CC BY
9"MARKAZIY VA JANUBIY OSIYO: j> VOLUME 2 | SPECIAL ISSUE 25
MADANIYATLARARO MULOQOT Q ISSN 2181-1784
CHORRAHASIDA" SJIF 2022: 5.947 | ASI Factor = 1.7
PREMCHAND AND FRENCH LITERATURE d https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7393669
3T. ^ïQ^d /Dr. Sriniket Kumar Mishra
o
tfïfcBT /Assistant Professor ^ddl^ fà^W / Department of Translation Studies,
Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya, Wardha, India ^Aoi/Email : sriniket@yahoo.com TTW /MoblleNo. : +91-8178789289
ABSTRACT
Premchand, one of the greatest short story writers in Hindi literature, had
read excessively world literature. He had translated many literary works into Hindi
along with composing original literary works. We would focus our study
specifically on his translations of French literary texts and reception of French
literature in his writing. We would also come to know his idea about French literature. We would come to know about translation strategies of Premchand
adopted in his literary translations. The objective of this article is to highlight the
effect and reception of French Literature in his writing.
Keywords: Premchand, Translation, Reception, double translations, French literature in Hindi. ^TOR :
f^t ^ RBH R yR® R fè^ ^rft^ ^T ^
ywm f%ÇT nTI R^ ^ifè^ ^fM ^ ^ OT-mn ^
^ifè^ ^fM ^T fBit R tfï f%ÇT nTi BR ^^^ R fà^
^ ^faww ^ ^H ^fti t$ ^ d dTit^ ^ ^ $ i^R d tr t$ ^ ^ilti^* ^p^t $
^ ^ $ ^n^iil te dMli fd d^ ^r ted;
d^d fi ^¡dldl dlifd ddTC 3d% ^T Tulf^d ^TdT f
: tora;, ^dci;, ^farofw, dd aidT ^dci;, ifST fi ^¡dldl
o o o
dlifd
ftdd; aiTd % Mfd^y ^T dlffd^lT fi d ^ f ^T OTdf did yddd TTI $T| 3d^T d^d 31 ddt 1880 ^T CklWdl dld dfifT dld^ ^
£dlc fif^ $TI MiTa fi ¿«rfid diificI* #, dfcd ^ cd 31; ¿«rf'd ffiT fi fdudl ^T^i^lTl C ^ I^T^cn^ d^ $^T C fi^ldf^ d^d
o
d 3fd daifCd dfcd, C fid % dm-dw ^^Tfafi^ tfr C ^Mdr
TddT^ fi ^r ^r ffi<flw ^TdT difd 3d% Mfdsy fd^y ZFM-1 d ffi MdT dddT f fa C % 3nT fi ^IT dTdd $ :
"ffi ar ^tf fT # fiI; ^T MTdd ^TdT dllf^l fT, ^T 3dfi $dT d^d^w fidT dilf^ fa dri d d didT Mti") tora;, 2008 : 30)
;tfddlT # did^dl ^T ffi" d^dld ^TdT ^lif^l t ^f^ f i^
o
Cl^diC^dl ^T ^dT ddid IT dl^d^W fidT ^lif^ i^ ^^d IT TldT d" dfT Mil 3<rfid ^Md"id^y chfld &W-2 fi ar^fl f" :
"^dT if^dr dT t, MTf^dftl") ftdd;, 2008 : 3)
3M|cHd ^Idt ^^ dTLdd d" ffi ^f d^d ^ i^ ^dd; ^dT fi IIT^cn^ ^r
o
^fcn; ffi^W ^^ iffiridr 3d^T TddT^^ fi" fd ddld ^T ^ dT d^dT f Ofid; d" ^Md" d^d fi dTd, TM^^ ^T aiMT ^r Mitd l^ir f"i ¿«rfid ^Md ^Tlt fi" ^ I fir W i^dld # ddTdT^" ^T fC^d ^d d" cWd i^IT f" l
flfid; d" dda^ 250 ^flid^T ^T # TddT dd^
)1923), )1924) ^r ^d # c; )1933) dd d^ at id^i 3^fid fCfa^d
R О #
чч ctШу tfr fdtà Ii t ft?t Fií|d F чШ^и %^ч ^^г С
FT%-FT% ^Fl ïït ^TFrFr Flí|d С tfl dtflT ^"IdT ^I t ^yídc C|ldt ftyi С
ftCIF H ^ÍFtFr ^Ч ^Fl d^CÍ С ¿ílJI^Id С ^tlCK СЧЗ" | 3<r|ld ^d" íd^y CITd CdTT-2 H 3edu ÍClT I" ÍC ^yídc C|ldr С ftCIF H slledlC, <Н1ЧЖТ, ^Œt, ¿Wdll, <HRF<H dlCt I4l4ll d^CÍ CT ftffí lld^ld I" :
"Cid Cl ftlCÍFd СЧЙ H |ЧТЧ С HITd CdICk sllddC ,<Hl4I^I díd^díl, <HRF<H dlCt HEI I" I" 2008 ; 35(
3<r|íd Fit ftf Fií|d ч£ 3<r|íd ^Œf, diWdii, <HRF<H dCt,
o
Finí, ^dldld tflF" ^Ч HId4d'c CI ^tUdÍClT 2008 i 35(I ^yídc
c|dr С ffF4 чч ^d" Шу сГГсчт-з H ûh^ d С|т I" ÍC 3<r|íd ^tf ^ч ^F dC ^d ^Td С CF ftWlftd-ftciFd ^Ч FHjSy ÍClTI 3dCT C|dT I" ÍC ^TF FW 3dC h!4IFÍ, ^dldïd tflF, ^Ч dlWdll С
C|lídlí СНТ^К F ^^l^ |ïïI
o
" ...h!4IfT ,3dldld ^TF ^Ч dld^dll С C|IÎdIT Ч5СЧ |<d ^TF ^Ч ^F F miIÎ?<HC FF^^y ЭД^ СЧ fdlT | |Hlt ч1Ч^1 CI FTdtf ^Ч
^tr4f ^Ч Ч|Г^ CT dïudl ^TF ^Ч ^F dC 1t^dd 11 dlT |Т) ÜH^, 2008 i
о с
44(
^d ШУ ci Id cd-1 H 3<r|íd c|idr d^d С ftyI H^ ^TF ^Ч ^F Cf FIÍId С ci t^d íCn |"I 3dCr ^dF^, С fddr |ЧТЧ С F^r
H ^Id dîcf^i I", díCd ^TF ^ч ^F С ciiídií d^t^T С ^
о о
Ft^r^ I^I 3^|ld 1Ч1ЧГ1 H^ C|lidli CT^FT ffFЧ d|í |" :
CT у^1Ч I"; ЧЧ НЧ" H ^TF ^Ч ^F Cf FiíId H í^ddi з^^-cííd С ^ёЧ" ЧТ^ ^îdr I1,3ddr |1чЧГ! ^тчт^^ H^ d|r
I" 2008 i 27(
148
fd d%rc, ^fidc *dt % dT$-dT$ ^idldt diifd %T 3fd ddc %Td$i
o
^fidc v% fifid fd % fT v% 3^;r-tfdTrd ^«hciic* ar ¿«rfid %t
%idnl %r ff^ft fi ^dci; i%IT f 3^fd &dd id^yf d ^id" %
c o
diifd %r 3fd dTifdi %r f ^r wrddt diifd d %t 3Ci£Tuii %r
o
i%IT f ?THC fdtfdv 3^fd fd Cdi ardr^ % diifd %r iff fi &donc
%rd %t $ddT i%IT fTi &ddt %r ar TddT^ did die-dCCi %r
o
dd Justice), C fdeCT dfed {The Silver 6o.x) Vdf^f (Strife) %t at &dClC i%IT f dtedcft %r TddldddC $tl 3^fd f^fr ^fif: ITI, dC %
vC fdtd % ?frd% d iff fi &dCic i%It f 1930 fi ifFcraTdt &%iCdt fdifi^i; d fd %T d%rffd i%ITi 31c d 'dTFcdr te, fdifMic1 d
o
itedcft % drd % fd %r v% ddf dirc i%IT dT 1974 d d%rffd
f^"l 3<rffd 1920 fi did Vd&T %r fddKr fir {Silas Marner) %T 1923 fi
o J
¿iWdII %r %T ¿fd^dtI %%ftfdI^T dfd 3dli fff %r %?fidddtf
{Back to Methuselah) %T df*?%T#7t&% dlfi d i%ITl ¿«rfd Cf % dfd
c o
dy^fifr Mltd dClfTdtd df^dt % d^t, dd mfa & ¡T ? ftd fT (Letters from a Father to His Daughter,) %T dfr % dlfi ?fTd% d &dCIC i%IT f
o o
3^fidd1^d Tdd dT$ yr fTTdTT %r TddT ddt-V-&mC %T 3f difCCr fi 3Voitci*yr% dfi d dddT ar i%IT f"i If iffT dddT dfdT 3^1925 fi dn
o o
d^d%fitdT %lIldI, ^CTTT d%^fd i%IT dIT $T| (fd^T V^
2006: 74-75)
fi^fr ^fidc ^ %r ffdIT %r %t dlifirI% %>idIl %r ifCCT d"
i%IT f"i 3^fid ^fd ^ %iIf ^ fdv d^d d" "Mdtdr
diifd" ^Tsc %r frdfitd i%ITi fiffr ^fidc ^¡dldl diifd %T dTf d^rd %ftd %drr-i &dd fd3y d", fiffr ^fidc ^ diifd %r dddT d" ^tdtdr
o o
dlifd %T dtfdd ^l C %fd ^ :
R O #
"OTT^t fi tfr ÎICf, tôF, t^t ÎCÎ^d'dl ,?TTd^ qq, WÎÎT ^fc fi C^lid^î fd^t t, dICfi ^fiCT t^WIÏÏ qit-fTo fiimFMiddc qT f^qr-dréT C eccr CT fith
wFlFl C^lifiq! fi- FTFdl CT fil^T ttd ^I^C Ttdt t ^FC ^ÎdÎT^d fiïïlFT^T
o
tlddC fi^SqiiqCT C Ct tTW F fit ¿ffi fèqT t"l") ftfiq^, 2008 : 27-28)
C ^dFIT, qfëF fèCF, ttt tëF, WTfiF Flft, ^^qrt ÎCïïfdq,
o
?TTdfd fiTT qfal", ïïÎfidï wfë ^T ^^¿t d^CÎ fi C^lifiqï fd#, dÎCfi q CïlifiqT ^T ^ fiÏMIFT, tledlC qT f^T dtdT CT C^lÎfiq! F ttdT fit t wFlFl CïlifiqT FT^q ^T ^FWT t ^fC ^dTïïï, fiïmFÏ ^T tledlC fi C^T
Ffl^ëq Ct ^fft Ct tciT tœti <?Ffdïï, ûfiq^ wFïFi Ffltêq Ct ^^t Filtré F ttdT filfid" ^l ^tcCT ÏÏTdTtfiT fi" ûfiq^ fi tftf^d ÎCqT t ÎC ^TF CT Flitch
qTfa" CT Ft^T^ F^?q t :
"qTt^ fi" ^TF CTFTFFfltcq Ftfïïfi fl" 1988 : 05)
ûfiq^ CT ctfiT ZïdTiïC fàf ÏÏT ^¡FIFI d^c aïo-^ÏF ift CT ÏÏC
CFlfiT mdffïfqr {Partie de Billiards) CT ^iqT R^dl tl (ffifl", 2017) ^tfif
C^IÎfiq! fi- ftd" FT^q t; ïïC fi" ftfdqÉF CT Ht dt ^fT fi" C fisth ^Tdcq t ÎC fi" qtT CtTfiT ÏTTT CT l fi I fi F" ïïdfôd tt ^Tl (TTq ïït ^dT, 2002) qt fà^fi ^fqqfi CT tfTd CT t ÎC qt totf ÎCdfil ^T Cft t, îCd ïddtiïCfÈdtT^q ïddtiïCrtTJT fid ^¡FlFl CtffiT F CtTfiT F^fi ïï^ f^ë^
fi" firdf t"l ûfid^ Cdfi ^ ¿I^JIT ^^ ^T ^^tîfi ^F CtffiT ^ fiTL-qfi- F ^ITdlq
ïïITt^ Ct totr Î^f^d ÎCqT t"l
qt ^"qffi èjfi" Ct tfd t" ÎC fi ^^^ d^fi fi" ^¡FiFi Filtré Ct FTitfii tTT-tTTct d^T ^F ^^¿T Flltrq F" ttdT ^T tdTqT t"l ^F ^CfT, Ûfiq^ CT ^¡FlFl Flltrq ^ ïïld ft^^ ^fiTiq ^Tl ^¡FlFl Flltrq ^ ïïld ^F d^T^ CT C^ qt ^T tt FCdT t" ÎC ^^¿T 3F Ffiq M^lfitf^C ^îl^d CT ^T^T ^T d^T ^TTd 3fiC Ffiq fi"
150
Îtfèfi fTTdd % Hffd ITI ÏÏT ^Tdfdt %IT dlÎfd % ïïdTC d%Td dfT dT
d%BTI
Ùd^'c d Bfd Wdïdï dlÎfÎ?!* ^ÎBIi ifCr d HdCTC faIT f 3ïfd
c o
HdlBld tfïd BTTId {Thaïs), ïïd dtÎTd dTd^d^ï dTcT^d {Les aveugles)
^T d^d ïï dfddîC {Pelléas et Mélisande) ifC d HdCiC faIT f BTId
O
{Thaïs) 3fTTT, ddTCTd {Les aveugles) fd BT Iif H/ffft TBT% d
ifCr d Hdcc fan ht f fd CT Hdcc ^didt d 3ïïd®f f diB f dfad
o o
d^d ïï dfddtC {Pelléas et Mélisande) ifC HdCC Htff B% HW^B f I HdB
O O
tti, ïï^itb ^t àdic % ïïd, ^d ddf d f fa Hdcic id^BT
o o
fddBT f, dfad HdClC ÏÏTitfdfà' IT ÏÏ^Tffd ïïlB H^t B% dFB dfT fT d%T f|
o o
(fdtf, 2017: 26)
^d H-lId % fdïï fdd ddTCTd {Les aveugles) ^T BUd{Thaïs) ddTC
fan fi df ûdd; ^cid ifCr d HdJ^B I" CT ^ididi diificI* ^ÎBIÎfi fd ^d CT ^»ÎBiI % dT^dd d HdCTc-%d dta d%B f I fd dfTiBT d diificI*
c o
Hdcic ïït ûdd; % fC^iTÎ d" ïïlTf^B fT d%B f I
o
cddTCTd {Les aveugles) ïïfd^f dÎedId dtÎTd dlBrd% ^Cld T^B
cTdT it ïï^i^l f dT 1890 d" fd^T dIT iti ^d Hddt aidi d" CT
fftW d" HdCTC faIT dIT f : CdT^ddd (The Sightless) ^T (The Blind) I
fdd ^d HtHd % fdïï JdU^ld ^Tdf HdCldil ^T HtHd Î^IT f" ^T ^d ^Tdf
O o
HdCl^l ^^ HBT ^T ^dTdf d" ^^T dT d^BT f"I HdB TTI d ^d HdÎ^B ^itB
' ?rtBndftHf&r?Br ^t ïïTBrcdT d" ^^ ^^ d fd^T f Î^ if ^ïîb dilTd
dTBrd^ ^t cr (The Sightless) ^T HdC^ f" BIT ^df ÏÏ^BTCdl d" C" ^Bld ^
Î^ Bd ïïdfddîC {Pelléas et Mélisande) ^T HdCC Ûd^C df d Î^IT IT I
cBdTCTc ^T HdC^ ïïfBr diT 1919 d" 3C^dlÎfÎrI^ ïïf^^T 'ddldl' d" 'f^" BTT' ^ff^ d" ÏÏ^TffB ITI Ûd^c d dTTd BCCdT HëdT % HdCTC 'C dTf^dd1 d"
o o
151
3^ fi ^dcTT^ iCqTI fti ^dcn^ 3^ CT idLq'dTU| t q^TdC iC Ctf ^T qt ^Fldt F Ffi^ FCdl t iC 3^fi dTT ffr^C CT ^r fti fi fd^qdTW iCqT qqT t ^T fFCT ^^cn; '^^Tr Td ^T ffr^C fi dtt ftq qqT t ^T fF SCTT fimtTFd fF Cd CT itir fir fTturTr&Twr ffr^C C fir SCTfld t^I
c o
^fi^i Ct fitiTF FldrdC CT d^d Std TFi qTI FldrdC ^fd^T C dld-fild d^C q ^T 1911 fir tr dtSd TTFCTT F tft dldT qqT qTI '3TFqiF difiC fdSy fir, ^fi^'i dFidrdC Ct SPdqfi C fcFTqT C firgffid iCqT t 3dCT fiTddT qT iC FldrdC ft?! yiF^y dTCCCTT t :
" 'fidTfdC 'Sdfdqfi Cdd^ftEqTd dTCCCTT t Sdfdqd fcFTqT Ctd t ") ^fi^;, 2008 : 54)
FSF Ttd, tfi ^dcTTi CT ffr^C i^d t tfi '?Tt dTT F Ffi^" fir ^dT t iC
qt ^fr^C ^iFlFl fitfc CT yididi^rC dt CTdT t 3^?!®; CT ^q t- ^yTr TTd I ^iFlFl ^T C ffr^C d dicft^d )Les aveugles) CT flsilddi; ttdT ^T ^d^r C ZFifdF (The Sightless) CT ^ddi '^dfld' ttdT dICd ^fi^'i d fd flc^t CT
ffr^C C ^ddi C fd^" qqd dt iCqT t I ^fi^'i fTiq; ffr^C td qT '^f^dtld'
o o
dF dCTTicfiC ^Tsif CT ^qtd dt CTdT qltd td"I fF ^dcni fi ^qcd fl^t Ct
o o
Ffi^d C fd^" tfi Cf 'Tii-fcT^qf q '^ddld' ^ FCd ^I tfi fF ^ddi Ct
o o
C drq ir qf fsiTcdl C i%dT dtt Ffi^ FCd ^I tfi" fF ^ddi fi" TT^f CT
c o
ftcrw dtt ^^dT t"I
fid dT^C fi" fFTfqd F dt ^ Cf ^Ts; i^^d ^ diCd ^diid dT^C fi" fF^
fFdTfi F F^d ^Isi, qqT dfiTd ^sNid^d C ^dTT ^Tdd iCqT
s o
qqT t"I iC^d, iFTr ^^ TT^f C id^ d FTydr ,tFidqt ^^ ^Tsif ct qqd iCqT t"I tfi" qtfqt Ffi^ fi" dtt ^dT iC d^qt fFdlfi ^"ft^yfiF FSiyd fcrTld fsiicdl CT ^qtd iCqT t"I Ctf ^^q ^dclliC ttdT dt ct 'FTydt'
o o
Cr dqt TT 'fitdldl', 'triqqt' C id^ '^CfT' ^Is; f^dfild CTdTI qtT^didlTF
152
dCfiT &efiT % &dciC % %TT3 f, di%d Ofidc d %fT-%fT&ddt tfdaT
o
fCC% %r f^dfild ddd%r^Cd^dI %dTI&dClCi%ITl
&dld1d tffd %T dtld{Thais) 3d<r|IT MfdT 3lT dd 1889 fi'TlCC fiC' {Revue des deux Mondes) % ddlf ^T &dTd % fi 3%rffd fOT ITI ^dldM tffd %T 1921 fi" dttdMTF%^dd^fi^idi%dTddTlTl ^ddCfC?C%tf-
o
1 % &ddlT dTId%r ^dClC MfdT fi" fOTI fd &dClC %r
O O ^ j o
dfdT%d%dl MTd% aUT, %d%dl ^CTTT fRvf%ir ddt IT ^T dTTCd £d,
O s o
ciriuidi ^crrr fil^d i%IT dIt iti fd ^dciC %r dfir^T Mtor dTFCdr fi"
o o
dC3T 1923 fi" g%rffd ft IIl (^fidCTddIcdl-1,2006: 72).
o
fiffr ^ddc d or (Thais) %T ifC fi" dlfi d ^dClC i%IT f"l If
o o
&dClC Tddlrfi%dT %r FCd^dT dlFd V% fic|-dIdc|IC fl ^fidC d^difd&dClC
o o o o o
% fdv &ddr Tddtid fd MTd% %r y^dicdi fi" fd^r fi fd y^dicdi fi" q<hic d
^Td % Tlifd ^T ^dldM tffd ^T 3d%r %d OT%t dlTdd iClT f"l 3^-f'd &dld1d ^d"%raidT%3nTdtfr3dlITl fd^r fi% 3<rfid fd%d% &dClC %I %T 3U"ddTl 3d%r %fdT f i% 3^-f'd fi" fddT dCT Tlifd dfT
o o o
C^T f :
" ffid fd%r ^dClC %Cd fdfdv i%IT f" i% fd If MTd% dCddCT Sdld
o o o
ft ffi" If %fd fi" d%Td dfT f i% fdd dcT diifd fdd&ddrfi"dfrC^Ti"
o o
)^ddC: 1998)
3^fid' ar] %t mTt dTf d 3Cd iCiT f % fdv
?TcC %r did i%IT f"i 3^fid fd mt5 %r %£ti atcdT mt 3d iCi fi dd %d fi", 3d^ITd %r d^ dlTd 'dr^ % d^ dT T^T dIT IT, di%d ^ddC ^TtIC
d fTd it %rfidr ftd %r idn %r a^dT %T ^Cffd %TdT
o
Ii fdfdv, 3^fid ifCCT fi" ^Tdidt d dd % d^ %T
iC^dliTd %rd%r%T^i%ITl
¿«rt'd ^rd ^dcn; fi ^qidf ^t q^di^ C difi ^ q ^tt t
o
FCdT t iC ! 3d dlfitCT cTd CTd C fd"^ Ti; T^^M^Tr qT ^ddld dt idT qitd
o
ttI C^ q^dT^ CT tfr fdc dt iCqT t 3<r*id fid 3TFqiF C qiTdtC difi ^r ^ t 'TiTFqF' Ct 'TiTdTffr' CT T^qT t 3<r*id fF Ti^ ct F ^dcn; iCqT t fFidu 3dC FTfid 'Ti^^qffqF1 qTI ¿«r^l'd iCqT iC
o o
difit C 3^qiTT Ct FTdSdld C fd^", fid" difitCt qttT Ff^^d CT TiqT t :
" 'TiTdTffr 'fid fir4 TiTFqffqF qTI FTddT C H^TT F" qflti ^TTdT CT
<\ o
TiqiI "
ct Tidf C dlfif CT ^TTdrqCTT CTdT d£f qitd q qT fFlf
difit Ct it; difit fir dsiid cTdT dtr qitd q fFidu, ¿<r*id difit Ct
'qiqF' ,'Tidfi') Palemon), 'Cdii', 'fdFqTF', 'FTTfTqfi' F ^dcTi; iCqT (ftfiq;, 1988: 10) I ¿«r^l'd №Td C ^dFTT T^Idf qT FTCfdqf Ct ^TfdlTd
o c
dtr iCqi ^t fid Ciq fi" fitd; TT3"?r qT cidicTT Ct qqT F^c sdw
T^TI fFidk', fF ^dci; Ct ^TfdTT dt fiTdT dT FCdT fdF SCTT '^fiq; T^dicdr fi fd^T qqT t (|Fd ^^q, 2006 : 74).
tldTiC ftfiq; d ^dcTiif TT ^Tdr fe^TfTqi fi Ftd Ti^ C HdTT CT Ctt tfr dtr iCqT t", diCd tfi" 3dC d^d fi ^TFrFr d^d C dlfi
qqT- 'qif-fr1 ^T 'fTqT dtit' i^d Ct ffidd" t tfi dldd £ iC fi /4 (1/ ^T 'dT' /t/ dFr tqfdqf fitdi dtt f I tfi ^FT fild FCd t iC ^rFrFr ^tct dt Fr^t qr fFidu ¿^t'd fd c^idql Ct ^ddt fi" tst ttqiI ^d: 3dCr ^tftft Fiitirqc c^idql ^ ^dii; ^rFrFr ^i^t f d ttcT
c o
^ddr ^ fiTLqfi ^ iCqT qqT ^dlT; t"I q^f ^ddr ^tFtFT ^T itir ^
o
fi^q Fd ^l^T ^ fi" Ciq CT Ttr t" d^T ^fiq; ^!lTT ^diid ^tftft Fiit^q ct ^dn; ttt^ ^dii; qT Fd ^t^t ^dci; Cr ^Tr fi" t^t dT
o o o o
FCdT t"I
ûddc d ^rdfdt ^iBI" Hdc: %Tff?r %t, dî%d
¿«rfîd Hddt dTÏÏT % di^dd d" ^d TddT^ HdCTC Î%ITI C dSITB d^dlQB f ^T Tddlcd% ^T dlÎfïcI% ^B^BT d ïïlTdpt H^è
HdCTc% a f ^d diificI* HdciCÎ d" ¿«rfîd Hïïdf Tddi?d^ ïïiBdT
o o
d^d ÏÏCffd Î%IT f ¿«rfîd HdCTC % fdïï ^Tddf ddi
fdf ïïfd fr dTdd ÏÏTT^R d- d^dddB Î%IT dT d%T ITI HdCTC%
o o o
^T T^djÎBI' ^T HdifiT^ ïïlBdT ¿dd diifi?!*
HdClCÎ d" dT d%BT f dlÎfÎcI* ddCTC ÏÏT àddC d Hdd TTI fT
o o
f dfad ^d Hdcicl d dfB drad ÎddBi f ^rdfdt
O J o
dlÎfÎcI* %Tdt % ¿d% HdCTCt d" fd ^id^d^ dlÎfd % dit d" ÏÏBT ddT f
o
^T ¿d% fCf^d d^t d" ^Td ïïd ^Tdfdt dlÎfd dlT-dlT iddd
d" fd" ^idfdf diifd d" ^T fCfd ^ÏÏ d Hdc: % ffôïï d" fC%fdB fddBf f ûdd: % ^Tdd^ diifd ÏÏC ddft fCdrc, ¿d%t ÏÏT ^id^df %fdt èiIT ^T ¿d% ^CTTT ^idfdf diifi?I% TddT^^ % ifCr d" HdCTc ¿d ÏÏT ^id^d^ diifd % ÏÏ^TC
o
FCf^TT Î%IT dT d%BT f REFERENCES
1. Douglas, Robert B. (trans.) (1922). Thais. New York : Dodd, Mead & Company.
2. France, Anatole. (1920). Thaïs. Paris : Calmann-Lévy.
3. George, W.L. (1915). Anatole France. London : Nisbet & Co. Ltd.
4. Maeterlinck, Maurice. (1892). Les aveugles (3e édition). Bruxelles: Paul Lacomblez.
5. Mishra, Sriniket Kumar. (2017). 'La partie de Billard et Shatranj ke Khiladi : le parallélisme dans la représentation de deux événements historiques' in Research Highlights, Volume - IV, No. - 3, July - Sept. 2017, Varanasi : Future Fact Society.
6. Tadema Alma, Laurence. (trans.) (1895). Pelleas And Melisanda And The Sightless (les deux pièces de Maurice Maeterlinck). Londre: Walter Scott.
R 0 #
7. qtqdCT, Cfid fC^ftT (F). (1981). fi/i hCfT. i^edr : S^id SCTfTd.
8. flfi/;. (2008). C fct/TT. fdltlSi; : dtcmTdr.
9. flfi/;. (^d.) (1998). ^CfT (^dldtd tflF CT 'dTOF' CT iti ^dcTTi)
o o
df iiedr : OT.C. TcdfTF.
10. (tfd.) (TTdC fir SCTfTd CT dt t). f dTT qd
o o
TTd (fitfTd fildTdC Cr ; wfdw CT t JdJcffZ) fdltlSi; : tF
J
^CTfTd.
11. TTq, ^dtC ^dr, fi?diC. (F.) (2002). Ffiffl : fi/; C sF t Ctfdqf CT FfifdTT T. fdltlSi; : tF SCTfTd.
12. tFd, tft. dSiT ^^q. (F.) (2006). fi/; T/dicd 1-20). df
o
iiedr : ddciTr SCTfTd.
