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Conclusions:
1. The hydrogen fluoride in concentration 0.02 mg/m3, ammonia — 0.13 mg/m3 at combined presence at atmospheric air and formaldehide — 0.012 mg/m3, lead acetate — 0.001 mg/m3, causing changes CE, AST, leucocytes, erythrocytes in the first case and STO in the second case, these concentration of the investigated substances are threshold concentration.
2. The character of the combined action of hydrogen fluoride with ammonia and formaldehide with lead acetate at inhalation exposure to animals body is shown as effect "incomplete sunnary".
3. At combined presence in the atmospheric air the sum of shares of hydrogen fluoride and ammonia should not exceed 0.6 MAC (maximum allowable concentration), and at joint presence of formaldehyde and lead acetate 0.68 MAC of each substance separately.
References:
1. Ataniyazova R. A., Yusupov B. U. et al. Hygienic estimation of pollution of atmospheric air in Tashkent//Uzb. tibbiyot jurnali. -2004. - № 5. - P. 120-122.
2. Kamildjanov A. H., Mirzakarimova M. A., et al. Experimental study of character ofbiological action of mix of ammonia, formaldehide and dust on olfactory analyzers of the man. Mater. Scientific-Pract. Conference "Urgent problems of ecology and hygiene in Uzbekistan". - Tashkent, 2008. - P. 21-22.
3. The national report "About a condition of an environment and use of natural resources in Uzbekistan (1988-2007). An atmosphere". -Tashkent, 2008.
4. Onishenko G. G., Novikov S. M., Rakhmanin Yu. A., et al. Basis of an estimation of risk for health of the population at influence of chemical substances polluting an environment. - M., 2002. - P. 57.
5. Onishenko G. G. An environment and condition ofhealth of the population of Russian Federation//Public health services of Russian Federation. - 2003. - № 1. - P. 8-11.
6. Pinigin M. A. A condition and prospects of a quantitative estimation of influence of chemical pollution of an atmosphere on health of the population//Hygiene and sanitary. - 2001. - № 5. - P. 53-58.
7. Pivovarov Yu. A. et al. Ecology of children's age. - M., 1975. - P. 25-31.
8. Rakhmanin Yu. A., Novikov S. M., Rimyantsev G. I. Methodological aspects of an estimation of risk for health of the population at short-term and chronic influences of chemical substances polluting an atmosphere//Hygiene and sanitary. - 2002. - № 6. - P. 5-7.
9. Sabirova Z. F., Fattakhova Z. F., Pinigin M. A. An estimation and forecast of the combined and complex influence of pollution of an environment for health of the population//Public health services of Russian Federation. - 2002. - № 6. - P. 31-36.
10. The unified methods of definition of atmospheric pollution. - Moscow, 1976.
Makhsumov Murodillo Kudratillayevich, Senior scientific researcher of Andizhan State Medical Institute of Andizhan city, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected] Arzikulov Abdurayim Shamshiyevich, Doctor of medical sciences, professor of the chair of propeudeutics of children's diseases and pediatrics of Andizhan State Medical Institute of Andizhan city, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected].
Age peculiarities of individuals of young school children
Abstract: The aim of the study is the stable traits and behaviors in children 7-12 years old and working characteristics centile of 12 factors of personality traits depending on the age and sex of younger schoolboys living in the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan. The main method is an adaptation of personality questionnaire R. Cattel on 12 factors of personality traits for the study of children aged 8-12 years. The data obtained from the test survey, identify qualitative features of personality characteristics in children 7-10 and 11-12 years. In general, it revealed good social adaptability, a good level of intellectual ability, dependence on others, emotional sensitivity, tendency to intropunitiveness and phobias. The research results can be a scientific rationale for planning and carrying out in-depth medical examination of neuropsychiatric younger schoolchildren of 7-12 years.
Keywords: Personal factors, children, standards.
Questionnaires such as 16-PF, HSPQ, CPQare widely used in foreign countries in order to estimate the personal development of a child. But the usage of foreign pshycodiagnostic methods in our conditions demand serious adaptation and restandartization. These and other requirements were taken into consideration by us in using the questionnaire of children's personality R. Cattell (CPQ) among schoolchildren of secondary schools (7-12 years old) of Andizhan city.
The aim of our research is to study the stable and styles of children's behavior of 7-12 years old and the work out of centile characteristics of 12 personal peculiarity factors depending on the age and sex. A wide network of characteristics identified by the help of this method enables to depict the children's population of the given age diapason wholly.
After the correction or replacement of a part of the questions considering the cultural social conditions of our region, the
testing material method was approbated on 1200 schoolchildren of 7-12 years old. Standardization of the adapted variant of the questionnaire of 12 personal peculiarity factors was carried out on 500 schoolchidren.
The results of the research on standardization and work out of centile normative of 12 personal peculiarity factors by the method of R. Cattell are given in the tables 1, 2.
Standardization results ofpersonality peculiarities of7-12 years old schoolchildren was given in table 1 by taking into consideration the sex of the investigated. Relative stableness of the standardization of personality peculiarities depending on the age was established, but the difference of some investigated readings depending on the sex (P < 0.05) was defined. The given literature indicates that high readings by the factor "A" characterizes the child as an emotional, sociable, happy person.
Children with high sense of this factor are far more adapted to society. In average girls and boys in our investigation have high readings (6.0 ± 0.4 h 6.0 ± 0.33 correspondingly in boys and girls) by this factor. Average readings shows good social adaptation and successful possession of environmental norms by the factor «Q3» (5.48 ± 0.2 and 6.1 ± 0.42 correspondingly in boys and girls).
Personality factor "B" reflects the level of development ofver-bal intellect and its functions as generalization separation from the generality, possession of logic and mathematic operations, easiness of obtaining new knowledge. In population of children of 7-12 years by the method of R. Cattell this datum (5.0 ± 0.27 and 5.4 ± 0.29 correspondingly in boys and girls) shows the formation of intellectual functions, sufficient development of abstract form of thinking in the whole.
Factor «C» (4.34 ± 0.42 and 3.9 ± 0.9 correspondingly in boys and girls) reflects the self confidence and correspondingly the calmness stableness best training to successful completion of school demands.
Children's high desire of the leadership, opposed to both children and adults is indicated in the evaluation by the factor «E». The manifestation of this feature in children is seldom accompanied with behaviour problems, aggression, as their leadership tenden-tions don't often find the reality and most forms of social interaction they will have to learn. In the investigated population of 7-12 year old children this factor is equal to 3.64 ± 0.35 and 3.0 ± 0.48 correspondingly to boys and girls. Low readings of this factor demonstrates the dependence on adults and other children, and easiness of subordination.
As seen the above mentioned is the result of peculiarities of upbringing and social cultural conditions of our region.
A child who has a high evaluation by the factor «Q» is easily disappointed that shows bad mood. High score can be a datum of alarmness and depression depending on the situation it is the basis of appearance of neurosis (4.66 ± 0.26 and 4.9 ± 0.27 in boys and girls). Children with high estimation by the factor "D" identifies the high excitement or hyperactivity on weak stimuli, their hyperactivity is sometimes accompanied with self confidence. Motor worry, distraction, insufficient concentration is peculiar to them.
Formation of this quality is linked with both peculiarities of temperament and conditions ofupbringing. Low estimation by this factor is explained as emotional equilibration, restraint. In our investigations we identified rather high sense in boys than in girls (in the average 4.2 ± 0.13 against 2.8 ± 0.42, P < 0.01). The importance of this factor is rather high in 11-12 year old schoolchildren than in 7-8 year old ones.
Children who have high estimation by the factor "F" are differentiated by their energy, absence of fear in the situation of increased risk. They, as a rule, have the peculiarity of overestimation of their abilities and hyperoptimism. The importance of the factor "F" reflects the sex difference: boys (4.64 ± 0.25; P < 0.001) comparing with girls (3.0 ± 0.3) show rather high scores.
Table 1. -Results of the questionnaire of standardization method of children's personality by R. Cattell for schoolchildren of 7-12 years (in special units)
Sex Factors of personality features
А В С D E F G H I Q Q3 Q4
B aver. B 6.0 5.0 4.34 3.15 3.64 4.7 4.7 5.53 5.64 4.66 5.48 4.0
G 6.0 5.4 3.9 2.8 3.0 5.7 5.7 5.4 5.4 4.9 6.1 4.1
A B 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6
G 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6
± m B 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.13 0.35 0.25 0.15 0.27 0.3 0.26 0.2 0.3
G 0.33 0.3 0.9 0.42 0.5 0.3 0.16 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.42 0.32
Table 2. - Centile norms of 12 factors of personality peculiarities by the method of R. Cattell in schoolchildren of 7-12 years
Factors of personality peculiarities. 7 years old 8 years old 9 years old 10 years old 11 years old 12 years old
B G B G B G B G B G B G
«A» Cyclotomia -Schysotomia 2-6 4-5 2-7 4-8 5-8 4-8 5-9 4-9 5-8 4-7 4-7 3-7
«B» Intellectual development 2-5 1-5 2-5 1-5 1-6 2-5 1-4 1-5 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-5
«C» Emotional stableness 4-7 4-7 4-9 4-8 4-7 4-9 3-7 4-8 3-7 4-8 2-7 1-8
«D» Dominance 2-6 3-4 2-6 3-5 2-6 2-7 2-7 1-4 2-7 2-6 1-7 3-6
«E» Not caring-calmness. 2-6 1-6 2-7 1-7 1-5 1-4 1-4 1-3 2-6 1-7 1-7 1-7
«F» Moral concentrations. Behavior. 2-7 2-5 2-7 2-5 3-6 1-4 1-4 1-6 1-5 1-5 2-7 2-5
«G» Stableness to stress 2-8 2-7 2-7 2-6 2-7 3-6 2-7 3-6 3-6 3-7 4-7 3-7
«H» Emotional adolescence. 4-5 3-7 4-6 3-8 4-8 4-8 4-7 3-7 3-8 4-7 3-8 2-7
«I» Intropunitive 3-6 3-6 4-7 3-7 3-7 2-8 4-7 4-7 4-8 5-8 3-7 3-7
«Q» Self control. 1-6 2-5 2-7 3-6 1-6 3-7 2-6 3-6 2-8 2-7 2-7 4-8
«Q» Frustrated alarm 2-6 4-6 2-7 4-7 4-8 4-9 2-7 4-9 4-8 4-8 3-7 3-7
«Q4» Flegmative -melancholitiveness 2-5 3-6 2-6 3-7 2-8 2-5 2-6 2-8 2-7 2-6 2-7 2-7
The scale "G" shows that a child receives and does the rules and norms of behavior shown by adults. The children that do not accomplish their responsibility have low scores. They don't deserve trust, and it often results in conflicts with parents and teachers. They don't have regularities. They can't concentrate on anything and are lack of stable motivation. High estimation that children have are well developed sense of responsibility, concentration, honesty, accurate-ness. 7 year old children have much higher sense by this factor. Girls excel boys (4.7 ± 0.15 and 5.7 ± 0.16; P < 0.001 in boys and girls).
High evaluations by factor "I" (5.64 ± 0.3 and 5.4 ± 0.25 in boys and girls) in children of 7-12 years reflect emotional sensitiveness, rich fantasy, esthetic tendency, dependence, low realistic approach to the solution of the problem, practice.
On the basis of the results of standization of personality peculiarities of schoolchildren, we worked out middle profile type of12 factors ofpersonality peculiarities by the method ofR. Cattell (fig. 1).
The recommended profile of personality peculiarities characterize the peculiarities of personality and actual psychic state of 7-12 year old children. T he results of standardization of personality peculiarities of 7-12 year old children, taking into consideration their sex, were given in the table. Relative stableness of the received
2 1
0 H-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
ABCDE FGH I QQ3Q4
Fig. 1. Middle profile of personality peculiarities of healthy schoolchildren by the method of R. Cattel (7-12 years)
Table 3. - Age peculiarities of individuals of children of 7-10 and 11-12 years
standards was established but some differences of some investigated readings were identified depending on the age (P < 0.05). The given literature indicates that high readings by the factor "A" characterizes the child as an emotional, sociable, happy person.
As we see from the picture the crooked profiles of the personality are between 3 and 6 wall corridors and it corresponds the literature data. Approach of the datum by the factor "A" corresponds the average profile (in boys and girls 6.0: 4.6), by the factor "Q (5.48:4.6; 6.1: 4.6 corresponds to boys and girls), It corresponds the peak of the profile. But the lowest points of the crooked profile by the factors "E" and "F" and the approach ofthe readings ofthese factors corresponds the average level (3.15: 4.6 h 2.8:4.6 corresponding the boys and girls) shows the tendency. The importance of this datum is rather high in girls than in boys.
There are instructions of interpretation ofpersonality profiles in the literature. They must take into consideration all correspondence of the data and can not be forecasted beforehand as they are interlinked with multiple kinds of individuals.
On the basis of the above mentioned research, age changes were analyzed in two groups: 7-10 years and 11-12 years, sex peculiarities were also taken into consideration (table 3).
Age, gender Factors of personality peculiarities (in special units).
A B C D E F G H I Q Q, Q4
7-10, boys 6.0±0.23* 3.4±0.51 5.4±0.20 4.0±0.17 3.0±0.2 3.4±0.21 4.5±0.21 5.4±0.21 5.5±0.21 4.5±0.18 5.6±0.23 4.1±0.21
11-12, boys 4.8±0.19 4.2±0.18 5.1±0.19 4.4±0.21 3.6±0.20* 4.0±0.2 5.0±0.17 5.7±0.24 5.5±0.22 5.0±0.22 5.2±0.21 4.9±0.21*
7-10, girls 6.3*±0.19 3.0±0.16 6.0±0.22* 3.6±0.15 2.5±0.17 3.0±0.18 4.6±0.21 5.5±0.18 5.4±0.21 4.6±0.19 6.4±0.22 4.0±0.16
11-12, girls 5.5±0.20 3.8*±0.18 4.0±0.24 4.3±0.21* 3.3±0.26* 3.3±0.21 4.7±0.17 5.2±0.22 5.4±0.18 5.3±0.21* 5.6±0.24 4.5±0.24
Analysis of average importance of factors of ages are the following: with passing the 2 age group the sociableness of children decreases (factor "A"). We know that children's age is characterized by voluntariness, getting interested in others' affairs. This is typical to the norms for children of 7. By forming self-consciousness such
attitude as not being interested with other's affairs gets into being concentrated in themselves, their inner world [2]. This fact is being investigated by us in our.
Factor "B" (intellectual development) has wide meaning for older age group.
This factor reflects formation of such thinking operations as cooperation, separation from general and possession of mathematical operations. As we know at the age of 11-12, a child's concrete thinking changes into abstract-logic thinking [1] and it helps them to solve the sums or tasks easily. There are a number of factors at the age of 10-12 in boys and girls that change their meaning. Positive ahanges have factors as: "E", "D", "F" and "Q".
We all know at that this very age children become special they differ from other children of other ages by their behavior. The age of 11-12 is considered as a critical age period [3].
Here, the development of a child makes rather a destructive work than constructive. Progressive development of personality of a child switches down and off and stops for some time in the period of crisis. At the early stage the all sides of the behaviour that differentiated the child from others fall and die [3].
Leadership that is peculiar to young age eats itself up and begins to search a new concrete form of activity. Here the hyper activity, overstrain, independence and less accomplishing are born.
By comparing the results that characterize age-sex modifications, we can see that boys are active not only in one group but also in another group. (factor "D"), stubborn (factor "F"),
and overstrained (factor "Q ), have the worst self control (factor "Q3")
The factors found with the help of our investigations can be referred to specific peculiarities that differentiate boys from girls in age diapason of 7-12 years. But there are some characteristic differences in investigating factors in children of our region. So, age-sex differences by factors "H", "I", "Q", "G" are minimal. The factor "C" is rather decreased in girls of 11-12 years, they have great sense of obey. These differences by factors have rather a high level of trustworthy (P < 0.05-0.001).
So, the data taken by testing determine quality peculiarities of personality in children of 7-10 and 11-12 years. Peculiarities determined from the questionnaire of children's personality form unicum, action and feel of sorry for someone. It enables to speak about the wholeness of individuals.
Our investigations prove that the given method is unique as it gives information about the development of different personality sphere of younger school age.the results of investigations showed that this method reveals age peculiarities of individuals and posses differential abilities. It gives the opportunity to recommend this method for the usage.
References:
1. Arhipova I. A. Psychology of development. Children's psycho diagnostics. - M.: Science and techniques, 2009. - P. 288.
2. Stepanova M. I. Diagnostics of child's readiness for education at school//For nursery school trainers. - 2007. - № 12. - P. 12-15.
3. Berenzin F. B., Miroshnikov M. P., Rojanes R. V. Methods of multiple investigations ofpersonality. - M.: Medicine, 1976. - P. 176.
4. These and other requirements were taken into considerations while using the questionnaire of children's personality by R. Cattell (CPQ) among pupils of schools (7-12 years) ofAndizhan city.
Kurbanov Ravshanbek Davletovich, Mullabaeva Guzal Uchkunovna, Kilichev Anvar Akravovich, The Republican Specialized Center of Cardiology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
Possibilities of prediction of recurrent myocardial infarction
Abstract: There 131 patients with Q-wave myocardial infarction were observed (mean age 51.9 ± 9.13 year). For all patients were prescribed beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, statins, aspirin and if needful antiarrhythmics and aldosterone blockators. The observational time was 24 months. During this period recurrent myocardial infarction (RMI) observed in 39 (29.7 %) patients. Analysis of the data showed that of the estimated factors most important for prognosis of the RMI counts in acute early postinfarction angina pectoris, arterial hypertension, diabetes Mellitus, as well as the instrumental methods that reflect the functional state of the myocardium: LVMi, and ejection fraction. No less important was the thrombolysis in the first hours of admission, heart rate at rest, estimated at 10-14 days of the disease. In addition, we can not exclude the relationship of RMI and overweight.
Keywords: recurrent myocardial infarction, prognostic model, integrated indicator.
According to the WHO in 2005 the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (MI) increased by 32.7 % compared with 1997 and amounted to 10.7 million people in the population over 50 years old (Cleland J. G., Coletta A. P. et al. 2005). The frequency of recurrent myocardial infarction (RMI) is 25-29 %. RMI seriously worsen the prognosis of disease, causing a cascade of complications (heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, decreased quality of life) as well as a significant effect on mortality [1]. Determination of prognosis of MI is a difficult task because it requires taking into account a large number of interrelated factors that are time-personal prognostic significance [2; 3]. Available in-currently on traditional approaches
to risk assessment are not always perfect, it made difficult adequate choice of tactics of treatment of this category of patients.
The purpose of research — an integrated assessment of the risk factors for RMS to enable already at 10-14 days of disease to predict its development during nearest 2 years.
Materials and Methods
We examined 131 male patients with primary Qwave MI, aged 30 to 69 years (51.9 ± 9.13 years).
The hospital phase of AMI treatment was carried out in accordance with the recommendations on the management of patients with MI with ST-segment elevation and included thrombolytic
