CC BY
19
DOI 10.46566/2225-1545_2021_1_80_221
Pulatov M.E. assistant
department of infectious diseases Gapparov X.A. assistant
department of infectious diseases Andijan State Medical Institute Uzbekistan, Andijan
POLIOMYELITIS DISEASE AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
Resume: Poliomyelitis (poliomyelitis, Infantile Paralysis, Polio; polio (Greek.)- bruise, myelos-brain) - acute viral infection (gray matter of the spinal cord), harmful to the nervous system. Mainly in the lower part of the body ,harakter with the appearance of paralysis and in most cases, a strong lesion of the spine leads to a cessation of breathing.
Key words: Virus, vaccine, central nervous system, typical, atypical, paralyzed, paresis.
Relevance: currently, despite the fact that the measures for treatment -prophylactic action are well established, they are still encountered in different regions. Including in our country. Poliomyelitis disease is relatively rare than other diseases, but its complications that leave in the human body are very serious. That is , 5% of those infected with the steal forms of poliomyelitis die zi , leaving severe complications such as muscle paralysis, atrophy and bone deformation in 75 - 80% of cases. In addition , the main part (80 - 85 %) of patients with poliomyelitis is made up of young children , that is, those under the age of 15 years, it is impossible not to attract our attention.
Objective: to study and analyze the number of patients with poliomyelitis , the consequences of the disease in the Andijan region for the past years.
Materials and methods of verification. In the last 5 years, 32 patients with poliomyelitis were treated in the orthopedics department of Andijan regional multidisciplinary hospital. Of these, opiated patients are from 16(50%)to 5 years old - 2 patients , up to 10 years old - 9 patients , up to 15 years old - 4 patients , up to 20 years old - 2 patients.
The main method of examination poliomyelitis is a severe disease , which is observed mainly in children of small age. We can vaccinate children to protect them from this infection. Thanks to mass immunization, poliomyelitis and its complications are becoming more common in many countries. But in most regions of Asia and Nigeria, this terrible disease has been going on so far. Therefore, the regions where the poliomyelitis threat is preserved are always encountered. As a result of the wrong attitude of parents to vaccination, poliomyelitis virus can infect
children and cause severe complications. Therefore, popularization of vaccination of the vulnerable younger generation and other measures can save from infection.
In the human body, polyovirus spreads in the central nervous system and damages the Centers and fibers of action, so the disease is manifested mainly by paralysis , paresis and atrophy of muscles.
Polio can be typical and atypical. In the first case, it is always manifested by symptoms of a violation of the central nervous system. Depending on whether there is paralysis or not , the disease is divided into paralytic and non-paralytic forms (when paralysis is absent, meningial symptoms , changes in the cerebrospinal fluid and strong intoxication are observed).
Noparalitic poliomyelitis passes light. In paralytic poliomyelitis, in most cases, complications of different degrees remain. Long and correctly conducted treatment measures can significantly restore the movement function of the muscles, if the injury is not so severe. But when the respiratory center and respiratory muscles are damaged, the condition worsens significantly.
On average, 1-2 weeks pass from the moment of infection to the manifestation of the disease. The typical paralytic form of poliomyelitis is divided into several levels: preparalitic, paralytic, restorative and complication-releasing.
If the immuneitet is weak and can not fight the disease, the disease can go from the drug level to the paralytic level. At this stage, the above-mentioned symptoms of poliomyelitis are accompanied by sluggish and visible signs - muscle relaxation palpitations and asymmetric paralysis of the legs (on the one hand). Pathology can damage the muscles of the tongue, face and, at the same time, breathing. Especially often, due to damage to the muscles of the same breathing, many muscles are destroyed. Violation of muscle function leads to their hypertrophy and deformation of the body skeleton. In most patients, however, the outflow of large joints is observed.
After 4 - 6 weeks after the appearance of the first symptoms of poliomyelitis, the stage of healing, which extends the disease for several months, begins. After that, first the deterioration of the patient's condition stops sharply, and then gradually the recovery begins, while the complication of poliomyelitis in the form of a defect in the muscular apparatus never disappears. The complication stage of the disease is characteristic of violations of various degrees (deformation of the legs, loosening of the muscles, torsion of the spine, severe atrophy of the muscles).
Complications of poliomyelitis the remaining patients are often in treatment courses requiring medical rehabilitation , as well as long-term follow-up, the clinic of the lesion and, at the same time, correctly selected operative and rehabilitative treatment measures. Acquired complications are eliminated with the help of heavy and long-term orthopedic and surgical treatment measures.
An operation was performed in the patient, where a contracture of the knee joint was detected, manifested by the rupture of 4 bolts. The main lesions were observed on more than one leg. And in 11 patients, hammer on the account of paresis of the anterior muscle of the thigh - the relaxation of the heel joint and the fall of the heel were observed. Ilizarov apparatus was installed in 11 children by
conducting Z-shaped osteotomy treatment. Ilizarov apparatus was installed on the contracture bending the knee joint. Taking into account the age of the patients, the segment undergoing operative treatment was treated with hypercorrection up to 1.5 - 2 cm in the process of distillation, taking into account the fact that it was left behind in the process of growth. In the case of loosening the shin compensation joint , various methods were used in order to stabilize it. 18 patients underwent operative procedures to remove the tendons and muscle plates. In addition, Achilloplasty and arthrodesis amalgam in 6 patients were increased in 3 patients.
Conclusion: in place of the conclusion, we can say that the treatment of poliomyelitis or vaccination measures against it is not enough to completely eliminate the disease. Because, now poliomyelitis has a social harakter, when eliminating it , it is necessary to take measures aimed at increasing the medical literacy of the population, strict adherence to personal and general hygienic rules and improving the social condition of the population. In addition, increasing medical supervision in children's institutions and schools, as well as carrying out explanatory work on poliomyelitis vaccination among parents, gives a good result against the disease.
It should also be noted that the sooner the disease is detected and treatment measures are taken, the more likely the child will become a life-threatening disorder.
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