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8ISSN 2223-4047
Вестник магистратуры. 2020. № 2-6 (101)
УДК 378
Ч.А. Абдурахманова
PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
The article covers the physical education of children in school, the components ofsystems of interrelatedforms ofphysical education ofschoolchildren and the requirements for physical education lessons.
Key words: training, students, activity, group, work.
Physical education of children and adolescents in schools includes passing the norms of the complex. It is characterized by a variety of forms, active involvement in extracurricular and extracurricular sports events, and extensive use of physical exercises in the daily lives of students.
Physical education of students includes the curriculum for physical education; programs for extracurricular and extracurricular sports work with students; the program of classes with students assigned to a special medical group for health reasons; regulations on the team of physical education in schools and extracurricular institutions.
The entire teaching staff of the school takes part in physical education of students, but the Director of the school is responsible for its organization.
The system of interrelated forms of physical education of schoolchildren is made up of:
1) physical education lessons;
2) sports and recreation activities in the school day mode;
3) extracurricular sports and mass work at school;
4) extracurricular sports and mass work;
5) independent physical education classes in the family, in the yard, at stadiums.
The effectiveness of physical education is based on physical education lessons, rationality of the content and volume of physical culture and health elements in the day mode; broad involvement of students in various forms of extracurricular and extracurricular activities in physical culture, sports and tourism; optimal implementation of physical exercises in the daily life of students; regular medical control over the health of students and the formulation of the educational process.
The physical education lesson is the main form of physical education, which necessarily covers all students of the school.
Requirements for physical education lessons are as follows:
1) compliance of the lesson content and the size of the load of health, physical fitness, age and gender of students;
2) methodically correct construction with the allocation of individual structural parts, creating optimal physiological load;
3) performing exercises that promote health and harmonious development;
4) follow the sequence of lessons, their correct combination with other lessons in the schedule of the school day and week;
5) conducting classes in a special room (gym), on a specially equipped area, on a ski track or in a swimming
pool;
6) students perform exercises in special clothing and under temperature conditions that provide hardening of the body.
Physical education classes at the school are held 2 times a week (for 45 minutes), if possible with a break of 1-2 days. Double lessons are only allowed for ski training. It is undesirable to conduct physical education lessons first and last lesson-this reduces their positive impact on performance.
The structure of the lesson is divided into 3 parts (introductory, main and final) for the same purpose as when organizing physical education classes in preschool institutions. The difference is in the timing of classes, and each of its component: the introductory part lasts 5-10 minutes, main - 25-30 min and a final 3-5 minutes.
Physical education and recreation activities consist of gymnastics before training sessions, physical education minutes in the classroom, outdoor games and physical education exercises on extended breaks, as well as daily physical education and sports, conventionally called sports hour, with students in extended-day groups.
Gymnastics before school starts is an important component of the Wellness program. Its goal is to activate the exchange processes before the start of lessons and to improve the performance of students in the classroom. Performing gymnastics in the open air hardens the body and increases its resistance to colds.
© Абдурахманова Ч.А., 2020.
Вестник магистратуры. 2020. № 2-6 (101)
ISSN 2223-4047
The basis of gymnastics is a set of exercises aimed at developing all possible muscle groups: the shoulder girdle (movements of the hands and head), the back, the abdomen (leaning forward, backward and to the sides), the legs (squats, lunges, jumps).
Gymnastics is held before school starts in the open air, and in bad weather (rain, cold) - in ventilated corridors and recreational areas. The duration of gymnastics classes does not exceed 6-7 minutes, and for younger students - 5-6 minutes.
Physical training minutes in General education classes, as shown by scientific research and practice of advanced schools, have a positive impact on the recovery of performance, prevent the increase in fatigue, increase the emotional tone of students, reduce static loads and prevent posture disorders.
Physical training sessions are held in the classroom, their duration is 1 -2 minutes. it is optimal to spend them at a time when students have the first symptoms of fatigue. The start time of the physical culture minute is determined by the teacher who leads the lesson. At his command, students stop performing tasks, loosen their belts and start doing exercises while sitting or standing near the desk.
АБДУРАХМАНОВА ЧУЛПОНОЙ АХМАДЖАНОВНА - учитель средней школы № 48 Чартакского района, Наманган, Узбекистан.
