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12PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES
PECULIARITIES OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF STUDENTS TO EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN QUARANTINE
Ihnatenko D.
Student
National Aviation University Kyiv, Ukraine
Abstract
The research has revealed a connection between the social and psychological adaptation of students with the properties of their nervous system, thus determining the intensity level of adaptation processes in students during distance learning and in quarantine. The obtained results should contribute to the awareness of psychology students and lecturers of the peculiarities of the social and psychological adaptation of individuals with different properties of the nervous system for their further professional activity.
Keywords: adaptation, temperament, nervous system, psychology students, distance learning.
Introduction
Due to the threat of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) spread, the majority of the higher educational institutions in Ukraine have switched to distance learning. This situation has somewhat changed the format and structure of the educational process. Students must adapt to the current conditions directly affecting both their efficiency and effectiveness. Successful implementation of distance learning in quarantine presupposes taking into account not only the introduction and use of the new educational format, but also the social and psychological adaptation of an individual as part of adjusting to new realities.
Research rationale
Social and psychological adaptation is vital both in the socio-psychological sphere and in professional, educational, cognitive and other connections and relations. Social and psychological adaptation allows individuals to adjust themselves to the new groups and activities that are important in a particular society, thus contributing to harmony between internal and external living conditions. However, some individuals with inherent psychological properties fail to achieve the adequacy of mental activity in the given environmental conditions and under different circumstances [3, P. 120128]. The adaptation of an individual to learning lies in the unity of the psychophysiological component, pre-acquired professional experience and social adaptation. It is necessary to identify and study the manifestation of socio-psychological adaptation of people with different properties of the nervous system.
Approaches
A research has been conducted in order to determine the peculiarities of the social and psychological adaptation of students to learning in quarantine. The survey sample is made up of 33 third-year psychology students of the National Aviation University. "The Technique of Diagnosing Socio-Psychological Adaptation" by K. Rogers and R. Diamond as well as "The Technique of Diagnosing the Properties of the Nervous System" have been use as the psychodiagnostic techniques.
Main part
Physiological adaptation to the educational process is active in nature causing the body to increase its resistance to factors, facilitate its further vital activity and mobilize its capabilities. Unfortunately, the new environmental conditions somehow limit such adaptation depending on the abilities and endurance of the body. If the intensity of the factors affecting the student's body outweighs the ability to adapt, it may cause pathological changes in physiological systems [2, P. 20- 25]. The strength of the nervous system allows the whole body to recover and continue its vital activity in a new unfamiliar environment. Adaptation of an individual to learning lies in the unity of the physical component of the learning process, pre-acquired professional experience and social adaptation. Physiological adaptation to the learning process is active in nature causing the body to increase its resistance to factors, facilitate its further vital activity and mobilize its capabilities [4, P. 28-34]. Unfortunately, the new environmental conditions somehow limit such adaptation depending on the abilities and endurance of the body. If the intensity of the factors affecting the student's body outweighs their ability to adapt, it may cause pathological changes in physiological systems [1, P. 230-265]. Therefore, it is important to establish a connection between the social and psychological adaptation and the properties of the nervous system.
The psychodiagnostic stage has been focused on conducting a research on a sample as well as collecting actual data using specific techniques. According to K. Rogers and R. Diamond's technique of diagnosing so-cio-psychological adaptation, "self-perception", "dominance" and "adaptability" have been the most apparent indicators among the research participants. In terms of self-perception, the respondents have displayed predominantly medium (45.5) and high (36.5) levels of so-cio-psychological adaptation; in terms of dominance, 42.5% and 33% of the respondents have displayed the average and high levels, respectively; in terms of "adaptability", the respondents have demonstrated medium (54%) and high (24.5%) levels.
According to J. Strelau' s technique of diagnosing the properties of the nervous system, excitation processes in the respondents are displayed at predominantly medium (63%) and high (20%) intensity levels; inhibitory processes in the respondents are displayed at the average (54%) and high (33%) levels; mobility of the nervous processes is displayed at the average (56%) and high (29%) levels.
Correlation analysis as well as Pearson's correlation coefficient have been applied in order to determine
Table 1
Correlation Between the Scales of the Technique of Diagnosing the Properties of the Nervous System and the _Technique of Diagnosing Socio-Psychological Adaptation by K. Rogers and R. Diamond
the connection between the social and psychological adaptation of the students with the properties of their nervous system in quarantine.
The following table has been made based on the correlation analysis together with the technique of diagnosing the properties of the nervous system and the technique of diagnosing socio-psychological adaptation by K. Rogers and R. Diamond.
According to Pearson's Criterion
Technique of Diagnosing Socio-Psychological Adaptation by K. Rogers and R. Diamond
Adaptability
Self-Perception
Perception of Others
Emotional Comfort
Dominance
g «5 S
m 2 a
■s 'I £
e s ^
's a S
o o s
« £ >
s ÊH C
~ o o
a £ *
■= m «
a a ^
H ""
Excitation
Nervous Processes
Correlation Index
0.408*
.398*
.389*
Significance Indicator
Correlation Index
.472*
.425*
.471*
.583*
.475*
Significance Indicator
.024
Source: Ihnatenko D. R. Socio-Psychological Adaptation in Individuals with Different Accentuations of Character and Temperament. Term paper / D.R. Ihnatenko, T.V. Vashenka. - K.: National Aviation University, 2020.
Correlation analysis has not revealed any significant connections between the "inhibition" scale of the technique of diagnosing the properties of the nervous system and the scales of K. Rogers and R. Diamond's technique of diagnosing socio-psychological adaptation. This may indicate that inhibitory processes in the respondents participating in the research are not significant enough to be compared with adaptation components, whereas excitation processes are connected with the scale of "self-perception", "emotional comfort" and "dominance". This may also indicate that the intensity of excitation processes affects the ability of an individual to perceive themselves as well as maintain their emotional comfort and display dominant behavior. Excitation facilitates the overall activity of an individual, pursuance of their goals and the ability to meet their needs thus accepting themselves, their objectives, intentions and ideas. Moreover, excitation processes provide an instant response of an individual to external stimuli helping them express their emotions and feelings, which is vital for personal adaptation. More mobile nervous processes contribute to rapid and sudden reactions as well as form strong temperaments and character traits thus shaping a dominant behavior. All three adaptability indicators at a high level are inherent in a personality with excitation predominating over inhibition.
Nervous processes are also widely involved in personal adaptation; the correlation analysis has revealed specific connections between "adaptability", "self-perception", "acceptance of others", "emotional comfort"
and "dominance". The intensity of nervous processes facilitates adaptation making it easier for an individual to perceive and accept themselves and others, maintain emotional comfort and display dominant behavior. All these indicators are very important during personal adaptation demonstrating the rapidness of the nervous processes and activating particular organs or elements in order to respond to a stimulus. The strength of the stimulus as well as the rate of increase depend on the excitation and the instantaneous reaction of an individual.
Conclusion
More mobile nervous processes contribute to rapid and sudden reactions as well as form strong temperaments and character traits. All three adaptability indicators at a high level are inherent in a personality with excitation predominating over inhibition. Such individuals are more likely to master new learning mechanisms and maintain efficiency within the learning process, whereas individuals with inhibition predominating over excitation find it hard to adapt to new conditions due to their self-doubt and rigidness, which affects their efficiency during distance learning.
The research results should contribute to the awareness of psychology students and lecturers of the peculiarities of the social and psychological adaptation of individuals with different properties of the nervous system in order to provide a supportive environment throughout the learning process.
REFERENCES:
1. Berezin F.B. Psychic and Psychophysiological Adaptation of an Individual. - L.: Science, 1988. - 230-265p.
2. Ihnatenko D.R. Socio-Psychological Adaptation in Individuals with Different Accentuations of Character and Temperament. Term paper / D.R. Ihnatenko, T.V. Vashenka. - K.: National Aviation University, 2020. - 75.
3. Levkivska H.P., Sorochynska V.Y., Shtyfurak V.S. Adaptation of Freshmen in a Higher Education Institution: Textbook. - K., 2001. - P. 120-128.
4. Meged V.V. Psychophysical Aspects of Personality Type / Valentina Meged // Socionics, Mentol-ogy and Personality Psychology. - M.: MIS. - 2002. -No. 2. - P. 28-34.
