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10. Rakhmanov H. E. Evaluation of the types of the above ground covering for the detection of landscape objects on space images/A. N. Leukhin, N. V. Parsaev, A. S. Shuvalov, H. E. Rakhmanov, A. V. Kharitonov, E. N. Potekh-in//Herald of MarGTU, "Radio-technical and info-communication systems", № 3, 2010. - P. 40.
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Samadiy Murodjon Abdusalimzoda, Tashkent institute of chemical technology, Researcher, chemical technology of inorganic substances faculty
E-mail: [email protected] Lutfullaev Sa'dulla Shukurovich, Karshi engineering economical institute, Candidate of Technical Sciences, dosent, technology faculty Mirzakulov Kholtura Chorievich, Tashkent institute of chemical technology, Professor, Doctor of Technical Science, chemical technology of inorganic substances faculty
Physical and chemical characteristics of the insoluble rests in water and their influence on process deslurrying sylvinites of Tyubegatan
Abstract: Results of the analysis of work of factory of potash fertilizers and research of mineralogical contents of the insoluble rests in water sylvinites of Tyubegatan deposit by methods of the chemical and physical and chemical analysis and their influence on process hydro mechanical deslurrying of ores are resulted.
Keywords: sylvinite, insoluble rests in water, deslurrying, sulphate, carbonate, silicate, clay minerals.
Introduction: Potassium chloride is the basic potas- izers will increase in comparison with 2014 by 9 million
sium fertilizer for agriculture, potassium participates at Ton K2 O or 21%. The increase in release of potassium
biochemical level in pest control of plants, in particular, fertilizers will occur at the expense of input of new man-
with wilt of cotton [1; 2]. ufactures in the northern America (Canada) on 7 mil-
From 2012 to 2015 manufacture of potassium fer- lion Ton K2 O, the Eastern Europe and the Central Asia
tilizers in the world has increased from 29.1 million (Russia, Belarus) — on 1 million Ton K2 O and East Asia
Ton to 31.5 million Ton K2 O in a year or by 4.2%. In (China) — on 1 million Ton K2O [3]. 2016 will increase to 31,8 million Ton K2 O or by 0.8%. On existing technology potassium chloride on UP
Under forecasts by 2019 manufacture of potassium fertil- «Dechkanabad factory of potassium fertilizers» receive
by flotation method from sylvinite ores of the Tyube-gat deposit with the contents of potassium chloride not less than 31.93% [4]. Negatively affects the quality of production raised (more than 3.25%) the contents of the insoluble rests in water (i. r.).
In practice of enrichment of potassium ores with the low contents of i. r. spend flotation deslurrying with use flocculant and collectors of slimes, for ores with the high contents of i. r. — a combination hydromechanical and flotation methods of deslurrying [5]. Existing methods of deslurrying, used for enrichment sylvinite ores for Tyubegatan deposit are ineffective and caused by essential difference of contents extracted sylvinite ores from put in pawn in the project and properties of an insoluble part in water, the low contents ofpotassium chloride and the raised contents of i. r., namely: the contents of insoluble impurity in extracted ore fluctuates from 1% to 10% and for maintenance of the design contents of i. r. in ore (~ 3.25%) on mine are carried out reclaimer operation and ore averaging; contents of KCI in ore more low and i. r. above, than it is put in pawn in the project. Thus a significant amount of ore with the contents of i. r. 4-5% also are more stored on mine [6].
For finding-out ofthe reasons ofdecrease in efficiency of process deslurrying is necessary carrying out of regular researches, studying ofphysical and chemical characteristics of i. r. and their influence to degree deslurrying ores.
Objects and methods: Researches spent with sylvinite ore of the Tyubegatan deposit containing 20% KCI and 3% i. r.
Deslurrying of low-grade sylvinite ores spent on the modelling installation simulating industrial conditions, and in industrial conditions of first turn UP «Dech-kanabad factory of potassium fertilizers» [7]. The essence of deslurrying consists in processing crushed to fraction less than 1 mm of low-grade sylvinite in the sated solution of sylvinite, branch of the suspension containing particles in the size of 100-200 microns in first and 30-40 microns in the second hydrocyclones.
The chemical analysis initial, intermediate and end-products spent by known methods [8-11].
X-ray analysis of samples of insoluble impurity has been spent on x-ray diffractometer DRON-6, equipped
with a tube with Co-anode and graphite monochromator with length of a wave in a range from 5 to
76 degrees on 2 0.
In the process of work of the first turn on UP «Dech-kanabad factory ofpotassium fertilizers» insufficient efficiency of processes deslurrying of ores and decrease, thereof, selectivity of the subsequent flotation of sylvin-ite has come to light.
For the purpose of revealing of the reasons of decrease in efficiency of a stage deslurrying the comparative analysis arriving sylvinite ores and indicators of operating manufacture of first turn UP «Dechkanabad factory of potasium fertilizers» with data put in pawn is carried out at designing.
For an establishment of influence of structure of arriving ore researches on technology working off deslurrying ores with the raised contents of i.r are carried out.
Distribution researches of i. r. on fractions size ores of the Tyubegatan deposit spent on four samples selected for this purpose low-grade sylvinite ores with the various contents ofi. r. (Table. 1). Samples consistently split up to size less than 1 mm in click and hammer crushers and spent wet sieve. After wet sieve analyzed on the contents of i. r. in fractions of+0.1 mm, —0.1 mm and in "free" dispersed slimes. In selected for wet sieve ore samples defined also the fraction ratio -0.1 mm to fraction of+0.1 mm.
The received results show, that with reduction of the contents of potassium chloride in sylvinite ore the contents of i. r. increases from 3.25% to 5.30%. The contents of i. r. in fraction of+0.1 mm also increases from 2.42% to 4.68%, whereas the contents of i. r. in fraction -0.1 mm remains at one level of8.33-8.90%. The exception makes the contents of i. r. in sample 4. With decrease in the contents of potassium chloride in ore decrease and indicators of the differentiated distribution of insoluble impurity in large and fine-grained fractions of the crushed ores. The fraction relation -0.1 mm to fraction of +0.1 mm decreases from 3.68 till 2.35, whereas at designing in ore the contents of i. r. in small fraction was at 4.39 time more than in large. It in turn leads to decrease in degree of extraction i. r. in fraction -0.1 mm from 35.2% to 20.02%. It one of the reasons of decrease in efficiency of hydro-mechanical deslurrying of ores.
Table 1. - The results of chemical, mineralogical and fraction contents sylvinite ores of the Tyubegatan deposit
Parameters Samples
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
Contents of KCI,% 30.4 25.0 23.2 20.1
Contents of i. r.,% 3.25 4.05 4.95 5.30
1 2 3 4 5
Contents of NaCI,% 63.92 67.56 69.27 71.77
Contents of CaSO4,% 1.32 1.74 1.10 1.41
Contents of MgCI2,% 0.55 1.09 0.90 0.75
Contents of W,% 0.56 0.61 0.58 0.67
The contents of i. r. in fraction size +0.1 mm,% 2.42 3.40 4.51 4.68
The contents of i. r. in fraction size -0.1 mm,% 8.90 8.61 8.33 11.01
The fraction ratio of -0.1 mm to fraction of+0.1 mm 3.68 2.53 1.85 2.35
Extraction of i. r. in fraction size -0.1 mm,% 35.20 21.35 20.65 20.02
Extraction of i. r. in free dispersed slimes,% 9.20 6.77 6.69 5.73
In table presented 2 results of the chemical analysis minerals from selected before four samples of ore with of i. r. on the contents of carbonate, silicate and sulphatic distinction contents of KCI and i. r.
Table 2. - Mineralogical contents of the insoluble rests in water residue of sylvinites of the Tyubegatan deposit
The name of minerals Mineralogical contents of insoluble impurity, weights.% Average on ore samples
1 2 3 4
Chemical analyze
Sulphates 20.92 20.10 16.90 18.50 19.10
Carbonates 51.50 45.00 55.60 49.30 50.35
In total not silicate minerals 72.42 65.10 72.50 67.80 69.45
Silicates 27.58 34.90 27.50 32.20 30.54
Researches have shown, that i. r. of sylvinite ores of the Tyubegatan deposit, according to the chemical analysis, contain 65.10-72.50% of not silicate minerals and basically are presented carbonate and sulphatic minerals.
Contents of "free" i. r., liberated at ore crushing, and taken first of all at its enrichment, differs from contents of the general of i. r. increase in a share of a silicate component from 27.50-34.90% in general i. r. to 53.23-54.72% in "free".
The analysis has shown, that insoluble impurity ofpo-tassium ore of the Tyubegatan deposit, basically, are presented weak slurrying carbonate and sulphatic minerals on 65.10-72.50% from the general quantity of i. r. in ore.
If to compare the received results with data of contents i. r. Verhnekamsky and Starobinsky deposits, considerably essential difference from contents of i. r. Tyubegatan deposit under the contents weak slurrying, silicate minerals. A silicate component in i. r. Verhnekamsky and Starobinsky deposits makes 65-80% from total i. r., from which 25-40% make clay minerals that there correspond 22-32% in general i. r. ores [12].
On the basis of the received data decrease efficiency of hydromechanical deslurrying ores in hydrocyclones, in comparison with design indicators, it is possible to explain also decrease contents of i. r. weak slurrying silicate and clay minerals.
For acknowledgement of the version of decrease in efficiency of process deslurrying because of decrease in contents of i. r. of silicate and clay minerals researches with
application X-ray diffraction the analysis are carried out.
Data quantitative X-ray diffraction the analysis of i. r. of new 6 samples sylvinites with the contents of i. r. 1.3-10.4% and "free" i. r. from samples № 1 and 2 are resulted in table 3.
"Free" i. r. — is that part of i. r. which at wet crushing of ore release and also leaves with suspended view.
The insoluble impurity allocated from samples of 1-6 ores of the Tyubegatan deposit, basically, are presented carbonate minerals which contents fluctuates from 38 to 61%. Carbonate minerals are presented from dolomite — 6-9% and magnesite of 10-54%. The contents of silicate minerals changes from 32 to 56% of which the clay make from 7 to 29%.
Unlike from i. r. initial ores in "free" i. r. the contents of silicate minerals makes 79-86% from which clay minerals make 43-56% and not clay — 29-36% that is one more acknowledgement of decrease in efficiency hydromechanical deslurrying at the expense of decrease in contents of i. r. in ores of the Tyubegatan deposit of silicate minerals which it is easy slurrying. Besides, in contents of "free' i. r. samples № 1 and 2 there are no sulphates that specifies that they are a part intracrystal of i. r.
The results of definitions of structure of the insoluble rests with various methods have shown sufficient convergence of results, especially in definition of silicates and sulphates.
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co 0 OC
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t. Ö • -H T3 Magnesite 34±4 32±3 22±3 54±3 10±2 43±2 5±2 7±3
Ö » i-H o Ö » i-H u n Ö o -e Dolomite 6±3 6±3 9±3 7±2 7±3 7±3 9±3 14±3
u J2 TJ ö » i-H n U Total o ^t- 00 CO CO i-H 00 i/o
Not silicate mineral Gupsum 2±1 1±0.5 2±12 i-H 6±2 2±1
Sulphates, including Bassa-nite i-H
Anhydride 7±3 4±2 12±3 6±2 22±3 9±3
Total ON I/O I/O 00 i-H i-H 1 1
tg Ö » i-H KPSh 2±1 8±3 3±1
M Ö Not clay TJ ö • -H Quartz 27±3 NO 23±4 25±4 42±2 16±2 NO NO CO
T3 TJ ö » i-H Total ON CO I/O 3 NO 36±4
M 'rt ÎH U Ö • -H c tg Ö • -H Chlorides 7±4 12±4 10±4 4±2 2±1 5±1 21±5 16±5
<u -M O »1-H • -H co The clay TJ ö • -H Illite 15±5 18±4 13±4 3±2 7±3 17±3 35±5 27±5
Total ON CO ON NO 1/0 CO
Total i/O NO 1/0 I/O CO 53 00 CO NO 00
The name of samples Sample 1. i. r. ~ 3,2%) Sample 2. i. r. ~ 5%) Sample 3. i. r. 1,03% Sample 4. i. r. 5,78% Sample 5. i. r. 7,2% Sample 6. i. r. 10,4% Sample 7. "Free" i. r. from ore of sample 1. Sample 8. "Free" i. r. from ore of sample 2.
For acknowledgement ofsalt contents of the insoluble rests in water have been removed diffractogram and infrared spectrum (fig. 1, 2).
On the roentgenogram there are the differential maxima concerning carbonates of calcium, magnesium, to two-water and waterless calcium sulphate. Peaks 5.40; 4.56; 3.16 and 2.47 A belong to calcium sulphate, 3.40; 1.875; 1.626 A peaks belong to calcite, and peaks 3.38; 2.75; 2.44; 1.818; 1.434 A — to silicates.
On infra-red spectrum there are strips of absorption of 1008.44 sm1 concerning sulphatic groups. Strips of absorption 3557.42; 3430.55 sm1 concern semihydrate and dehydrate ofplaster, and a strip of absorption 878.32; 467.21 sm-1 — to silicates. It also confirms the obtained data chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses.
Conclution: Thus, the carried out researches have shown, that the reason of decrease in efficiency hydro-mechanical deslurrying of ores is are changes of differential distribution of i. r. in large and fine-grained fractions of the crushed ore and essential difference i. r. of potassium ore of the Tyubegatan deposit on the mineralogi-cal contents from insoluble impurity of known deposits. I. r. of sylvinites of Tyubegatan deposit differ the raised contents of weak slurrying carbonate, sulphatic minerals and rather low contents it is easy slurrying silicate and clay minerals. The unique contents peculiar only to them demands an individual approach to slurrying of sylvinite ores of the Tyubegatan deposit.
CO CO CO
36 30 25 20 15 10 5 3
Fig. 1. The roentgenogram of the insoluble rest in water
Fig. 2. Infra-red spectrum of the insoluble rest in water References:
1. Mavlyanov A. L., Chumachenko I. N., Bessonov E. G.//Agrochemistry. 1978, № 6. P. 83-85.
2. Madrimov I, Potassioum fertilizers in cotton growing. Tashkent: Uzbekistan. 1972. 248 p.
3. Patrick Heffer and Michel Prud'homme. Fertilizer outlook 2015-2019. International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA), 83rd IFA Annual Conference Istanbul (Turkey), 25-27 May 2015. P. 1-8.
4. Constant production schedules of manufacture potassium chloride from sylvinite ores by flotation method «Dechkanabad factory of potassium fertilizers». It is confirmed 31.12.2012.
5. Technology of flotation enrichments ofpotash ores/N. N. Teterina, R. H. Sabirov, L.Ya.Skvirsky L. N. Kirichenko: Under the editorship of N. N. Teterina. - Perm, OGUP «Solikamsk printing house». 2002. 484 p.
6. Samady M. A, Mirzakulov Kh.Ch., etc. Research of process deslurrying of sylvinite ores of the Tyubegatan deposit/Chemistry and chemical technology. - Tashkent, 2015. - № 4. - P. 57-62.
7. Samady M. A, Turaev K. A., Mirzakulov Kh.Ch. Research on improvement of quality hydromechanical deslurrying ores of the Tyubegatan deposit//«Problems of introduction of innovative ideas, technologies and projects in manufactures »: The Collection of materials of Republican scientific and technical conference. On May, 16-17th, 2014 Jizzah 2014. P. 357-358.
8. Methods of the analysis of complex fertilizers//Vinnik M. M, Erbanova L. N., etc. - M: Chemistry. 1975. - 218 p.
Teshabayeva Elmira, Tashkent chemical-technological institute, associate professor Seydabdullayev Yakhyo, Tashkent chemical-technological institute, senior researcher Ibodullayev Akhmadzhon, Tashkent chemical-technological institute, Dr.Tech.Sci., professor E-mail: [email protected]
Influence research phosphate coating alkilolamids of fatty acids on formation of structure of the cross-linking grid and properties of composites
Abstract: In this article of influence the phosphate coating of alkillolamid of fatty acids on kinetics of curing of rubbers is given results research. Show high-speed sulfuric curing without reversion signs at a stage of formation of structure of a cross-linking grid.
Keywords: Influence, kinetics, phosphate coating, alkilloamids, sulfuric curing, physicomechanical properties, dynamic endurance.
Тешабаева Элмира, доцент Сейдабдуллаев Яхё, соискатель Ибодуллаев Ахмаджон, д. т.н., профессор Ташкентский химико-технологический институт, Узбекистан E-mail: [email protected]
Исследование влияния фосфотированных алкилоламидов жирных кислот на формирование структуры вулканизационной сетки и свойств композитов
Аннотация: В данной стати приводится результаты исследование влияние фосфотированных алкиллола-мидов жирных кислот на кинетики вулканизации каучуков. Показана высокоскоростная серная вулканизация без признаков реверсии на стадии образования структуры вулканизационной сетки.
Ключевые слова: Влияние, кинетика, фосфотирование, алкиллоамиды, серная вулканизация, физико-механические свойства, динамическая выносливость.
Введение. Известны многие органические соеди- основное требование — сочетание высокой вулкани-
нения, способные ускорять процесс серной вулкани- зационной активности с отсутствием преждевремен-
зации, т. е. процесс взаимодействия каучука с серой. ной вулканизации в температурных условиях техно-
Однако, предъявляемые к вулканизующим системам логической обработки резиновых смесей — весьма
