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Rakhimov Sherzod Saidovich, a specialist of Informational and Methodological Service of the Center for Secondary Specialized Vocational Education, Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Independent researcher Ph D., of the National University of Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF CITIZENS IS THE MAIN INDICATOR OF THIS DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY
Abstract: The article provides information on the main indicator of civil society is the fact that it is political activity of citizens, identification of political participation of citizens in political processes, determination the level of political activity and continuation of political activity.
Keywords: civil society, political activity, political participation, political degrees, political parties, democratic indicators, elections, the mass media.
The Strategies for Action in the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021 have given impetus to the activation of citizens in our society [1]. One of the most important and priority issues in the Action Strategy is the urgent need for citizens to pursue political activity today, such as the effectiveness of the role and functioning of civil society institutions in society and their social and political activism.
In civil society, along with political parties, NGOs also provide social, political support for their citizens through their activities in promoting political, social activities of citizens.
Nowadays, there are more than 9,000 NGOs in the country, and there are 29 international and non-governmental organizations with branches and representative offices [2, 19].
We will consistently continue the path ofextensive political, economic and social reforms initiated by the first President Islam Karimov. This is a solid foundation for building a free, democratic, humane state, building a civil society, raising the economic power of our Homeland and further prosperity [3, 8].
We know that democratization of society is activated based on these different stages of reform, existing features and experiences in society. Democratization of society requires a number of specific conditions, including:
- the existence of the supreme representative body elected by the people;
- the availability of free choice and can be selected;
- the existence of a political system with several parties comprised of several candidates;
- the presence of elections in self-governing bodies;
- freedom of mass communication, pluralism of opinions.
Media is the only means of regulating and linking social relationships between political power and citizens, and providing transparency among them.
Today, more popularization and activation of social networks among citizens testifies to the rapid exchange of information between them. While it is possible to observe the social activity of citizens, creation of socio-political, legal basis of this activity is a requirement of time.
One of the main factors in determining democratic indicators in the society is primarily processes related to the activities of political parties. One of the most pressing tasks for political parties to exercise leadership is to increase the political activity of citizens. This is especially true for citizens in meeting their political and social needs. This will help to achieve common goals and interests. Achieving a common goal in the community's life can lead to a more democratic or further consolidation of democracy.
Political activity is a part of the political system and the generality of citizen movements to achieve collective goals.
The simplest form of activity is interest to political activity. The more active form is participation in rallies, speeches, participation in various mass movements, regular voting at elections.
Indeed, according to Article 33 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, citizens have the right to carry out their social activities in the form of meetings, assemblies and demonstrations in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The peculiarity of a politically active citizen is that they are actively involved in the political life of society. Such citizens are also active in political awareness and literacy, and believe that they can participate in and influence political decision-
POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF CITIZENS IS THE MAIN INDICATOR OF THIS DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY
making processes. By participating in this, they show that they have a certain position in their community. This is an opportunity to take part in political life. In such a society, citizens are interconnected from one another in political-cultural, political-ideological, political-regulatory, political-economic, political-social and political information systems.
In political activities, besides demonstrations, oppositions and other social movements, the issues of public participation, political activism and citizen participation are used in the political system as a political activity. In political system have a political activity such as lobbying is to study the social problems of the population or inform the public, study the laws proposed, and participate in political companies.
Another distinctive feature of political activity is the lobbyist movement. Lobbyism (specific lobbies) is a specific type of activity, which is the targeted influence of citizens or nongovernmental organizations on the decision-making process by public authorities [4, 164].
In political processes, meetings between officials (Parliament, Government, local Council) and citizens, nongovernmental organizations and other political institutions of the Community are targeted and formal decisions, such as laws, regulations, government programs, local programs, normative a form of political influence in accepting documents. The goal of targeting can serve a particular group or be useful to the entire society.
The negative aspect of the lobbying movement is that certain groups in society can have a targeted impact on decision-making in their own interests through various corruption factors, such as "buying vote " and so on, which would have negative effects on other groups in society.
The important part of lobbying for society is the submission of ideas and suggestions of civil society institutions and citizens to vital issues and issues to the Parliament and the Government as a political process characterizing the democratic change in society.
Participation in political activity in the UK is divided into official and informal activities.
Official participation is official forums and processes. These include election and electoral processes, referendums, political parties, and public rallies.
Informal participation is a diverse range of activities that go beyond this official activity. For example, online activity, such as signing petitions, buying or boycotting products due to a political process, discussing political issues among friends and families.
Over the past 50 years, Britain has dropped its share of official politics. It is also known for the participation of citizens in political parties. However, new forms of political participation have begun to emerge, which is an online activity that
is intensified by the fact that the structure of the system is a younger group of people, and their interest in entering a new type of informal political activity is primarily the issue raised by the Internet.
Social, economic, technological and political reasons are factors that influence the formal and informal political participation [5, 2].
Today, the role of Internet-Online has a great role in strengthening the political activity of citizens. In this regard, Ho Yan Yong, a US-based scientist, argues that in his research, political participation in the political system is much more active through the establishment of partnerships through the internet and the media than public or individual political participation.
As a result of the research, it has been established that the internet has increased from 12 to 26 percent in the electoral process, political participation, particularly in political demonstrations, rallies, and petition signing processes, either public or private [6, 15].
Political participation of citizens in the society, their political activity is widely practiced, in which the influence of citizens on the processes of decision making in the most important changes in society. This exposure can be exploited by a public, private, or third party.
In the society must be a specific policy regulation that identifies the level of political activity as well as raising political activity of citizens.
For example, the UK Parliament is actively monitoring and overseeing the political activity of citizens [7, 52]. The main reason for studying political activity is: firstly, identifying the participation of all social groups in the political process,
secondly, to identify a real activity of citizens because of the different political consciousness and culture of citizens,
thirdly, to identify the effects of laws, regulations, lobbyist activities, party activities and the impact of civil society on all members of the society,
Political activity monitoring should be carried out in order to ensure a continuous tendency to political activity. Its purpose is to determine the level of political activity, to think about what citizens are doing or what they are doing, whether they are involved in political processes or whether they are officially or informal.
Participation and activity levels of citizens in political processes can be determined by the following indicators:
- rate of voting;
- the level of political participation, the level of membership with political parties and non-political organizations
- membership fees or donations;
- creating or signing an electronic petition;
- make inquiries to local, regional or national Councils;
- boycotting moral, political or natural issues;
- make a contribution to the discussion through the networks;
- create or sign a petition;
- interest of citizens in political news
- participation in public councils;
- participation in mass movements, actions;
- participation in the meetings;
- payment of membership fees or charitable contributions to political parties;
- such as the freedom of access to the media.
It is through these indicators that you can define the level of democracy in society.
For example, the Index of Democracy is defined by the British Economist Intelligence Unit. The definition of this indicator is determined by five categories of 60 questions: electoral processes and pluralism [8, 84], civil liberties, government activities, political participation and political culture [9].
The issue of political activeness of citizens is a sociopolitical process formed over the years, and the factor that forms the basis of state and public co-operation is citizen activity.
As we know, there are specific adaptation processes for the active involvement of citizens in the life of society, and there should be opportunities for them to be able to improve the conditions, rights and freedoms and political activism necessary for the implementation of the adaptation process. If all the sociopolitical, legal and institutional conditions for the political will and desire of citizens in the state and society are created, the activity of the citizens in this society becomes stronger day by day. The activation will further strengthen democracy.
In summary, I say that the main factor of the development of society is the rise of political activity. At the moment of liberal and democratic changes in the life of society, the driving force of such reforms is political activity in the citizens. If there is political activity in the citizens, processes and changes in society will be proportionate to the interests of the citizens.
In Uzbekistan, the introduction of the practice of studying the issues of political and social activity of citizens and the level of political participation is a very urgent requirement. Studying the level of political activity on a regular basis, the existing problems will be studied, the level of activity will be determined, appropriate measures will be taken on the basis of the results. This ensures balance between society and the state.
References:
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7,- 2017. "On the Strategy for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan" - PF-4947 - URL: http://lex.uz
2. Appeal by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoev to the Oliy Majlis on December 22,- 2017.
3. Sh. Mirziyoev "We build a free and prosperous democratic state of Uzbekistan." - Tashkent: Uzbekistan,- 2016.- B. 58.- P. 8.
4. The Glossary of the Uzbek language, "National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan", "L".- T.- 164 p.
5. Trends in Political Participation - Postnote (Parlamentary office of science and technology) - Number 498.-June 2015.- 2 p.
6. Triangular Relationship Between the Internet, Institution, and Political Participation by Ho Young Yoon. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Journalism and Mass Communication) at the University OfWisconsin-Madison / 2017. Date of final oral examination: 06/06/2017. On page 151.
7. Ruth Fox and Joel Blackwell, Lawrence Mackay and Luke Boga Mitchell. Audit of Political Engagement 14 - The - 2017. Report // Copyright © Hansard Society - 2017.- 84 p.- on page 52.
8. Pluralism [Lot. Pluralis is a rarity, a large number.] 1. The combination ofvarious forms of political, economic and cultural life is the basic principle of the legal society. 2. The diversity, plurality of ideas, views, interests, etc., that allows freedom ofchoice. The explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language, "National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan", - 84 p.
9. URL: http://pages.eiu.com/rs/753-RIQ-438/ images/Democracy_Index_2017.pdf
