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ФЛОРИСТИЧЕСКИЕ НАХОДКИ
УДК 581.9 (571) : 582.734
Й. Сояк Й. Данигелка М. Гайек
J. Sojak1 J. Danihelka2 M. Hajek2
POTENTILLA TURKESTANICA, A RARE SPECIES NEW TO THE FLORA OF RUSSIA POTENTILLA TURKESTANICA - РЕДКИЙ ВИД, НОВЫЙ ДЛЯ ФЛОРЫ РОССИИ
Summary. In August 2005, Potentilla turkestanica was collected in the south-eastern Altai Mts. in an alpine meadow in the Taldura River valley above the north-western margin of the Chuya steppe. Until recently, the species has been known only from north-western China and Mongolia; this is the first record from Russia. Potentilla turkestanica is a hybridogenous species of P sect. Niveae. It is similar to P evestita, but differs from it by 5-foliolate leaves. The morphological differences from two similar species, P alluvialis and P anjuica, are briefly described in the paper.
Key words: plant records, northern Asia, Altai Mountains, Rosaceae.
Аннотация. Сообщается о находке в Юго-Восточном Алтае Potentilla turkestanica, обнаруженной на альпийском лугу в дол. р. Талдуры выше северо-западной границы Чуйской степи. Это первая находка в России данного вида, ранее известного только из Северо-Западного Китая и Монголии. Potentilla turkestanica - гибридогенный вид из секции Niveae, близкий к P evestita, но отличающийся от последнего пятерными листьями. Кроме того, вид родственен P alluvialis и P anjuica, морфологические отличия от которых кратко обсуждены в сообщении.
Ключевые слова: флористические находки, Северная Азия, Алтай, Rosaceae.
Introduction
A team of botanists and zoologists based mainly at Masaryk University in Brno (Czech Republic), supported by specialists from the Central Siberian Botanical Garden in Novosibirsk (Russian Federation), visited in summer 2005 and 2006 numerous localities in the south-eastern, central and northern Altai. Altogether, 319 vegetation plots were recorded, including measurements of shading by topographic features, soil pH and soil conductivity (for a detailed description of study area and methods, see Chytry et al., 2007 or Horsak et al., 2010). 2495 herbarium specimens of vascular plants, frequently members of critical genera, were collected from vegetation plots for later precise identification.
All specimens, now stored at BRNU (Herbarium of Masaryk University, Brno), are identified and labelled (a Microsoft Access database is available from the second author), and specialists were asked for the identification and revision of particular families and genera.
The genus Potentilla is represented by 103 specimens, which were revised by the first author. Among them, P turkestanica Sojak (in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 109 : 26. 1987) was present by one gathering (BRNU 579455) from the slopes of the Tedas Range above the north-western margin of the Chuya (Cuja) steppe in the south-eastern Altai Mts. A thorough search in the relevant literature (Kurbatsky, 1988, 1999; Czerepanov, 1995; Sojak, 2004; Artemov, 2005; Baikov, 2005) has shown that this has been
1Национальный музей, отделение ботаники, ул. Циркусова, 1740; 193 00, Прага 9-Горни Почернице, Чехия 2Кафедра ботаники и зоологии, университет им. Мазарика, ул. Котларжска, 2, 611 37, Брно, Чехия; Ботанический институт Чешской АН, отделение экологии растительности, ул. Лидицка, 25/27, 602 00, Брно, Чехия
lNational Museum, Department of Botany, Cirkusova 1740; 193 00, Praha 9-Horni Pocernice, Czech Republic 2Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, and Institute of Botany, Department of Vegetation Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidicka 25/27, CZ-602 00 Brno, both Czech Republic; e-mail (JD): [email protected]
Поступило в редакцию 03.06.2011 г.
Submitted 03.06.2011
the first record ever of this rare species for the flora of Russia. The find was briefly mentioned by Sojâk (2009), and its circumstances are reported here in more detail, including some taxonomic considerations.
Locality description
Potentilla turkestanica was collected by M. Hâjek and P. Hâjkovâ on 1 August 2005 in the Imele Brook valley (right-side tributary of the Tal-dura River) 12 km WSW of the Bel’tir village in an alpine meadow on the valley bottom (geographical coordinates: 49° 56’ 40.3” N and 88° 00’ 51.4” E, bias 11 m; measured with a GPS device) at an altitude of 2445 m a. s. l. The habitat in which the species was found is documented by a phytosocio-logical relevé (cover values given following the new Braun-Blanquet scale; taxonomy and nomenclature of vascular plants follow Czerepanov, 1995, those of mosses Ignatov, Afonina, 1992).
PH107. Relevé area 100 m2; inclination and aspect 15° N; cover Ej = 75%, E0 = 10%, litter layer 10%, bare rock 4%; soil depth ca 15 cm; soil Ph 6.7; mean height of E1 = 5 cm, max. height of Ej = 20 cm.
Ex: Bistorta major 2a, Kobresia smirnovii 2a, Lagotis integrifolia 2a, Pulsatilla campanella 2a, Carex duriuscula 2m, Carex obtusata 2m, Artemisia phaeolepis 1, Carex melanantha 1, Festuca kryloviana 1, Galium verum 1, Helictotrichon hoo-keri s. str. 1, Pentaphylloides fruticosa 1, Poa glauca 1, Silene repens 1, Potentilla multifida 1, Saussurea alpina 1, Thalictrum alpinum 1, Arctopoa tibetica +, Aster alpinus s. lat. +, Astragalus austrosibiricus +, Bistorta vivipara +, Carex pseudofoetida +, Dian-thus superbus +, Elymus nevskii +, Elymus schren-kianus +, Eremogone formosa +, Hordeum brevi-subulatum +, Koeleria altaica +, Myosotis imitata +, Oxytropis sp. +, Pachypleurum alpinum +, Papaver canescens +, Pedicularis compacta +, Polemonium boreale +, Potentilla gelida +, Potentilla turkestanica +, Primula algida +, Ranunculus pedatifidus +, Rumex alpestris +, Saussurea schanginiana +, Silene jeniseensis +, Stellaria brachypetala +, Tephroseris prati-cola +, Trisetum mongolicum +, Trollius asiaticus +.
E0: Entodon concinus 1, Rhytidium rugosum 1, Thuidium abietinum 1, Bryum cf. caespiticium (ster.) +, Distichium capillaceum +, Hypnum sp. +, Tortula ruralis +.
Taxonomy of Potentilla turkestanica
Potentilla turkestanica is a member of the Evestitae group of Potentilla sect. Niveae (Rydb.)
Juz., which includes species with all or at least some leaves grey or greenish beneath from a rather loose tomentose indumentum consisting of crisped, flexu-ose or only strongly curved hairs. In the members of the other groups classified into this section all leaves are densely white-tomentose beneath (with crisped hairs).
All members of the Evestitae group have arisen via hybridisation between a species of P. sect. Niveae, whose leaflets are white-tomentose beneath, with a species from some other section of the genus Potentilla whose leaves are either ternate or 5-fo-liolate and green and non-tomentose beneath. The putative sect. Niveae parent can usually be identified in hybrids without difficulties, whereas the other ancestral species often remains uncertain, and some degree of certainty can be reached only by experimental hybridisation.
Species of the Evestitae group can be divided into two main subgroups, one with individuals having only ternate leaves and the other with individuals having at least some digitate leaves (5-folio-late). The majority, i.e. eight species, of the Evestitae group have only ternate leaves. Of those only three species have large distribution ranges and may occur rather frequently: they are Potentilla macrantha Ledeb. (P jacutica Juz. of Russian authors), distributed from the Ural Mts. in the west to the Chukotka Peninsula in the east and southwards to Yaku-tiya; further, P evestita Th. Wolf (incl. P regeliana Th. Wolf), common in the mountains from southern Siberia to Tajikistan, from there reaching as far as Kashmir; and finally, P grisea Juz., growing in the southern part of the former Soviet Central Asia, reaching Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. The five remaining species are local taxa with small distribution ranges.
Potentilla turkestanica belongs to the Evesti-tae subgroup with digitate leaves. Two other species also have similar leaves: P anjuica V.V. Petrovsky, an endemic of western Chukotka, and P. alluvialis V.V. Petrovsky & Soják from Yakutiya. The growth habit and characters of P turkestanica strongly resemble those of P. anjuica but this is probably only due to morphological convergence as these species completely differ in their putative parents. Potentil-la anjuica possesses a distinct indumentum of petioles, consisting of a single type of straight hairs, and leaflets with acute teeth, whereas P turkestanica has petioles with indumentum consisting of two types of hairs and leaflets with obtuse teeth. Potentilla alluvialis differs from P turkestanica in having much narrower episepals, leaflets beneath with shorter
Fig. Scans of two specimens of Potentilla turkestanica from the Taldura River valley, Altai Mts., Russia (M. Hájek & P. Hájková, 2005, BRNU 579455).
indumentum and distinctive shape of their teeth. These characters clearly document the involvement of the northern P. stipularis as one hybrid parent in the origin of P alluvialis. However, the distribution range of P stipularis does not reach southern Siberia; therefore it could not participate in the formation of P turkestanica.
According to the authors of the name, P ju-natovii Rudaya & A.L. Ebel, described recently from western Mongolia (Rudaya, Ebel, 2002), belongs to the affinity of P turkestanica. Its leaves, however, have only straight hairs (tomentum is missing completely), and its plants have large flowers and a carpet-like growth habit. Two hybrid species, which have pinnate leaves and do not belong to the Evesti-tae group, occur in western Mongolia and in neighbouring areas of southern Siberia. These species can also produce forms with digitate leaves, which may resemble P turkestanica. One of them is P chionea Soják, which differs from P turkestanica mainly in having a long petiolar indumentum and leaflets of all leaves densely white-tomentose beneath. The other species is P chamaeleo Soják, which is eglandular, unlike P turkestanica, which has numerous glands that are well visible under a magnifier.
Most discriminate characters of P turkestanica, including indumentum of leaves, stems and calyces, are very similar to those of P evestita. The latter, however, always has ternate leaves, and 5-fo-liolate leaves can never occur, which is corroborated
by numerous gatherings in Saint Petersburg (LE) and by field observations by the first author at numerous localities in Mongolia and in Central Asian republics of the former USSR (see also Juzepczuk, 1941; Li et al., 2003).
Potentilla turkestanica was described from the Eastern Tian Shan in north-western China (province Xinjiang, formerly Sinkiang). Apart from two type specimens from China, another three gatherings from western Mongolia have been known; they were made in the Mongolian Altai in 1947 and 1983. The locality above the Chuya steppe is situated ca 220 km and 770 km from the sites known until recently. Therefore we assume that P turkestanica is a rare species over its whole distribution range, well explored by Russian botanists.
Acknowledgements
We thank the local staff of our expeditions for their support during the fieldwork. The mosses were identified by S. Kubesová (Moravian Museum, Brno). Dana Michalcová (Brno) helped us to improve the scan of herbarium specimens. This research was funded by the Czech Science Foundation (P504/11/0454), the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic (MSM0021622416) and by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AV0Z60050516).
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