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Nasriddinova S.
master
Andijan State Medical Institute Uzbekistan, Andijan Qobilov Sh. senior lecturer Andijan State Medical Institute Uzbekistan, Andijan
PERINATAL PATHOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. FEATURES OF NEONATAL SEIZURES, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT METHODS
Annotation. Analysis of structural features of the nervous system in newborns. In this article, the pathological causes of the central nervous system, the causes, symptoms, and treatment methods of damage to the nervous system will be discussed in this article.
Key words. Lesion, flatulence, syndromes, fontanel, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, hyperactive, cerebroasthenic syndrome.
Introduction. Babies at birth differ from adults not only in external differences, but also in the structure of their bodies, because all systems and organs are not fully formed. During the formation of the brain, the child pronounced unconditioned reflexes. Immediately after birth, the level of substances that regulate the activity of hormones in the digestive system. At the same time, all receptors are already well developed.
In the pathology of the central nervous system, the causes and consequences of damage to the central nervous system of newborns can be very different. There are main factors that lead to nervous system dysfunction. Including:
• lack of oxygen or hypoxia;
• birth defects;
• violation of normal metabolism;
• infectious diseases of the expectant mother during pregnancy.
Let's explain the main factors that lead to disruption of the nervous system.
Lack of oxygen or hypoxia occurs when a pregnant woman works in a hazardous industry, with infectious diseases, smoking, previous abortions. All this disrupts the general blood circulation, as well as the oxygen saturation of the blood, and the fetus receives oxygen along with the mother's blood.
Birth injuries are: is one of the factors that cause damage to the nervous system, because any damage can lead to a violation of the maturation and further development of the central nervous system.
A normal metabolic disorder is: it happens for the same reasons as lack of air. Drug addiction and alcoholism of the future mother also lead to dysmetabolic diseases. In addition, the use of strong drugs can affect the nervous system.
Infectious diseases that can be very serious for the fetus. Among such infections, herpes and rubella should be distinguished. In addition, absolutely any pathogenic microbes and bacteria can cause irreversible negative processes in the child's body. Most problems with the nervous system appear in premature babies.
Damage to the central nervous system in newborns, causes, symptoms, methods of treatment, consequences. Let's talk about the features and injuries of the development of the central nervous system in newborns. Periods of central nervous system pathologies, damage to the nervous system and depression syndrome combine several pathological conditions that occurred during fetal development, during labor, as well as in the first hours of the baby's life. Despite the presence of many predisposing factors, only 3 stages of the disease are distinguished, namely:
• bitter;
• restorative;
• the outcome of the disease
CNS lesions in newborns of each period have different clinical manifestations. In addition, children may have a combination of several different syndromes. The severity of each ongoing syndrome provides an opportunity to determine the extent of damage to the nervous system.
Acute course of the disease.
This period lasts one month. Its course directly depends on the level of damage. With a mild form of the lesion, agitation, increased excitability of nervous reflexes, tremors of the chin, acute uncontrolled movements of the limbs and sleep disorders are observed. A child may cry very often for no reason.
There is a moderate decrease in motor activity and muscle tone, weakening of reflexes, mainly sucking. This condition of the child should definitely warn. By the end of the first month of life, the existing signs can be replaced by hyperexcitability, almost transparent color of the skin, frequent regulation and flatulence. Often, a child is diagnosed with hydrocephalic syndrome, which is characterized by rapid growth of the head circumference, increased pressure, bulging of the fontanel, and strange eye movements. In the most severe cases, coma usually occurs. Such a complication requires to be under the supervision of a doctor.
Rehabilitation period.
Damage to the central nervous system during recovery in newborns has the following syndromes:
• increase excitability;
• epilepsy;
• movement disorder;
• mental retardation.
With a long-term violation of muscle tone, there is often a delay in the development of the psyche and a violation of motor functions characterized by voluntary movements caused by the contraction of the muscles of the body, face, limbs, and eyes. This hinders the child's normal purposeful actions.
With a delay in mental development, the baby begins to independently hold his head, sit, walk, crawl much later. In addition, he does not have enough good facial expressions, a decrease in interest in toys, a weak cry, a delay in the appearance of whining and screaming. Such delays in the development of the child's psyche should definitely alert parents.
The result of the disease.
By about one year, damage to the central nervous system is evident in newborns, although the main symptoms of the disease gradually disappear. Outcome of the pathology course:
• developmental delay;
• hyperactivity;
• cerebroasthenic syndrome;
• epilepsy.
• As a result, the child may have a disability.
Damage to the perinatal central nervous system.
Perinatal damage to the central nervous system in newborns is a collective concept that implies a violation of the functioning of the brain. Similar disorders are observed in the antenatal, intranatal and neonatal period.
Antenatal begins from the 28 th week of intrauterine development and ends after birth. Intranatal includes the birth period, from the beginning of labor to the birth of the child. occurs after birth and is characterized by the adaptation of the baby to environmental conditions.
The main cause of damage to the perinatal central nervous system in newborns is hypoxia, which develops during an unfavorable pregnancy, birth trauma, asphyxia, and infectious diseases of the fetus.
The cause of brain damage is intrauterine infections, as well as birth trauma. In addition, there may be a spinal cord injury that occurs with injuries during childbirth.
Symptoms largely depend on the course of the disease and the severity of the lesion. In the first month after the birth of the child, there is an acute period of the disease, which is characterized by depression of the
nervous system, as well as excessive excitability. It gradually normalizes. The degree of recovery largely depends on the degree of damage.
In conclusion, it can be said that the disease is diagnosed by a neonatologist in the hospital. The specialist conducts a comprehensive examination of the baby and makes a diagnosis based on the available symptoms. After discharge from the hospital, the child is under the supervision of a neurologist. For more staging, an accurate diagnosis is performed by a hardware examination. The treatment should be carried out from the first hours after the birth of the child and the diagnosis. In the acute form, therapy is carried out in a hospital strictly under the constant supervision of a doctor. If the disease has a mild course, then the treatment can be carried out at home under the supervision of a neurologist. References:
1. Majidov N. M. "General Neurology". Tashkent, 1995.
2. Shomansurov Sh.Sh. "Nervous and mental diseases". Tashkent, 1995.
3. Aslanov A. M. "Nervous diseases" Tashkent, 1998.
4. Murtalibov Sh. A. "Reference from Psychiatry" Tashkent, 1993.
5. Shomansurov Sh.Sh. "Children's nervous diseases" Tashkent, 1995.
6. https://fingernal.ru/uz/manicure/porazhenie-cns-u-novorozhdennyh-prichiny-simptomy-metody/
