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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2020-15-4-38-43
Physical training of female students at North-Eastern State University during the period of studying at a higher educational establishment
Nina V. Zaytseva, Ekaterina E. Kudlova*, Inessa V. Averyanova
North-Eastern State University Magadan, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-8012-5027, nin_angel@mail.ru ORCID: 0000-0002-6857-6861, eelubimtseva@gmail.com* ORCID: 0000-0002-4511-6782, Inessa1382@mail.ru
Abstract: Physical training is an important index of a person's health state, close connection between them was observed by the scientists long ago. Nowadays there is physical health state level decrease in students in Russian regions. It is connected with unfavorable ecological situation, social-economic conditions of life, bad habits, sedentary life style, genetically conditioned factors and etc. Every year, as the practice shows, we observe the increase of students, who study in special medical groups. About 90% of young people have health problems and more than 50% have insufficient physical fitness. Materials. Physical readiness monitoring in order to get information for physical upbringing control and its quality improvement. Research methods. Information sources analysis and summarizing, female students' physical readiness analysis, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. We present the results of 4-year monitoring of physical readiness level in 1110 female students from North-Eastern State University (NESU) during their studying at the age of 17-21. The received results show that the level of physical readiness in female students of NESU didn't have considerable differences from the indices of their coevals from other regions of the country and in some cases exceeded them. Positive dynamics of physical readiness during their study at the University was registered relative to two analyzed tests from 6 ("Lean forward from sitting position" and "Skipping"). At the same time, negative dynamics was registered in the following indices: "Standing long-jump", "Dip up". We registered multidirectional character of the dynamics relative to the following tests: "Body lifting from dorsal position" and "Shuttle run" with the highest indices at the 3rd course and the decrease by the 4th course of study. Female students of all courses of study had a low index in "Standing long-jump" test, other normatives were fulfilled for 4 and 5 points. Conclusion. The revealed peculiarities of physical readiness level in female students at NESU should be taken into account during physical culture lessons planning and organization. Keywords: female students, physical qualities testing, physical readiness level.
For citation: Nina V. Zaytseva, Ekaterina E. Kudlova*, Inessa V. Averyanova. Physical training of female students at North-Eastern State University during the period of studying at a higher educational establishment. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2020; 15(4): 33-37. DOI: 10.14526/20704798-2020-15-4-38-43
INTRODUCTION
Physical training is an important index of a person's health state, close connection between them was observed by the scientists long ago. The aim of physical readiness monitoring is getting information. It is necessary for physical upbringing process control and its quality improvement. The main conditional physical qualities, according to which monitoring was realized, are the following: quickness, endurance, power [1]. Nowadays there is physical health state level decrease among students in Russian regions [2]. It is connected with unfavorable ecological situation, social-economic
conditions of life, bad habits, sedentary life style, genetically conditioned factors and etc. [3]. Every year, as the practice shows, we observe the increase of students, who study in special medical groups. About 90% of young people have health problems and more than 50% have insufficient physical fitness [4].
Earlier we considered the peculiarities of physical readiness in male students of NESU [5], but there were no same research works among girls. The aim of our research work was to study the dynamics of the main physical readiness indices in female students of North-Eastern State University
(from the 1st till the 4th courses).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In order to achieve the set aim during the period since 2004 till 2019 we organized physical readiness examination in female students from North-Eastern State University. 1110 girls took part in the research. 17 years-old (the 1st course) - 270 girls, 18 years-old (the 2nd course) - 370 girls, 19 years-old (the 3rd course) - 270 girls, 20 years-old (the 4th course) - 200 girls. Table 1 - Control normatives for female students' physical readiness estimation
Physical readiness analysis was held according to the following indices: standing longjump with two legs push (cm), dip up lying on the floor (quantity), body lifting from dorsal position (quantity), lean forward from sitting position with straight legs (from the heels level - cm), shuttle run 4*15 m (sec.), skipping on two legs during 1 minute (quantity), 100 m running (sec.). Physical readiness estimation was held in accordance with the estimating means fund of "Physical culture and sport elective courses" work program (table 1).
N Exercises (normatives) M [ark in poi nts
5 4 3 2 1
1. Standing long-jump with two legs push (cm) 190 180 168 160 150
2. Body lifting from dorsal position (quantity) 60 55 50 45 40
3. Dip up lying on the floor (quantity) 20 17 14 10 7
4. Skipping on two legs during 1 minute (quantity) 140 130 120 110 100
5. Shuttle run 4*15 m (sec.) 16.0 16.6 17.2 18.0 18.8
6. Lean forward from sitting position with straight legs (from the heels level - cm) 18 15 12 9 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 2 presents the results of physical readiness estimation in female students from Magadan during the period of studying at a higher educational establishment. The received results show that the tests results for dynamic power of lower extremities muscles - "standing long-jump" - had negative dynamics by the 4th course and during all periods of the research corresponded with "satisfactory" mark. It should be noted that the average values of this index, received in our research, exceed the results of the tests in female students from Adygei State University (Maykop). They had the following standing long-jump indices: 157,8±21,1 cm [6], girls of the Baikal region, whose average values of standing long-jump were 159,6±6,6 cm [7], female students from South-Ural State University (Chelyabinsk) - 166 ± 4,62 cm [8], and didn't differ from the results of female students from Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov [9] and the Institute of Natural and Technical Sciences of Surgut State University [10], where the results were the following: 173,21±2,5 cm
and 173,2 cm.
Speed-power flexor muscles endurance characteristic "body lifting from dorsal position" corresponded with "good" mark during all periods of the research. At the same time the best result was typical for the girls of the 3rd course with the tendency of decrease during the last course of study. The received during our research results in female students turned out to be higher, than in the respondents from the Institute of Natural and Technical Sciences of Surgut State University (49,9) [10,11,12,13,14], in female students from technical higher educational establishment of the Baikal region (49,02±0,4 times) [7] and in female students from South-Ural State University (Chelyabinsk) (51.6 ± 2,30 times) [8].
Girls' flexibility development, which was defined by fulfilling the lean forward from sitting position on a gymnastic bench, corresponded with "good" mark during all periods of the research. At the same time, we should underline positive dynamics during the period of study at a higher educational establishment, because of the highest index by the
4th course of study.
Physical readiness in the girls during "Dip up lying on the floor" exercise fulfillment corresponded with "good" mark. At the same time, senior courses girls had statistically lower indices in comparison with the girls of the 1st and the 2nd courses.
The results of the test, directed toward endurance, spring ability and coordinating abilities estimation, which were analyzed on the basis of "Skipping on two legs" test, in the girls of the 1st course were the following: 132,22±1,23 times, which corresponds with 3 points, for the 2nd course girls this index was 136,73±1,08 times, which corresponds with 4 points, and for senior course students (the 3rd and the 4th courses) the results of this test fulfillment corresponded with "excellent" mark 139,74 ±1,23 and 138,77 ±1,49 times.
In speed endurance and dexterity test ("Shuttle run") there was a positive dynamics during study with the best values in the 3rd course students and the worst results in the 1st course students.
CONCLUSION
Thus, the received results prove that physical readiness level in female students from NESU didn't differ considerably from the indices of their coevals from other regions of the country and very often exceeded them. At the same time, the results of physical readiness indices monitoring in female students of NESU showed that the improvement during the study at a higher educational establishment was in the following tests: "Lean forward from sitting position" and "Skipping". At the same time, negative dynamics was registered in the following indices: "Standing long-jump", "Dip up". The results of dynamics according to "Body lifting from dorsal position" and "Shuttle run" tests had multidirectional character. It was demonstrated by their fulfillment improvement at the 3rd course and decrease by the 4th course. The received results comparison with the demands of the "Physical culture" discipline program showed that the average values according to the tests had the following point evaluation system: "Long-jump" test results at all courses corresponded with the mark of 3 points, "Dip up lying on the floor", "Body lifting from dorsal position", "Lean forward from
sitting position with straight legs" tests at all courses were equal to 4 points; results of "Skipping on two legs" test at the 1st and the 2nd courses corresponded with "good" mark, at the 3rd and the 4th courses -"excellent" mark; the results of "Shuttle run" test at the 1st course were characterized by "satisfactory" mark, at the 2nd and the 4th courses - "good" mark and at the 3rd course - 5 points. The received results show that physical readiness of female students according to the most of tests corresponded with normative demands. At the same time the students of all courses had the lowest index in "Standing long-jump" test.
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Submitted: 20.10.2020 Author's information:
Nina V. Zaytseva - Senior Lecturer, North-Eastern State University, 685000, Russia, Magadan, Portovaya str., House 13, e-mail: nin angel@mail.ru
Ekaterina E. Kudlova - Senior Lecturer, North-Eastern State University, 685000, Russia, Magadan, Portovaya str., House 13, e-mail: eelubimtseva@gmail.com
Inessa V. Averyanova - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, North-Eastern State University, 685000, Russia, Magadan, Portovaya str., House 13, e-mail: Inessa1382@mail.ru
Table 2 - The main indices of physical readiness among female students of NESU during study at a higher educational establishment
Studied indices Examined group Significance level of differences between the groups
1 course (1) 2 course(2) 3 course(3) 4 course (4) 1-2 2-3 3-4 1-3 2-4 1-4
Standing long-jump with two legs push (cm) 172,I8±I,26 I70,g8±i,i0 i6g,56±i,24 167,93 ±1,57 P=°-47 P=°-39 p=o.4i P=0.14 p=0.11 P<o.05
Dip up lying on the floor (quantity) I8,54±O,35 19,05±0,32 I8,34±O,31 17,49±0,38 p=o.i9 p=0.07 p=o.o8 p=o.66 p<0.001 P<o.05
Body lifting from dorsal position (quantity) 52,79 ±0,77 54,9i±o,63 55,70 ±0,61 53,79±0,83 p<0.05 p=o.36 p=o.o6 p<0.01 p=o.28 P=o.38
Lean forward from sitting position with straight legs (from the heels level - cm) i5,56±o,52 i6,6g±o,5i i6,07±0,34 i7,29±o,5i p=0.12 P=°-3i P<o.o5 P=0.41 p=0.40 p<0.01
Skipping on two legs during l minute (quantity) 132,22±1,23 136,73±I,O8 I39,74±i,4i 138,77*1,49 p<0.01 p=o.og P=o.63 p<0.001 p=0.26 p<0.001
Shuttle run 4x15m (sec.) 17,03±0,54 i6,47±o,5i l6,05±0,12 i6,97±o,74 P=°-45 p=0.42 p=0.22 p=o.o7 P=°-57 p=o.gi
