 1986.-182 p.
6. A. V. Kunin English - Russian phraseological dictionary. - M .: 1955. - 1427 p.
7. Shmelev D.N. Problems of semantic analysis of vocabulary - M .: Nauka. 1973.279 pp.
8. Rakhmatullaev Sh. Ozbek tilining isoli phraseological unit lurati. Toshkent, fan, 1992. - 380 p.
