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Sotvoldiev A. senior lecturer department of humanities Andijan Machine-Building Institute
PLACE OF SOCIOLOGY IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Annotation: This article discusses the place of sociology in the system of social sciences.
Key words: science, social studies, sociology, society, civilization.
In the early stages of its development, sociology claimed the status of "science of all social sciences", i.e. universal science, the only one studying society as a whole, and therefore other sciences that study its individual segments should receive the status of "subdisciplines" in the system of sociological knowledge - this was called "sociological imperialism." With the development of sociological science, the enrichment of ideas about its methodology and theory, this approach has ceased to dominate. Modern sociological methodology proceeds from the fact that it is sociology that studies society as a system of social interaction, and therefore the sociological approach is valuable for any science about society, but this is not a reason to consider it a "section of sociology", i.e. sociology is an independent social science; it is in rather complicated interaction with other social sciences, quite often fulfilling methodological functions in relation to these sciences in the search for explanations of the social aspects of their problems.
Knowing the object, subject and methods of sociology research, we can determine its place in the system of social sciences. The social sciences include academic disciplines that study a person's being in the aspect of his social activities and use the scientific method and scientific standards. Both the natural sciences (nature sciences) and the social sciences, although they have different objects of cognition, use similar general scientific methods and means, therefore, the absolute distinction or opposition of these sciences is unlawful. However, there is a certain specificity in the study of social phenomena, which consists in the fact that social (social) sciences, to a greater extent than natural ones, relate to the needs and interests of people, therefore the problem of matching objective reality and the impartiality of research on social phenomena is more acute and difficult to solve. But it is solved in the same way as in scientific research of nature - by improving the means and methods of studying problems. Along with the natural and social sciences, there is also humanitarian knowledge (literary criticism, art history, and much more) that uses specific methods of cognition different from the social sciences. (Nevertheless, sometimes the social sciences are regarded as related to the humanities, which indicates their general difference from the natural sciences, which are aimed at studying the objective laws of nature.)
Humanitarian knowledge is distinguished by a variety of meanings, each of which acquires a peculiarity depending on the "context" (for example, a different
reading of a literary work or interpretation of an event of the past under various concrete historical conditions, including political and ideological ones) is possible. Pitirim Sorokin, determining the difference between sociology and other sciences, pointed out that in the group of social and humanitarian disciplines, sociology fulfills its task and fulfills its functions in ways that are clearly distinct from other sciences. At the same time, he saw its difference from history and other individualizing sciences in the fact that sociology is a generalizing science.
From sciences, which, like sociology, are generalizing (economics, political science, law, etc.), sociology, according to P. Sorokin, is different in several respects. For starters, such branches of knowledge as economics, political science, law, etc., study only one area of public life (economics - economic relations, political science -political relations, law - legal, etc.). Sociology, on the other hand, is studying the "tribal" sign of social phenomena that occurs in almost all social processes, be they economic, political, creative, religious, philosophical processes in their interconnections with each other (P. Sorokin) [2].Another difference between sociology and these sciences is the significant differences in their interpretation of human nature and the relationship between various social phenomena. So, in contrast to the economy, which proclaims the existence of homo economicus as a purely economic being controlled only by economic interests, which implies that economic phenomena are isolated from other sociocultural phenomena (religious, legal, political, moral, etc.), sociology considers a person as a multifaceted creature -economic, political, religious, aesthetic, moral, i.e. characterized by the continuous interaction of all these aspects. Accordingly, each social phenomenon, as already noted, is studied by sociology in conjunction with other social phenomena and taking into account their interdependence.We note that sociology has always actively used and today uses in its research the achievements of other sciences about society and man, for example, such as demography, anthropology, psychology, statistics, political science, economic, legal sciences, etc. At the same time, the use of sociological research methods is becoming more common in these sciences, which indicates a peculiar "sociologization" of modern scientific, in particular social, knowledge. However, the dependence of sociology itself on these sciences is indisputable, since they make a significant contribution to its theoretical base. A close connection in sociology exists with social psychology and anthropology.
Social psychology is an interdisciplinary field of knowledge (at the intersection of sociology and psychology). The subject of social psychology is both the consciousness and behavior of the individual, due to both interaction with other people and the influence of a particular social group, as well as the characteristics of these groups themselves. This science considers society as a simple set of individual acts occurring in the psyche, behavior and activity (microsociological theories are essentially close to social psychology).Unlike sociologists who study societies with developed industrial cultures and institutional interactions, social anthropologists study local, relatively simple, pre-industrial cultures and societies (tribes, other communities of ancient people) that have been preserved among some peoples to this day.The close connection of sociology and political science is indisputable. This relationship is that the clarification of the laws of political life is effective only if the
analysis of society as a social system. The interaction of sociology and political science contributed to the emergence and formation of a relatively new scientific branch - political sociology.Sociology actively collaborates with social statistics - the branch of statistics science, the subject of which is the social sphere of society, the sphere of social relations and processes. Social statistics provides sociology with an extensive information base for the analysis of changes in social relations and processes, for orientation in the behavior of representatives of various layers and groups, makes it possible to prepare scientifically sound national and regional social programs, current social policies, develop reliable forecasts and social development projects.Sociology, pretending to impartiality and "purity" of knowledge, trying not to take into account the casual and unique, can not do without history. And moreover, the historical approach is an integral part of sociological generalization (generalization), not a single sociological research is done without it, aimed at a deep and comprehensive analysis of social reality.
At the same time, modern historical knowledge is increasingly turning to sociology, using, in particular, its methods of cognition of society, both in retrospective and in modern contexts.There is a close connection between sociology and other empirical sciences about society, the subject of which often almost completely coincides with the subject of branch sociology. It is often difficult to distinguish between economics and economic sociology. To this day, there is a rather serious problem of distinguishing between the sociology of management, the sociology of management and social management.
So, sociology functions in close cooperation with the complex of social sciences and humanities, generating ideas, theories about a person, his place and role in the system of social connections, etc. Its significance for other sciences lies in the fact that it produces a scientifically based theory about society and its structures, equips with an understanding of the laws and laws of their interaction, since sociology always approaches the consideration of issues and problems from the point of view of their social meaning.
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