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Section 5. Political sociology
Dr. Dinh Trung Thanh, Associate Professor, Vinh University Nguyen Thi My Huong, Masters, Vinh University Lu Quang Ngoi, Masters Ph D., student at Vinh University Dr. Ton Nu Hai Yen, Vinh University E-mail: dinhtrungthanhdhv@gmail.com
POLICY OF SOCIAL SECURITY POLICY IN VIETNAM
Abstract. Theoretical and practical evidence shows that Vietnam's social security system model is very rich and diverse with many components, contents, overlapping and complex. In fact, social security is carried out in both broad and narrow sense with increasing social investment and economic growth. However, from the perspective of people's income, the absolute value and the proportion of income from social security still account for a small proportion with a low absolute value and there is a manifestation of the lack of distribution symmetrical. This calls for the development of a social security law and the development of criteria and standards for the effective implementation of social security policies that contribute to sustainable development.
Keywords: social security policy; policy enforcement; social security in Vietnam; role of social security in Vietnam; enhance social security.
1. Social security policy Robert M. Ball in his book Social Security Today
1.1 Theoretical background on social security and Tomorrow [1] mentions the concept of Social
policy Security (a system of policies that support those who
Social policy is a kind of policy institutionalized by are (or are threatened) by lack of income (which is
state law, a system ofviews, guidelines, directions and wage) or other special expenditures) and refer to the
measures to solve social problems posed for a time and programs that governments have set up to help peo-
not. Time, first of all the social issues related to human ple at risk of loss or loss of income; Social security
life on the principles of progress and social justice, in is seen as a protection for the public against social
order to contribute to the stable and sustainable de- risks. John Dixon in Social Security in the Global
velopment of the country. The basic social policies in- Perspective [4] mentions that a country's social
clude population policy, family policy, health policy, security is intended to provide public (cash and in
education policy, policies for classes and classes in kind) measures for random events. However, the law
society; policy for the gender, social security policy ... stipulates that people have a right to enjoy, includ-
ing loss of income or inadequate incomes, offsetting the cost of living for dependents; Social security is only available to individuals and households who fall victim to sudden or sudden loss of income - social security focuses only on poverty, social exclusion and poverty. Reinsurance is not considered part of social security. M. Grosh, C. Ninno, E. Tesliuc and A. Ouerghi on Social Protection and Social Promotion: Designing and Implementing Effective Social Security [6] It is used to help those who fall from the top down economically before they fall into poverty, either subsidizing or providing a minimum income to those who are in a poor, permanent state. longer.
In Social Security in Vietnam towards 2020, author Vu Van Phuc [9] states that social security is a social policy of the state to implement preventive measures, limiting and correcting risks, ensuring income and living security for members in society [8, p. 14]. In his book Social Security Policy and the Role of the State in Implementing Social Security in Vietnam, Nguyen Van Chieu said that social security policies are the protection measures of the home. to prevent, limit and remedy the risks to their members when they lose or reduce their income due to illness, maternity, labor accidents, occupational diseases, unemployment or old age no labor or other objective reasons through social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, social benefits and social assistance [3, p. 18]. Social security policy is understood as a system of guidelines, guidelines and measures to ensure income and other essential conditions for individuals, families and communities in the face of economic and social changes. and naturally causes them to lose or lose their ability to work or lose their jobs, sickness, illness or death; For lonely old people, orphans, disabled people, vulnerable people, war victims, people affected by natural disasters. This is a system of policies to prevent, reduce and remedy risks through social insurance, social relief and social assistance activities. The goal of social security policy is to ensure income and other essential living conditions for all members of society.
The subject of social security policy is all people, including those in the labor category, those who have not yet reached the working age and those who have reached the working age, including those of social polic urban and rural poor, women, children, youth, the disabled and ethnic minorities ... [2, p. 22-25].
Social security policy is understood as a system of guidelines, guidelines and measures to ensure income and other essential conditions for individuals, families and communities in the face of economic and social changes. and naturally causes them to lose or lose their ability to work or lose their jobs, sickness, illness or death; For lonely old people, orphans, disabled people, vulnerable people, war victims, people affected by natural disasters.
1.2. The role of social security in society
In modern society, countries, on the one hand, aim at promoting all resources, especially human resources for economic growth, enhancing the competitiveness of 28 economies to create sustainable development and more and more prosperous for the country; On the other hand, the social security system is constantly being improved to help people, especially the laborers, to cope with social risks, especially the risks in the market economy and the commune risk. other associations. In addition to the overall impact of rich countries, social security policies can contribute to the socio-economic development of poor countries.
This is reflected in the following aspects: First, social security policies affect the accumulation of human capital as it improves the level of education and human health, eliminating the forms worst of poverty, poverty. Secondly, social security policies also have a positive impact on the demand side as it is a redistribution of purchasing power and benefits the domestic production of goods and services. Third, social security policies contribute significantly to the creation of conditions for a sustainable social and political environment. When the benefits of economic growth reach all people, including former social groups that are marginalized, this will contribute to
reducing social and political disorder. These impacts stem from the redistributive nature of the social security system.
1.3 Enforcement of social security policy
Social security policy implementation is the process ofturning policies, measures, and measures related to the social security system into actual outcomes through organized activities in the state apparatus. and the wide participation of organizations, units, families, individuals and the whole society, in order to realize the objectives set by the policy. It is the process of implementing the social security policy system (social assistance, social benefits, social insurance, health insurance, employment .) into reality with tools, state machine to realize the goal set [7, p. 44]. How does the implementation of social security policy relate to the various sections (state agencies making social security policies, executing agencies implementing social security policies, social security beneficiaries, beneficiaries of policy) and basic steps in the implementation of social security policy.
How does the implementation of social security policy relate to the various sections (state agencies making social security policies, executing agencies implementing social security policies, social security beneficiaries, beneficiaries ofpolicy) and basic steps in the implementation of social security policy. In fact, these divisions often do not have absolute isolation but are interwoven and integrated (such as social policy-makers, policy beneficiaries, etc.). Implementation of steps in the implementation of social security policies must be considered at the level of enforcement subject: Social policy, social protection policy is central planning (national policy), then The implementation of social security policy is the local government at all levels.
On the basis of national policies, local authorities at all levels, on the basis of local conditions, continue to institutionalize national policies through the issuance of decisions, plans and programs. local policy) and implementation arrangements to realize these policies. In terms of relativity, therefore, it can be
seen that implementing a social security policy of a province or city is just one part of the policy cycle (planning, implementation, evaluation) and It can be seen that the implementation implies the whole policy cycle (local policy) with all three steps (planning, implementation, evaluation).
2. Evaluate the implementation of social security policy in Vietnam during 1986-2017
Through 30 years of implementing the renovation policy, the work of ensuring social security in Vietnam has achieved many important results. The social security system is increasingly synchronous and complete with the coverage is constantly expanding. The material and spiritual life of the people has been constantly improved. Social security has become a strong backstop for the poor and the vulnerable in society, contributing to the formation of a society without social exclusion and ensuring the socialist orientation of social cohesion. develop the country. To date, the work of ensuring social security has achieved many outstanding achievements, the people agreed and international appreciated: The social sector has achieved many important achievements, especially poverty reduction, job creation, preferential treatment for people with meritorious services, education and training, health care, support for people with special difficulties, family affairs and gender equality. The material and spiritual life of people with meritorious services, the poor and ethnic minorities has been improved, contributing to the consolidation of the people's confidence and social and political stability. Vietnam is recognized by the United Nations as one of the leading countries in implementing some of the MDGs [5, p. 104].
Institutionally, in the recent years of renewal, the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Government ofVietnam have formulated and implemented many important social security policies, mobilizing many resources of the whole society. Helping people (ethnic minorities, the poor, the lonely elderly, children and vulnerable people) to rise up in life. Policies and solutions to ensure social security are implemented
in all three aspects: Help beneficiaries increase access to public services, especially in health, education, teaching legal aid, housing, ...; Support production development through policies on market guarantee, credit, employment; Develop essential infrastructure for localities to serve people better. The legal system of social security is becoming more and more perfect, which has become an important legal foundation for regulating social relations. The social security system has been developed with increasing content and forms, to share risks and provide practical assistance to the participants. Social insurance is implemented in three types: compulsory insurance (social insurance and health insurance), voluntary insurance and unemployment insurance.
However, the work of ensuring social security in Vietnam still has many shortcomings and weaknesses: poverty reduction is not sustainable, people in ethnic minority areas, remote areas are more difficult, The rich and poor, divided between regions, tend to expand. Underemployment in rural areas, urbanization and unemployment in urban areas is still high. The resources to implement social security are limited, mainly based on the state budget, with coverage and low support levels, not keeping pace with the development of the socialist-oriented market economy. means. The balance between the source and use of the social security system, including social insurance funds, health insurance and social protection schemes, is limited and faces great challenges in the short term, as well as medium and long term. Social insurance funds, especially health insurance funds, are in a state of emergency in the near future. Investment resources for social security of the State hard to meet the requirements of social security of increasing people, while mobilizing from other sources, especially from the community is limited, especially countryside. Forms of insurance do not meet the diverse needs of the people; The quality of services is generally low, still occur not less negative, troublesome. Some unreasonable social security policies exist; There are no specific social security
policies and suitable for rural people and mountainous and ethnic minority areas with difficult living conditions. The quality of provision of social security services, especially health services, is limited, not meeting the requirements of socio-economic development and increasing the living standard of the population. The administrative system and the social security service have not kept pace with the development requirements, and are limited in their ability to organize and manage social security [8].
3. Solutions to strengthen the implementation of social security policy in Vietnam
To bring into full play the initiative of the whole political system in formulating programs and plans for the implementation of a system of uniform and effective social welfare policies.
First, the social security policy must be specified by action programs, target programs, implementation plans; To promulgate documents guiding the implementation of the policy; Development of development projects and projects. These procedures provide an environment for policy implementation, which stipulates the requirements and steps needed to implement the policy.
Second, prepare resources for policy implementation; mobilize resources. On the basis of such programs, the authorities should concretize the social security programs into specific schemes and decisions and assign specific responsibilities of the departments and localities in implementation process. Planning programs must be concretized in terms of objectives and roadmaps in relation to the objectives and roadmap for the implementation of the country's socio-economic development tasks and regularly monitored and monitored. performance with high determination.
Promoting propaganda and advocacy to promote the synergy of all organizations, community groups and all people in expanding the social security system associated with the community. Addressing the issue of social security in the context of poor countries, if only based on the budget will not be able to achieve the goal. Therefore, the promotion of synergy based
on high consensus of society is necessary and attaches to the following measures:
- Promote the propaganda and mobilization among the people, make the spirit of mutual support, the spirit of community must be improved and solid. Strengthening the communication to create an atmosphere of understanding, consensus and willingness to participate in activities of social security nature of people in the future is very important. The propaganda and advocacy work must be diversified, diversified and suitable for each type of people in the social security system; To propagate policies, policies and types of insurance for people to understand and choose -especially the Law on Insurance for all workers and people to understand the responsibilities, rights and interests. To participate in social insurance and health insurance. Along with propaganda and advocacy measures, there should be strict measures of punishment and sanctions by the government for enterprises that deliberately commit violations and refuse to perform their social responsibilities.
- Assign, coordinate, maintain and adjust in a synchronous and timely manner in the implementation of specific solutions in the social security system. The social security policy system is often implemented in a large area with many types and organizations involved so there must be coordination and reasonable division to accomplish well tasks. On the other hand, the implementation of social security policy objectives is extremely diversified and complex, intermingling and promoting each other, so it is necessary to coordinate the levels and branches to implement the main Active science books will be highly effective, because they remain stable. In order to maintain the policy, there must be a synergy of many factors, such as: the government is the organiz-
er of the policy implementation to create favorable conditions and environment for the policy implementation; Policy-makers have the responsibility to actively participate in the implementation ofpolicies. The timely adjustment of policy is necessary, taking place regularly in the process of implementing the policy-this adjustment must meet the preservation of the original policy objectives, only adjust the measures, the implementation mechanism of the target ... Therefore; It is necessary to assign, coordinate, maintain and adjust in a synchronous and timely manner the implementation of specific measures in the social security system.
- Strictly observe the regulations on publicity, transparency, inspection and supervision of the implementation of the law on social security. The implementation of policies in the recent time has created a great social consensus among the majority of people is the Party, the Government at all levels have strictly implemented the Decision No. 31/2011 June 2, 2011 The Prime Minister shall stipulate the publicity, transparency, inspection and supervision of the implementation of the law on social security.
State management agencies shall have to regularly monitor, urge and guide agencies, organizations and individuals to ensure the implementation of social safety regulations applicable to the right subjects. standards, standards, norms; Timely prevent mistakes in the implementation process. Political and social organizations, media agencies and the media shall supervise in accordance with law in order to ensure the objective and effectiveness of the implementation of social security regulations. Citizens, individuals and organizations are responsible for promptly and honestly reporting on issues related to the implementation of social security law [10].
References:
1. Robert M. Ball. Social Security Today and Tomorrow, Columbia University Press. 1978.
2. Mai Ngoc Cuong (Editor). Building and finalizing the policy Social Studies in Vietnam, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi. 2009.
3. Nguyen Van Chieu. Social Security Policy and the Role of the State In implementing the social security policy in Vietnam, Political Publishing House country - Truth, Hanoi. 2014.
4. John Dixon. Social Security in Global Perspective, Praeger. 1999.
5. Communist Party of Viet Nam, Central Committee for Propaganda and Education. Research paper Resolving the Resolution of the 5th Plenum of the Central Executive Committee XI, National Political Publishing House - Truth, Hanoi. 2012.
6. Grosh M., Ninno C., Tesliuc E. and Ouerghi A. Social protection and Socializing: Designing and implementing an effective social security system, Publishing company Culture and Information, Hanoi. 2008.
7. Le Quoc Ly. Social Security Policy - Situation and Solutions, National Political Publishing House - Truth, Hanoi. 2014.
8. Vu Van Phuc. "Social Security in Our Country: Some Theoretical and Practical Issues". Journal of Communism, 2012.- 834 p.
9. Vu Van Phuc. Social Security in Vietnam towards the year 2020, National Political Publishing House -Truth, Hanoi. 2012.
10. The Prime Minister. Decision No. 31/2011/ QD-TTg dated June 02, 2011 regulates publicity, transparency, inspection and supervision Implement social security law, Hanoi. 2011.
