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PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS IN ENGLISH
Makhmudova Zulhumor Ikromjon qizi Khudoyorova Farangiz Khudoyorovna Botirova Gulsanam Elbekovna Students of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
Abstract: Phrasal verbs and figures of speech are as often as possible utilized in ordinary English. They are moreover utilized in more particular dialect as counterparts for uncommon terms. The utilize ofphrasal verbs and figures of speech by local patients and wellbeing care specialists makes their communication less demanding and less confounding. Non-native therapeutic specialists frequently come over with English phrasal verbs (figures of speech) in bona fide writings and communication.
Key words:phrasal verbs,definition,idioms, language.
Annotatsiya : Oddiy ingliz tilidafraza va frazeologik fe'llar iloji boricha tez-tez ishlatiladi. Bundan tashqari, ular noan'anaviy atamalar uchun analog sifatida aniqroq shevada ishlatiladi. Mahalliy bemorlar va sog'liqni saqlash sohasi mutaxassislari tomonidan so'z birikmalari va so'z birikmalaridan foydalanish ularning muloqotini unchalik qiyinlashtirmaydi va chalkashtiradi. Yuqoridagi muammolarni malakali yo'l bilan hal qilish yo'llari ushbu maqolada batafsil yoritilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: so'z birikmalari, ta'rif iboralar, til.
Аннотация: В обычном английском языке как можно чаще используются фразовые глаголы и обороты. Более того, они используются в более конкретном диалекте как аналоги для необычных терминов. Использование фразовых глаголов и фигур речи местными пациентами и специалистами по уходу за здоровьем делает их общение менее сложным и запутанным. Специалисты-терапевты, не являющиеся носителями языка, часто используют английские фразовые глаголы (фигуры речи) в подлинных письмах и общении.
Ключевые слова: фразовые глаголы, определение, идиомы, язык.
Phraseologisms make speech brighter and more expressive and therefore are widely used in literary English. They reflect the original, unlike anything else, character of the people of the native speaker. Therefore, for a full-fledged study of the English language, it is necessary to know and be able to distinguish between
INTRODUCTION
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different types of phraseological units. A special place in the phraseology of the English language is occupied by idioms and phrasal verbs.
Logical, historical, coherent and objective methods of scientific knowledge were widely used in the analysis of this article.
Their education is based on the history and culture of the British, which is very closely connected with business life. Trade, travel, active business disputes, parliamentary debates have always played a large role in it, during which specific expressions were formed, consisting of components that have completely different meanings when used independently.
However, this definition can be used to designate any phraseological unit and in order to clearly distinguish between idioms and phrasal verbs, let us turn to their definitions from the Oxford dictionary:
Idiom - A group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words (eg over the moon, see the light) [1].
Late 16th century: from French idiome, or via late Latin from Greek idioma 'private property, peculiar phraseology', from idiousthai 'make one's own', from idios 'own, private' [1]. Definition
Phrasal verb - An idiomatic phrase consisting of a verb and another element, typically either an adverb, as in break down, or a preposition, for example see to, or a combination of both, such as look down on [2].
English phrasal verbs can consist of one or two prepositions, thus forming a small phrase, which is why they got their name - "phrasal verbs". It is important to remember that a phrasal verb is still a verb, despite the presence of a preposition in its composition. For example, "go", "go off" [3] and "go in for" [3] are all verbs, but completely different verbs with different meanings. Therefore, each phrasal verb should be perceived and taught as a separate verb.
From the definition it becomes clear that the concept of an idiom is broader than a phrasal verb, for the latter is an idiomatic expression. But does this mean that the phrasal verb is similar in everything to an idiom? In order to answer this question, let us turn to the structural features of idioms and the features of idioms in translation. Classification of idioms:
REFERENCES AND METHODOLOGY.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
Definition
Origin
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1) Among colloquial (not found in letter) idioms can be divided into three subgroups:
a. Expressions to help avoid repetition or used in conversation. For example, as I was saying before [3] - this phrase can be used to indicate the initial topic of the conversation.
b. Keywords around which you can build a sentence. The preposition "in", for example, occurs in several expressions: in fact [3] - in fact, in practice [3] -practically.
c. Common phrases for modifying statements are also part of this group. For example: "as far as I'm concerned" [3] - from my point of view.
2) Expressions that include comparative phrases "as ... as ..." and "like"For example: "as dead as a doornail" [3] (here it is not necessary to translate the second part of the expression, because, in general, it means dead), "as fit as a fiddle" [3] -that is, it means to be very healthy and strong. But if translated literally, then it turns out - to be healthy as a violin. My grandmother's 70, but she's as fit as a fiddle. "Like greased lightning" - very fast, like lightning. The dog dashed out of the house like greased lightning.
3) Idioms describing people are divided into two subgroups:
a. Idioms associated with positive and negative qualities, such as "His fingers are all thumbs" [3] (he is clumsy) or "She has iron nerves" [3] (she is reserved).
b. Describing people's attitudes towards social norms, for example: "I think Mary has a secret to hide" [3] (Mary is hiding something from us).
4) Idioms describing emotions or mood ... Divided into three subgroups:
a. Positive and negative feelings. For example: "to get on someone's nerves" [3] (annoying).
Note that the phrasal verb "get on" [3] loses its meaning and is not translated as "1 ) get along well, get along or 2) put on (clothes) or 3) get on (on a bus, train, plane, etc.) "but literally means" to influence something. "
b. Physical state: "to burst into tears" [3] (burst into tears) - The parents burst into tears of happiness when their daughter graduated. (Parents burst into tears of happiness when their daughter graduated from college.)
Here, on the contrary, the phrasal verb "to burst into" retains its meaning "to start highlighting a lot of something", while remaining part of the idiom.
c. Fear or fear: She was scared stiff [3]
5) Idioms related to problem situations. This group includes several subgroups:
a. Problems and difficulties: a hard luck [3] (failure);
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b. Idioms with the verb "get": to get frustrated [3]; c. Idioms related to change: to change one's mind - My friend changed his mind and said that he would not go to the movie tonight. (My friend changed his mind and said he would not go to the movies tonight.) D. Easing the situation: to do well [3] (get better).
It is worth noting that just the presence of a verb in an idiom does not make it phrasal.
6) Idioms, related to language use and communication. This group includes 3 subgroups:
a. Communication idioms: to have a row with somebody [3];
b. Interesting or boring conversation: stream of consciousness [3] (stream of consciousness);
c. Conversations, discussions, etc .: to strike up a conversation [3] (start a conversation) - Jane's attempt to strike up a conversation with the old woman was much more successful than Brian's. They really hit it off right away. - Jane is much better than Brian has managed to strike up a conversation with the old woman. They immediately liked each other; we hit it off immediately.
7) Praise and Criticism Idioms: give someone a pat on the back [3] (praise or encouragement) - My boss gave me a pat on the back when I finished the project.(My boss praised me when I completed the project.) Dish out criticism, which translates to "harshly criticize someone, speak negatively about someone" - Our boss started the day with dishing out criticism and everybody got their portion. (The chef started the day by giving out negative criticism to everyone, everyone got their share.)
8) Other idioms:
a. idioms related to payment, purchase or sale: to save up for [3] (save), to buy (something) for a song [3] - literally if translated, then "buy for a song". For example: He bought this jacket for a song at the end of winter. "He got this jacket almost for free at the end of winter.
b. idioms based on the names of body parts: to lend an ear (listen), to have a finger in every pie [3] - a plug to every barrel, to give a hand - to help; c. phrasal verbs related to the daily routine: to get up.
9) Proverbs: Out of the frying pan and into the fire [3].
Although there are similar idioms in English and Russian that have a common meaning, for example, "To take oneself in hand" [3] literally translates as "Pull yourself together", still many English idioms have no analogues in Russian. You can often intuitively guess the meaning of a phraseological unit. For example, the English phraseological unit "To fly off the handle" [3] literally means "To get off the handle",
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and it will not be difficult to understand its meaning by taking the Russian analogue "Out of oneself". Although, such cases are, rather, exceptions, and, as already mentioned, most English idioms and phraseological units cannot be translated literally.For example: not knowing the meaning of the idiom "back the wrong horse" [3], you can make a mistake and translate it literally - "Return the wrong horse", but in fact it means "to support someone or something that will not win , will not win or will not be successful. "
Based on the above examples, it turns out that a verb, being part of an idiom, does not always remain a phrasal verb as described in the example for idioms describing emotions or mood [4] and idioms associated with problem situations [five].
Thus, we can conclude that phrasal verbs can be used in speech both independently and in idioms, without changing their meaning. However, students of English at a deep level will still have to memorize idioms in which phrasal verbs lose their meaning and are used literally. Therefore, it will be more rational to first start studying idioms, and only then phrasal verbs.
1. Oxford Dictionaries - [Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/idiom (Date of treatment 03/21/2017). 2. Oxford Dictionaries - [Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/phrasal_verb (Date of treatment 03.21.2017).
3. Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms. - Cambridge University Press, 1998. - 608 p.
4. Cambridge Dictionary of American Idioms. - Cambridge University Press, 2003. - 512 p.
5. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs // Richard Spears. - Publisher: McGraw-Hill, 2005 .-- 1098 p.
6. The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer. -[Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com (Date of treatment 03.23.2017).
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES:
