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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23670/IRJ.2022.115.1.045
ЛАПЧАТКИ {POTENTILLA L.) УЗБЕКИСТАНА
Обзорная статья
Махмудова М.М.* ORCID: 0000-0001-6439-0165, Национальный Университет Узбекистана, Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
* Корреспондирующий автор (20bek02[at]mail.ru)
Аннотация
В статье представлена история изучения рода лапчатки (Potentilla L.), географическое и экологическое распространение видов растений. Также описаны характеристики лапчаток в научной медицине, народной медицине и сельском хозяйстве. Среди представителей рода лапчатки, помимо видов красителей, рекомендуется включить в «Красную книгу» Республики Узбекистан 6 видов, которые являются редкими на территории Узбекистана.
Ключевые слова: семейство, род, вид, регион, растения, ареал, болезнь, ветеринария, витаминный, дубильный, косметика, препарат, крахмал, флавоноид, гликозид, кумарин, поля и запасы, защита растений, «Красная книга».
POTENTILLA L. OF UZBEKISTAN
Review article
Maxmudova M.M.*
ORCID: 0000-0001-6439-0165, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
* Corresponding author (20bek02[at]mail.ru)
Abstract
The article presents the history of the study of the genus Potentilla (Potentilla L.), the geographical and ecological distribution of plant species. The characteristics of geese in scientific medicine, folk medicine and agriculture are also described. Among the representatives of the Gazpanja series, it is recommended to include in the "Red Book" of the Republic of Uzbekistan 6 species that are rare for the territory of Uzbekistan, along with the species that give dyes.
Keywords: family, genus, species, region, plants, area, disease, veterinary, vitamin, supplement, cosmetics, drug, starch, flavanoid, glycoside, coumarin, fields and reserves, plant protection, "Red Book".
The Potentilla L., a member of the Rosoideae Focke family of the family Rosaceae Juss., is found mainly in temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere. There are more than 500 species of geese on earth, of which 58 species grow in Central Asia and 29 species in Uzbekistan [3], [10], [14].
The famous Swedish scientist K. Linnaeus, in his work "Spesies plantarum", first introduced to science 22 species of geese. S. Ledeburg In Flora Rossica, brings 60 species of geese. The scientist divides the genus into 2 sections (Herbaceae and Fruticosae).
The author divides the species belonging to the section Herbaceae into 2 sections depending on the life forms, roots, stems and color of flowers.
While scientists who studied the Potentilla L. family before E. Boissier divided the plant into sections according to the shape of the leaf, the number of petals and crowns, it is divided into 2 sections depending on whether the flower and the fruit of the plant are hairy or hairless.
In 1907, V.I. Lipsky's Monograph on the Medieval Potentilla provides a comprehensive analysis of geese in Central Asia. It should also be noted that the scientist has developed a series system in addition to identifying species. The play identifies the growth of 42 species and several species in Central Asia and provides information on their description, geography and ecology.
A special place is given to the monograph Th. This monograph includes 305 species of the Earthworm family. He developed a series system, focusing mainly on the shape of the fruit and stem, its long shortness to the fruit, and its attachment to it.
In 1941, S.V. Yuzepchuk, based on the work of Th.Wolf in the development of the Potentilla series for Flora USSR, recommends a redesigned and supplemented system of the series. In doing so, it divides 148 species into 7 subcategories depending on the shape, structure, and fruiting of the plant stem. Of these, 26 species belonging to 4 subfamilies (Schistophyllidium Juz., Closterostyles Torr. Et Gr., Hypargyrium Fourr., Dynamidium Fourr.) Occur in the territory of Uzbekistan.
S.V. Yuzepchuk also divides the subdivisions into 16 sections depending on the shape and hairs of the stem, leaves and stems. Its great service is that it places closely related species in one section, introduces 9 new species to science, and makes 3 species synonymous [15].
Well-known Russian scientist VP Bochantsev was involved in the spread of geese in Uzbekistan. In 1955, in Flora Uzbekistana, he introduced 28 species of the Potentilla family, 2 of which (P.Vvedenskyi Botsch. and P.butkovii Botsch.) As a new species from the Pamirs-Alay [3].
The geese spread in Central Asia were studied by TO Odilov. The "The determinant of plants of Central Asia" contains 58 species, which describe one species for science (P.botschantzeviana Adyl.) And 2 species (P.arnavatensis (Th.Wolf) Juz. and P.sericata Th.Wolf) are synonymous. .
It should be noted that scientists have studied the history of the study of the genus Potentilla L., its role in the family, anatomical and pharmacological, beneficial properties of the species [2], [7], [11], [12].
The species of the genus Gospanja, like most embers of the family Ranodosh, is a useful (medicinal, vitamin, fodder, herb) plant. Some are honey-sucking plants, while others are used in veterinary medicine, confectionery and cosmetics [1], [3], [6], [13].
In scientific medicine, mainly the rhizome of geese is used. They are used in the treatment of diseases such as gastrointestinal, heart, liver, pulmonary tuberculosis, toothache, rheumatism, malaria.
Preparations made from gooseberries are used in the treatment of inflammation of the oral cavity, colds, gastrointestinal diseases, burns, tetanus (eczema) and other skin diseases [1], [4].
It is used in the treatment of laryngitis of the genus P. canescens and P. Fedschenkoana in the treatment of burns. Golden chrysanthemum (P.chrysantha) and desert chrysanthemum (P.desertorum) are consumed by the population as tea.
The broad-leaved dwarf goose (P.supina) and the creeping goose (P.reptans) are not inferior to other species in terms of medicinal properties. They are used in the treatment of tumors as tinctures, decoctions and ointments, talc. There are even reports of its use against cancer, heart disease, lung, stomach, stomach diseases, and to stop bleeding.
In addition to the above, the representatives of the Potentilla family are also important in that they are fodder for cattle, horses, goats and camels. Specifically, the Asian gooseberry (P.orientalis), white gooseberry (P.hololeuca) species are for cattle; The small gooseberry (P.gelida) is a good food for goats and sheep, they like it in spring and summer, camels do not eat much.
Up to 21% of the seeds of P.asatica, P.pedata, P.desertorum and P.orentalis were found to contain oil, and P. arnavatensis was found to contain essential oil. . Oriental gooseberry (P.asiatica) and stunted gooseberry (P.gelida) are honey-sucking plants [1].
In addition to medicinal properties, gooseberries are also distinguished by the storage of alkaloids in their composition. These include: P.asatica, P.hololeuca, P.pedata, P. supina, P.desertorum, and P.reptans includes [5].
Among the representatives of the Rotentilla family are species that give dyes. For example, black dye under the influence of iron sulphate from the rhizome of P.erecta; red paint with quartz (flint); Yellow dye of P. alba type; It is used to obtain yellow dye from the stems and leaves of R.anserina [1], [4].
From the mentioned sources, it can be seen that among the species belonging to the genus Gospanja, there are many plants that can be used in various sectors of the economy.
However, there are some species of geese that are endemic in Uzbekistan, whose range is declining or where they are endemic.
1. P.tianschanica Th.Wolf - When the distribution of this species was studied, it was indeed found to be rare in the Western Tien Shan mountain range. This tour is collected from the following places:
The slopes of the Great Chimgan Mountain. 1920, P. Vasilev;
West Chimgan, around the Botanical Station, south-west slope, h = 2850 m., Gravel slope, 1924, P. Gomolitsky;
West Tiyonshan, Chimgan, around the Botanical Station, 1926, P. Baranov, I. Raykova.
2. P.pamiroalaica Juz. - a rare species. It is distributed in Turkestan, Gissar ridges. Northern slope of the Gissar ridge, along the Kashkadarya and Tamshush rivers, 1937, S. Kudryashev;
Turkestan ridge, upper part of Chandir river of Zaamin district, h = 2700-3000 m., 1932, V., Titov, L. Elisova;
Turkestan ridge, Guralash reserve, upper part of Tuyatoshsay, 1940, A. Pyataeva;
Turkestan ridge, Jizzakh forestry. Kakkasuv river, 1958, T. Gordova;
Gissar ridge, Tashkurgan, 1997, I. Maltsev.
3. P.conferta Bunge is a very rare species. Zarafshan ridge, Samarkand region. 1925. A. Pyataeva.
4. P.nervosa Juz. - a very rare species. Kurama ridge, Angren meteorological station, h = 2600 m., 1931, A. Matskevich.
5. P.evesita Th.Wolf is a very rare species. Aloy ridge, Fergana region, 1909, once collected by M.Koskov.
6. P.butkovii Botscch. - a very rare species. Endemic for Uzbekistan, the Gissar ridge. Surkhandarya, 1931.
7. P.chrysantha Trev. - a rare species. West Tien Shan. Abjas river valley, gravelly slope of the mountain, 1939, P. Nikitin, Chatkal ridge, Tashkent region. Parkent district, Boshqizilsay, pasture region, 1961, A.A. Kazakov and F. Kasimov
8. P. algida Sojak is a very rare species. Endemic to the Pamir-Alay mountain system. Zaravshan river basin. Samarkand region, 1915, R. Balabaev.
9. P. Komaroviana Th.Wolf is a rare species. Kashkadarya basin. Western part of Zarafshan ridge, 1938, S. Kudryashev;
Gissar ridge, Topalangdarya basin, 11952, E. Litvinenko;
Yakkabog district. Itimtog, 1952, E. Korotkova.
10. P. Vvedenskyi Botsch. - a rare species. Endemic to the Pamir-Alay mountain system. West Gissar ridge. Topalangdarya basin, 1947, F.Jongurazov; Western Guralash. Upper part of Tuyatoshsay, archazor, 1947, M. Nazarenko.
11. P.moorcroftii Wall. ex Lehm. - a very rare species. Oloy ridge. Jordan, 1957, V. Ustinova.
From the above data it can be seen that the rare species of the genus Gospanja, mainly Chatkal (4 species: P.tianschanica Th. Wolf, P.nervosa Juz., P.butkovii Botsch., P.chrysantha Trev. );
Gissar (4 rounds: P.pamiroalaica Juz., P.butkovii Botsch., P.komaroviana Th. Wolf, P. Vvedenskyi Botsch.);
Zarafshon (3 rounds: P.conferta Bunge, P.algida Sojak, P.komaroviana Th.Wolf);
Oloy (2 species: P.evesita Th.Wolf, P.moorcroftii Wall. Ex Lehm.) In ridges 2 to four;
In the Piskom and Turkestan ridges, one species is widespread.
In summary, there are 29 species of geese, 11 of which are rare in Uzbekistan.
Of these, 6 species (P. moorcroftii, P.conferta, P.nervosa, P..evestita, P.butkovii, P.algida) are recommended to be included in the "Red Book" of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Конфликт интересов Conflict of Interest
Не указан. None declared.
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