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7PREVENTING LANDSLIDES WITH DRAINAGE PILES
ASHOT HAKOB MKHITARYAN, ASHOT BENIK GRIGORYAN, VARDGES IGIT GRIGORYAN
National University Architecture and Construction of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
Annotation. The purpose of the article is to use piles as a modern method of preventing landslides, which reduces the hydrostatic pressure of the creeping mass, thereby preventing further movement of the creeping mass. The presented method is applicable in a set of measures aimed at solving the problem of stabilization and protection of landslide zones, and can serve its purpose.
Keywords:landslide,piles,preventing,drainage,retaining,earthquake,gravity,region.
Abstract. The territory of the Republic of Armenia is considered an active earthquake zone. However, today landslides also pose a serious danger due to their development, prevalence and impact. The widespread occurrence of landslides is due to the seismic activity of the region, the large slope of the slopes, complex geoformological conditions, geological structure, as well as active human activity-intensive construction of slopes, sometimes improper agricultural work on them, mass felling of trees. Given that our region is in difficult climatic and relief conditions, such phenomena are inevitable. As a result of the analysis of the conducted studies, more than 3,000 landslide sites were identified on an area of about 65,000 hectares. Numerous communities throughout the republic are located in dangerous landslide zones, where hundreds of residential buildings, communications, and life support facilities are damaged (Fig.1):
As a result of previous research, anti-slip engineering measures have been developed and implemented in the Republic of Armenia. In some cases, it was possible to ensure a slight decrease in landslide activity, but it was not always possible to provide an accurate assessment of the effectiveness of the implemented measures and forecasts of the future state.[1]
There are many methods of dealing with landslides. In the whole complex of measures aimed at solving the problem of preventing slipping, measures aimed at suppressing the creeping mass occupy a special place.[2] These measures include protection by retaining walls, which are various engineering structures and hold the creeping mass, in particular, gabion building structures, reinforced concrete retaining walls, reinforced concrete corner retaining walls, reinforced concrete walls on a columnar foundation.
Fig.1 Situation
Of the non-geological phenomena that are widely developed in our region, a special place is occupied by gravitational processes and an increase in soil load as a result of their impact and saturation with water. as well as the presence of wetlands under depressions and surface layers, the slope and strength of the slope change and the slope stability is disrupted, causing landslides. In most cases, under the action of a creeping mass that cannot withstand hydrostatic pressure and does not have the ability to seep and seep, fortifications designed to hang (hold) a creeping mass are being destroyed and put out of order, which, in turn, can cause an unpredictable catastrophe.[3]
Given the importance and strategic importance of the problem, it is proposed to prevent (suspend) the creeping mass with the help of drainage piles.
Creep prevention: mechanical reinforcement using monolithic reinforced concrete stakes is used when the boundary between the moving mass of the soil and the solid layer is established. However, studies show that tightly packed stakes under the influence of creeping supersaturated soil mass become waterlogged, unable to withstand even increased hydrostatic pressure, deform and collapse.
The task of the proposed ground stake is to reduce the hydrostatic pressure of the creeping mass acting on tightly packed pegs, eliminating the phenomena of deformation and destruction of
pegs (Fig. 2).
The essence of the pile is that the baking pile is manufactured in the factory with ground tubes with a diameter of 75 mm located on the surface of the peg in a staggered manner (Fig. 3).
Fig.2 Piles on the slope
Fig.3 section drawing of drainage pile
The ring dam, taking on the pressure of a creeping mass of water-saturated soil, diverts groundwater from the back of the dam through transverse openings and, as a result, reduces the hydrostatic pressure. That is, factory-made stakes with the proposed transverse holes perform the role of transverse grounding and reduce the hydrostatic pressure of the creeping mass of soil acting on the fence of the stakes, thereby preventing the further development of landslides.
Landslide phenomena in their prevalence, activity and intensity are an obstacle to the sustainable development of the state. Landslides cause quite serious damage to the Republic of Armenia every year. About 30% of residential areas of the republic are located on landslide sites. About 28% of the total damage from landslides is caused by agriculture.[4]
Due to the sharp intensification of landslide processes in recent years in landslide-prone areas, in particular in Tavush, Syunik, Vayots Dzor, Lori, Kotayk and Gegharkunik regions, a dangerous situation has developed, fraught with unpredictable consequences. Landslides are spontaneous, but in the presence of a human factor, they become man-made, endangering the livelihoods of the population.
To date, the areas affected by landslides are the suburbs of Arpik, Hamletavan, Kapan, Syunik region, residential buildings in Chiva, Martiros, Vokhchaberd, Kotayk region, Haghartsin rural communities of Tavush region, communication lines, electric and communication poles, etc.
In landslide-prone areas, when the thickness of the landslide layer exceeds 10 meters, and the soil belongs to fine-grained soils, it is recommended to prevent the displacement of the landslide
layer by means of an impacted monolithic two-concrete earth stake, sinking into a stable layer to a certain depth (according to the project).[5]
Landslide phenomena in their prevalence, activity and intensity are an obstacle to the sustainable development of the state. Landslides cause quite serious damage to the Republic of Armenia every year. About 30% of residential areas of the republic are located on landslide sites. About 28% of the total damage from landslides is caused by agriculture.
Due to the sharp intensification of landslide processes in recent years in landslide-prone areas, in particular in Tavush, Syunik, Vayots Dzor, Lori, Kotayk and Gegharkunik regions, a dangerous situation has developed, fraught with unpredictable consequences. Landslides are spontaneous, but in the presence of a human factor, they become man-made, endangering the livelihoods of the population.
To date, the areas affected by landslides are the suburbs of Arpik, Yavart Hamletavan, Kapan, Syunik region, residential buildings in Chiva, Martiros, Vokhchaberd, Kotayk region, Ovi, Haghartsin rural communities of Tavush region, communication lines, electric and communication poles, etc.
In landslide-prone areas, when the thickness of the landslide layer exceeds 10 meters, and the soil belongs to fine-grained soils, it is recommended to prevent the displacement of the landslide layer by means of an impacted monolithic two-concrete earth stake, sinking into a stable layer to a certain depth (according to the project).
Conclusion. The method of using drainage piles to prevent landslides can be effectively used in landslide-prone areas in Armenia, in the entire range of measures aimed at solving the problem of preventing landslides.
1. Grigoryan V. I., Grigoryan A. B. "organization of construction works in the combat zone" Yerevan 2018 262 page
2. Khachyan E. "Seismic impacts and forecast of the behavior of structures" Yerevan 2015 555 page
3. Shuster R. Kruzek R. Landslides "Healing and strengthening. The world. Moscow, 1981. 368 page.
4. Petrov N. Landslide systems. Simple landslides (classification aspects). Chisinau. Shtinitsa 1987g. 238 page
5. Karamyan G. A. Dates and basics of "light" Yerevan 1983 201 page.
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