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Rosilov Mansur, Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology E-mail: rosilovm@mail.ru Temirov Golib, Karshi Engineering Economical Institute Samadiy Murodjon, Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology E-mail: samadiy@inbox.ru.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ZINC CONTENTS RAW MATERIAL OF THE KHANDIZA DEPOSIT
Abstact: The results of the analysis of zinc contents ore and concentrate of the Khandiza deposit, physical and chemical investigations of ore and concentrate, are given by chemical and physical and chemical analysis. It is shown that the main elements of the ore are silicon, zinc, aluminum, iron and copper. When enriching the ore, the content of silicates, aluminum, iron decreases and the contents of zinc and copper increase.
Keywords: zinc containing ore, concentrate, insoluble residue, acid decomposition, silicate minerals.
Introduction: Sphalerite (Greek S^aXepo^ "sphaleros" - blende), zinc blende - mineral of the class of sulphides.
Contents (formula): Zn S. (Zn, Fe)S - formula of solid solution, more accurately reflecting the typical composition of the mineral; As an impurity, Fe, Cd, In, Ga, Co, Mn, Ag, Au, Hg, As, and other elements are encountered. Zn - 67.1%, S - 32.9%. Most impurities are Fe (up to 20%). Sometimes chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and occasionally stannite (Cu2FeSnS4) are present in the form of the same inclusions, which explains the impurity in sphalerite of copper and tin. Often in the form ofan isomorphous impurity, Cd (usually up to tenths ofpercent), In (up to one-hundredths of percent), Co, Mn, Hg and etc. are present [1, 2].
The sphalerite stone is zinc sulphide, fairly common mineral, which is one of the main sources of zinc metal. For its properties sphalerite is called zinc blende - the stone also contains associated iron impurities, which, depending on the quantity, strongly affect the appearance of the mineral. Therefore, it is often confused with other breeds, especially with ga-
lena. The color palette of sphalerite is very wide, as a result of which it can also be called pseudo-galena, copper blende, ruby blende, marmarite, clayophane and others. And it is not so much synonyms, as the designations of different varieties of this mineral, differing in color and content of accompanying metals.
Sphalerite is one of the main sources of zinc production from ore raw materials, which is usually in sulphide state. From sphalerite, metal zinc is smelted, along with the extraction of impurities: Cd, In, Ga, and other valuable components. Sphalerite used in paint and varnish production for the manufacture of zinc white, used to produce brass. Great importance is the production from natural sphalerite of chemically pure luminophore ZnS, activated Ag, Cu, which is used for the production of luminophores, various light compositions and luminous paints. In addition, natural sphalerite can be used as a photo-catalyst for the decomposition of dyes in water [3].
Objects and methods: The investigations were carried out with zinc-containing ore of Khandiza
deposit containing 4.95-5.15% Zn and zinc concentrate containing 39.45-40.50% Zn.
Chemical analysis of initial, intermediate and final products was carried out by known methods [4-8].
For investigation of chemical and mineralogical contents of zinc concentrates and ore, we used X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (Zetium), an atomic absorption spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer, AAS-30-UCA-690 Elan), X-ray phase analyzes (Shimadzu, XRD6100), IR spectroscopy (Shimadzu, IRAffini-ty-1), electron microscopy (Leica DM500, Germany).
With the purpose of improving the technology of processing of polymetallic raw materials and developing strategy for complete, comprehensive processing, data from detailed mineralogical and chemical analysis of both the Khandiza ore and the sphalerite concentrates containing number of valuable components are needed.
Analysis of the chemical composition showed that the Khandiza deposit has complex composition (Tables 1, 2).
Most of the elements are in the form of an iso-
Pyrites prevail in all varieties of pyrite ores (with variations in content from 60 to 90%), sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite - 5-7%. Nonmetallic minerals are represented by sericite (up to 55%), quartz (up to 30%), chloride (up to 8%) and carbonates. Pb content in ores of this type rarely exceeds 1-3%, Zn - 3.0-5%, Cu - 0.25%.
Complex mineralogical composition has massive and veined-disseminated pyrite-polymetallic and polymetallic ores. Ore is mainly represented by sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalco pyrite, faded ore (95% of the mass of ore). In small quantities, there are arse-nopyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, hematite, magnetite, bornite. Nonmetallic compounds are represented by quartz (80-90% non-metallic component), sericite 2-10%, chloride and carbonate (less than 1%).
Table 1 presents data of the spectral analysis of the Khandiza ore. The main elements of the ore are silicon, zinc, aluminum, iron, copper. The content of sodium, potassium and magnesium is in the range from 1% to 3%. The remaining elements make up the tenth and hundredths of percent.
morphous mixture in sulphides.
Table 1.- The results of spectral elementary analysis of the zinc contents ore of the Khandiza deposit
№ samples Si, Zn, Al, Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mg, P, Ba, Mn, V, Ti, Cu, Pb, Bi, Ni, Sb, Zr,
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
1. 30 4 4 0.4 1 0.8 5 1 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.03 2 0.5 0.003 0.003 0.01 0.003
2. 30 3 8 0.5 1 0.8 5 3 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.03 2 0.5 0.002 0.001 0.006 0.005
3. 30 3 10 0.5 1 0.8 5 2 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.03 2 0.4 0.001 0.001 0.006 0.005
4. 30 3 10 0.5 1 1 5 3 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.02 1 0.5 0.003 0.001 0.005 0.005
Table 2.- Results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of zinc ore from the Khandiza deposit
№ samples Si,% K,% Ca,% Ti,% Mn,% Fe,% Co,% Cu,% Zn,% Mo,% Cd,% Pb,%
1. 25.0 3.40 1.10 0.082 0.035 3.39 0.012 0.70 5.03 <0.003 0.081 2.27
2. 25.5 3.10 0.90 0.075 0.040 3.40 0.010 0.80 5.00 <0.003 0.090 2.01
3. 25.3 3.25 0.95 0.065 0.030 3.35 0.014 1.01 5.15 <0.003 0.085 2.10
4. 25.8 3.30 1.15 0.070 0.035 3.41 0.012 0.90 4.95 <0.003 0.083 1.99
The data of X-ray fluorescence analysis of zinc ore confirmed the data of spectral analysis for the content of silicon, zinc, iron, copper. The data on
the content of potassium, calcium is slightly higher and make up more than 3% for potassium and about 1% for calcium.
Figure 1. Roentgenogram of the zinc contents ore of the Khandiza deposit
On the roentgenogram of zinc ore, there are differential peaks related to zinc and iron sulfides and sulfates, to silicon oxides, carbonate and lead cyanide, and zinc astatine (Fig. 2). Peaks 3.43; 3.35; 3.04 A belong to silicon oxide, 10.10; 7.2 A belong to magnesium zinc, 2.97; 2.70 A belong to iron sulphide, 2.56; 2.46; 2.28 A belong to the zinc astatine of different forms, 2.23 A belongs to zinc iron, 2.13; 2.10; 2.00; 1.91 A belong to zinc sulphate of various shapes and the peak of 1.633 A is zinc sulphide of ^ form.
Identification of the samples was carried out on the basis of diffractograms, which was recorded on computer-controlled XRD-6100 (Shimadzu, Japan). CuKa radiation was used (^ filter, Ni, 1.54178 cur-
rent and voltage mode of 30 mA tube, 30 kV) and constant detector rotation speed of 4 deg/min in steps of 0.02 deg. (w/20 - coupling), and the scanning angle varied from 4 to 80o.
Table 3 shows the spectral analysis of the zinc concentrate of the Khandiza deposit. The obtained results indicate decrease in the content of silicates, aluminum, iron, and an increase in the concentration of zinc, copper. With slight increase in the copper content, the zinc content rises to 25-40%.
X-ray fluorescence analysis of the concentrate confirms the spectral analysis in the reduction of silicates, and also indicates decrease in copper compounds in contrast to spectral analysis.
Table 3.- The results of spectral elemental analysis of the zinc concentrate of the Khandiza deposit
№ Si, Zn, A, Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mg, Mn, V, Ti, Cu, Pb, Bi, Sb, Zr,
samp. % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
1. 15 25 0.1 0.01 0.3 1 1 0.2 0.04 0.002 0.004 3 0.5 0.005 0.006 —
2. 15 30 1.0 0.02 0.2 3 3 0.3 0.04 0.004 0.01 3 1.0 0.006 0.03 0.002
3. 15 30 0.1 0.02 0.3 2 2 0.2 0.04 0.003 0.003 4 1.0 0.006 0.04 —
4. 15 40 0.2 0.02 0.3 3 3 0.2 0.04 0.004 0.004 6 3.0 0.006 0.04 —
Table 4.- Results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of the zinc concentrate of the Khandiza deposit
№ Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb,
samp. % % % % % % % % % % % %
1. 13.10 0.95 0.56 < 0.01 < 0.01 1.65 < 0.01 0.82 40.40 0.033 0.41 3.01
2. 13.00 0.95 0.59 < 0.01 < 0.01 1.62 < 0.01 0.80 40.10 0.032 0.42 3.05
3. 13.00 0.96 0.58 < 0.01 < 0.01 1.60 < 0.01 0.78 39.45 0.034 0.40 3.00
4. 13.50 0.96 0.57 < 0.01 < 0.01 1.60 < 0.01 0.80 40.50 0.033 0.41 3.06
To confirm the salt contents, the roentgenogram and IR spectra of the zinc concentrate were taken (Fig. 2, 3).
[Group : Standard. C ata TKTi-Mansur-Ruda]
CO CM co\ 1,912
c c CÍ
COLO ^•co coco A......MJ Ij o Is-CSÍ L X.,..._ —J CM LO CO .....................J\ 1,240
20000
15000
100D0
5000
20
30
50
60
70
Theta-2Theta (deg)
Figure 2. Roentgenogram of the zinc concentrate of the Khandiza deposit
The X-ray diffraction pattern of zinc concentrate contains differential peaks related to zinc and iron sulfides, zinc silicofluoride and silicon oxides. The peaks 3.43 and 3.35 Â belong to silicon oxides, 3.128 Â belong to the zinc sulphide form, 2.97; 2.70 Â belong to zinc sulphide, 1.912; 1.633; 1.240 Â belong to the zinc sulphide fi form and the peak 1.352 Â is zinc silicofluoride.
IR spectra have absorption bands of 2092.209 cm1, which are related to cyanide groups. The absorption bands of 1648.590 cm1 refer to thio-sulfates, absorption bands 1390.289; 1340.544;
1195.810 cm-1 - refer to nitrogen and nitrate groups. The absorption bands of 1030.926 cm-1 refer to silicate groups, and the absorption bands of 878.510; 803,727; 675.485 cm-1 refer to sulfate and carbonate groups. The bands have a broadened structure, due to intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure of the mineral object. This also confirms the obtained data of chemical and X-ray phase analyzes.
Figure 3. IR spectrum of the zinc concentrate of the Khandiza deposit
Figure 4. Microphotograph of the zinc concentrate of the Khandiza deposit
Figure 4 presents micrographs of zinc concen- Conclusion: Thus, carried out investigations
trate. They have more dark spots, which are due to of mineralogical and chemical composition of the zinc sulfides, partly iron sulphides. This is yet an- zinc concentrate show that the zinc concentrate of other confirmation of the composition of the zinc the Khandiza deposit is of interest for processing in concentrate of the Khandiza deposit. order to effectively produce zinc chloride on an in-
dustrial scale.
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