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Section 8. Medical science
Tashkent city is located in sub mountain oasis, in which, in accordance with hygienic requirements, compositional — planning decisions of school buildings must be directed to using favorable climatic conditions with simultaneous protection from excessive insolation and overheating. It depends on number of storey of buildings, quantity and orientation of the building, character of their building ups, number
Table2. - Planning — special
and allocation of recreations, a quality of ventilation. Estimation of these indexes in studied schools allowed establishing (Table 2), the main hygienic requirements are followed in structural -planning concepts of all schools: there is division of building into teaching — apartment and general school, number of storey of buildings are not increased 3 storeys, all study sections were divided by age and unilateral building up. concept of buildings (grades)
Indexes Estimation in grades
№ 100 № 101 № 102 № 106 School for eyeless children
Planning — special concept 80 80 80 80 80
Portion of apartment with favorable orientation 90 100 100 80 80
One-sided building up 90 100 100 100 80
Sufficiencyof recreation 10 60 60 60 10
Height of building 90 90 90 90 90
Division of apartments into two zones 100 100 90 100 100
Total (maximal mark - 600 grades) 460 530 520 510 440
At the same time insufficiency or the absence (school № 100) recreations are able to decrease the quality of an air. Separate apartments are not always located rationally. As, at school № 100 gymnasium was located on the second floor but rhythmic and physiotherapy exercises rooms were allocated on the converted building of the ground floor. During the investigation (2012-2013 yy.) many building were in need of repair.
Conclusion
No one from investigated boarding schools is not adequate in full measure of hygienic requirements to the teaching and education conditions, qualifying by San R and N of the RUz № 0313-14 in accordance with its specializations.
All investigated boarding schools require reconstruction or major repair.
References:
1. Sukharev A. G., Kanevskaya L. Ya., Ryabova L. B., and others. Complex assessment methodology of teaching and education condition of children and teenagers.//Hygiene and sanitary. - 2000. - № 4. - P. 33-36.
2. Shaykhova G. I., Ponomareva L. A., Azizova F. L., Salikhova N. S. Complex hygienic assessments of teaching and education condition of children and teenagers. Methodical recommendation. - Tashkent, 2008. - P. 14.
3. Sanitary rules of facilities, equipment, content and teaching regime of specialized educational boarding schools for children, who has defects in physical and mental development № 03.13-14. - Р. 43.
4. Azizova F. L., Shaykhova G. I. Complex hygienic estimation of specialized boarding schools. - Tashkent, 2015. - P. 44.
Azizova Feruza Lyutpillaevna, Tashkent medical academy, PhD, Department of Hygiene of children, adolescents and nutrition, Associate Professor E-mail: [email protected]
Physical development of the pupils of specialized boarding school for weak hearing children
Abstract: The hygiene research based on physical development of the weak hearing children of specialized boarding school showed that average anthropometric results in most groups which were divided by age and by sex have almost the same results like the normal children’s group except the one point. Weak hearing children have a tendency to a lower results than the standard.
Keywords: physical development, weak hearing children and teenagers, specialized boarding school.
Introduction reacted to the character of the changes of those factors which
Physical development of pupils and teenagers is one of the affect to morphological and functional conditions of organs
most important health indexes of growing organism, keenly and system of the child body [1; 4].
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Physical development of the pupils of specialized boarding school for weak hearing children
The level, harmonicity and dynamics of physical development of the child is external manifestation of difficult process of development and forming the organizm and can be served by criteria of integrated assessment of an influence of unfavorable factors [2; 3; 5].
For children with limited capacity of physical development index can not be considered uniqly for healthy children as well. It should be understand, that “limited capacity” of such children may be different and accordingly, their influence to growing organism may have various importance. Study index of physical development of such children — a rare manifestation and we could not find any arrangement on this problem and also we could not find any standards of physical development for children with different defects of development. therefore, our aim was hygienic estimation of physical development of pupils of specialized boarding — school for weak hearing children in Tashkent city.
Materials and methods of research
The object of study was chosen the pupils (impaired hearing children) ofspecialized boarding-school № 102 in Tashkent city. Physical development ofweak hearing children and teenagers were investigated by basic anthropometric indexes — height, body mass, circumference of thorax. At school № 102 with
Russian language of teaching 190 weak hearing children aged from 7 to 15 (72 — girls, 118 — boys) were under observation. Children of each sex were divided into 9 age groups, who has been performed the estimation of physical development of the child individually taking into consideration 5 gradations of physical development: medium, taller than medium, tall, lower than medium and low physical development.
Results and discussion
The main revealing index of physical development of children is their growth. Table 1 presents, that the boys under 10 have significantly low height than their contemporaries without physical defects. However already at over than 10 middle indexes of growth in weak hearing children have not significant differences from normal children. Body mass of weak hearing children is significantly lower than normal children was revealed in 7 and 9 years old boys but circumference of thorax (C.Th) in all age group of boys had not significant difference from magnitude of age standards of normal children. The indexes of physical development of weak hearing boys were presented in Table 1.
Anthropometric characteristics of weak hearing girls were presented in Table 2. Results of these investigations were very interesting.
Table 1. - Comparative characteristics of anthropometric data of weak hearing boys, М ± m
Age Height, cm. Body mass, kg. ST, сш.
actually, М ± m standard, М ± m Р actually, М ± m standard, М ± m Р actually, М ± m standard, М ± m Р
7 years old 115.3 ± 2.6 124.4 ± 0.3 < 21.5 ± 1.0 23.3 ± 0.2 < 59.3 ± 1.6 59.5 ± 0.3 >
8 years old 122.9 ± 1.8 128.4 ± 0.4 < 24.9 ± 1.0 25.6 ± 0.3 > 61.9 ± 0.8 60.7 ± 0.3 >
9 years old 129.6 ± 1.2 134.9 ± 0.5 < 26.4 ± 1.0 29.5 ± 0.4 < 64.1 ± 0.8 63.7 ± 0.4 >
10 years old 135.5 ± 2.0 139.4 ± 0.5 > 30.0 ± 1.6 31.8 ± 0.4 > 65.8 ± 1.0 65.7 ± 0.4 >
1 years old 141.3 ± 1.8 143.1 ± 0.6 > 32.4 ± 1.3 34.7 ± 0.5 > 66.4 ± 0.7 67.2 ± 0.4 >
12 years old 145.8 ± 1.8 149.2 ± 0.7 > 35.4 ± 2.1 38.6 ± 0.5 > 69.6 ± 1.6 69.9 ± 0.4 >
13 years old 149.9 ± 2.6 154.3 ± 0.7 > 40.5 ± 1.4 42.4 ± 0.6 > 72.2 ± 0.8 71.9 ± 0.4 >
14 years old 158.9 ± 2.2 162.2 ± 0.7 > 49.1 ± 2.4 47.9 ± 0.7 > 76.1 ± 1.9 75.6 ± 0.6 >
15 years old 159.9 ± 3.8 169.4 ± 0.7 < 49.4 ± 3.2 54.5 ± 0.7 > 77.4 ± 3.2 80.9 ± 0.5 <
Table 2. - The index of physical development of weak hearing girls, М ± m
Age Height, cm. Body mass, kg. CT, cm.
actually, М ± m standard, М ± m Р actually, М ± m standard, М ± m Р actually, М ± m Standard, М ± m Р
7 years old 115.3 ± 4.1 124.4 ± 0.4 < 21.5 ± 1.0 23.3 ± 0.2 > 59.3 ± 1.6 59.5 ± 0.3 >
8 years old 120.3 ± 2.1 127.1 ± 0.4 < 24.9 ± 1.0 25.6 ± 0.3 > 61.9 ± 0.8 60.7 ± 0.3 <
9 years old 128.5 ± 2.5 132.6 ± 0.4 > 26.4 ± 1.0 29.5 ± 0.4 > 64.1 ± 0.8 63.7 ± 0.4 >
10 years old 134.4 ± 2.8 140.6 ± 0.6 < 30.0 ± 1.6 31.8 ± 0.4 > 65.8 ± 1.0 65.7 ± 0.4 >
11 years old 145.5 ± 1.9 143.5 ± 0.6 > 32.4 ± 1.3 34.7 ± 0.5 > 66.4 ± 0.7 67.2 ± 0.4 >
12 years old 143.1 ± 2.9 150.3 ± 0.5 < 35.4 ± 2.1 38.6 ± 0.5 > 69.6 ± 1.6 69.9 ± 0.4 >
13 years old 150.7 ± 3.3 156.1 ± 0.5 > 40.5 ± 1.4 42.4 ± 0.6 > 72.2 ± 0.8 71.9 ± 0.4 >
14 years old 154.3 ± 1.9 161.4 ± 0.4 < 49.1 ± 2.4 47.9 ± 0.7 > 76.1 ± 1.9 75.6 ± 0.6 >
15 years old 156.6 ± 1.1 163.4 ± 0.5 < 49.4 ± 3.2 54.5 ± 0.7 > 77.4 ± 3.2 80.9 ± 0.5 <
The growth ofgirls in all age groups was less than magnitude ofstandard, from 8 years old — after one year, which is at the age of 8, 10, 12, 14 and 15. The body mass of girls had not reliable difference from standards, but circumference of thorax (C.Th at the age of 8 and 15 was even bigger index of standards (tab. 2).
Considering above mentioned that the basic index — determining level of the development of a child is growth.We have also studied the distribution of the children by this index. Received data justifies, that t5he most part of children (48.7 % girls and 49.4 % boys)have medium level of development,
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Section 8. Medical science
28-31 % lower than medium and lower level, 19-24 % — taller than medium and high level of the development (table 3). Authentic difference of these indexes between girls and boys were not determined. It has not been also some regularity in distribution of the children by level of development according to the age (table 3).
While estimation the harmonicity of physical development of the children, considering the optimality of body
mass and circumference of thorax (CTh) in ratio to growth, it was detected that the least number of children with harmonious development is revealed before starting of adolescence age: in girls — at 9 (0 %), in boys — at 12 (30 % children of this age), but most of all children with harmonious development is revealed at 7 (girls — 75 %, boys — 50 %) and at 13 in girls (55.6 %) and at 13-1 — in boys (46.2 and 43.8 %) (Table 4).
Table 3. - Distribution of school children № 102 by the level of development, %
Age level of development, %
low lower than medium medium taller than medium tall
Girls
7 years old 25 ± 21.7 25.0 ± 21.7 25.0 ± 21.7 25.0 ± 21.7 0
8 years old 14.3 ± 13.2 28.6 ± 17.1 42.9 ± 18.7 14.3 ± 13.2 0
9 years old 0 25.0 ± 21.7 75.0 ± 21.7 0 0
10 years old 0 37.5 ± 17.1 37.5 ± 17.1 0 25.0 ± 15.3
11 years old 0 0 45.5 ± 15.0 36.4 ± 14.5 18.2 ± 11.6
12 years old 0 36.4 ± 14.5 54.5 ± 15.0 0 9.1 ± 8.7
13 years old 22.2 ± 13.9 22.2 ± 13.9 33.3 ± 15.7 11.1 ± 10.5 11.1 ± 10.5
14 years old 0 25.0 ± 15.3 75.0 ± 15.3 0 0
15 years old 0 30.0 ± 14.5 50.0 ± 15.8 20.0 ± 12.6 0
All girls 6.8 ± 2.5 25.5 ± 4.4 48.7 ± 5.0 11.8 ± 3.2 7.01 ± 2.6
Boys
7 years old 25.0 ± 15.3 25.0 ± 15.3 37.5 ± 17.1 12.5 ± 11.7 0
8 years old 14.3 ± 9.4 35.7 ± 12.8 35.7 ± 12.8 7.1 ± 6.9 7.1 ± 6.9
9 years old 0 9.5 ± 6.4 71.4 ± 9.9 9.5 ± 6.4 9.5 ± 6.4
10 years old 12.5 ± 8.3 12.5 ± 8.3 62.5 ± 12.1 6.3 ± 6.1 6.3 ± 6.1
11 years old 8.3 ± 8.0 0 50.0 ± 14.4 25.0 ± 12.5 16.7 ± 10.8
12 years old 0 20.0 ± 12.6 40.0 ± 15.5 30.0 ± 14.5 10.0 ± 9.5
13 years old 15.4 ± 10.0 7.7 ± 7.4 53.8 ± 13.8 15.4 ± 10.0 7.7 ± 7.4
14 years old 0 18.8 ± 9.8 43.8 ± 12.4 25.0 ± 10.8 12.5 ± 8.3
15 years old 25.0 ± 15.3 25.0 ± 15.3 50.0 ± 17.7 0 0
All boys 11.2 ± 3.2 17.1 ± 3.8 49.4 ± 4.5 14.5 ± 3.5 9.6 ± 2.9
Р (girls - boys) > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05
Table 4. - Number of school children № 102 with harmonious development, %
Age Girls Boys
7 75.0 50.0
8 42.9 28.6
9 0 38.1
10 12.5 31.3
11 18.2 33.3
12 27.3 30.0
13 55.6 46.2
14 25.0 43.8
15 30.0 37.5
М ± m 31.8 ± 4.5 37.68 ± 4.8
As a whole of this contingent of children the harmonious development was detected in 31.8 ± 4.6 % girls and 37.6 ± 4.8 % boys (p > 0.05). Disharmonic growth of physical development was conditioned mainly (from 50.0 until 100.0 % in different age — sexual groups) (table. 4).
Thus, conducted estimation of physical development of children with restricted abilities allow to make the following
conclusion: average statistical anthropometric indexes of weak hearing children in most age - sexual groups of both sex have not reliable differences from standard indexes of normal children but individual indexes of these children more often ranges on comparing with standard which is near to the lower indexes and sometimes we can see high indexes.
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Study of biological molecules in hair follicle in patients with alopecia Areata
References:
1. Ag-ool E. M. The influence of social-hygienic, ecological factors to the state of health and physical development of pupils of the Republic of Tiva.//Hygiene and sanitation - М., 2007. - № 5. - P. 64-67.
2. Giguz T. L., Polyakov A. Ya., Bogachanov N. D. Dynamics of physical development of school children in Novosibirsk.//Hy-giene and sanitation - М., 2007. - № 4. - P. 50-52.
3. Isaac S. I., Panasyuk T. V Characteristics of physical development of school children of different regions of Russia.//Hy-giene and sanitation. - М., 2005. - № 5. - P. 61-64.
4. Povargo E. A., Zigitbayev R. N., Shubina Kh. Z. and others. The main trends in physical development of junior school children.//Hygiene and sanitation. - М., 2007. - № 2. - P. 71-73.
5. Chmil I. B., Medvedev L. N. Age dynamics of anthropometric indexes of children of Krashoyarsk.//Hygiene and sanitation. - М., 2002. - № 2. - P. 49-51.
Azimova Fatima Vakhidovna, Senior staff scientist of Republican Specialized Science Practical Medical Center of Dermatology & Venereology,
Republic of Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
Study of biological molecules in hair follicle in patients with alopecia Areata
Abstract: The given article is devoted to studying factor of growth of fibroblasts (bFGF) and factor of apoptosis (FasL) in patients with alopecia areata. Concentration of factor of growth of fibroblasts bFGF in blood is reliably decreased, and concentration of factor of apoptosis FasL is reliably increased in patients with alopecia areata. Indications of factors of growth and apoptosis observed correlate with grade of disease severity and indicate a fine regulation of phases of vital cycle of hair follicles of proteins of families FGF and FasL.
Keywords: alopecia, cytokins, dermatoscopy.
At present an incidence rate of a number of able-bodied patients is noted referring to physicians with problem of hair shedding. Besides, a tendency to an incidence growth of torpid elapsing forms of disease resistant to the therapy conducted. Demography investigations showed that 0.05-0.1 % population is exposing alopecia at least once during its life. The first signs of alopecia are showing up in the majority of people aged 15-30. At the same time cases of registration of alopecia areata in children of tender years became more frequent, especially that of taeniate and universal forms. All above-stated evidenced both medical and social significance of a problem discussed [1].
Alopecia areata occurred rather often in the last time and is characterized by baldness nidi on the hair-covering area of head, eyebrows, beard or trunk. It was established that development of alopecia takes place against a background of numerous causes to which belong combination of alopecia circumscripta and autoimmune diseases, genetic predisposition, weak type of nervous system, nidi of focal infection (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, helminthic invasion, inflammation of bile ducts and other chronic inflammatory processes in organism), and familial cases of morbidity. In spite of a great number of the performed studies many questions of etiology and pathogenesis of alopecia remain insufficiently explored. At the same time effectiveness of different therapeutic
methods varies in wide limits, and results of treatment do not always satisfy both clinicians and patients. Hereupon the performing modern immunogenetic, histochemic investigations allowed to explore deeper pathogenetic mechanisms of development of various alopecia forms [2; 5].
At present an interest of many scientists is directed towards studying mechanisms and factors of intercellular interaction of different alopecia forms, main ofwhich are adhesive cellular molecules, molecules of extracellular matrix, cytokins [4; 11]. Cytokins are high-potent hormone-like proteins that are synthesized by different cellular species. Cytokins are divided in the following classes: 1) interleukins; 2) interferons; cytotoxins; 3) hemopoietic colony-stimulating factors; 4) growth factors; 5) inhibiting factors. One of the valuable cytokins are growth factors, representing proteins molecules (molecular weight from 5 000 up to 50 000 daltons), stimulating or inhibiting division or differentiation of various cells and being main transporters of mitogen cellular signal. Growth factors are related with tyrosine kinase receptors on cellular surface that provides dimerization and activation of the latter. Phosphorylation cascade is initiating and as biologic effect of phosphorylation manifested intensification of mitogen characteristics of tissues and differentiation of cells, stimulation of transport systems and chemotaxis, activation of metabolic pathways [6; 12]. Because of the main cellular
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