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1ОПЫТ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЦЕЛЕЙ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В
РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ Киеня Елена Александровна
канд. экон. наук, доцент Козунов Кирилл Игоревич, студент Белорусская государственная академия музыки г. Минск, Республика Беларусь https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11027164
Аннотация. Важнейшими задачами обеспечения устойчивого развития Республики Беларусь на период до 2035 года является переход на инновационный путь развития, реализация общесистемных преобразований экономики и общества. В статье исследуется дорожная карта реализации стратегии достижения целей устойчивого развития и оценка достигнутых результатов.
Ключевые слова: стратегия устойчивого развития, цели устойчивого развития, инновационное развитие, социальная интеграция, охрана окружающей среды.
BELARUS RESPUBLIKASIDA BARQAROR RIVOJLANISH MAQSADLARINI AMALGA OSHIRISH TAJRIBASI Kienya Elena Aleksandrovna
t.f.n. ekon. fanlari, dotsent Kozunov Kirill Igorevich, talaba Belarus davlat musiqa akademiyasi Minsk, Belarus Respublikasi
Izoh. Belarus Respublikasining 2035 yilgacha bo'lgan davrda barqaror rivojlanishini ta'minlashning eng muhim vazifalari rivojlanishning innovatsion yo'liga o'tish, iqtisodiyot va jamiyatda tizimli o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirishdir. Maqolada barqaror rivojlanish maqsadlariga erishish strategiyasini amalga oshirish va erishilgan natijalarni baholash bo'yicha yo'l xaritasi ko'rib chiqiladi.
Kalit so'zlar: barqaror rivojlanish strategiyasi, barqaror rivojlanish maqsadlari, innovatsion rivojlanish, ijtimoiy integratsiya, atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish.
EXPERIENCE IN THE REALIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Kienya Elena Aleksandrovna
Candidate of Economic Science ,Associate Professor Kozunov Kirill Igorevich, Student Belarussian State Academy of music Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Abstract. The most important tasks of ensuring sustainable development of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2035 are the transition to the innovative way of development, realization of system-wide transformations of economy and society. The article studies the roadmap of realization of the strategy of achieving sustainable development goals and evaluation of the achieved results.
Keywords: sustainable development strategy, sustainable development goals, innovative development, social integration, environmental protection.
To ensure an adequate response to the threats of formation of dangerous conditions for human life (growing energy and environmental crisis, increasing migration, spread of epidemics and socio-demographic polarization of countries, growing number of armed conflicts) and the predominance of the consumerist direction of socio-economic development, 193 states at the UN General Assembly on September 25, 2015 made commitments to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. The decision is recorded in the document entitled "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development".
The Sustainable Development Goals are a set of 17 goals and 169 targets for the international community to help eradicate poverty and inequality, achieve social inclusion, halt global climate change and build a world where our descendants have enough resources to lead a life of dignity in the next 15 years.
The Goals are measures aimed at ensuring equitable progress in the three pillars of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. They are global and universal, but allow for differentiated implementation depending on the local context.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are listed below:
Goal 1: Eradicate poverty in all its forms everywhere.
Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
Goal 3: Ensure healthy lifestyles and promote well-being for all at all ages.
Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.
Goal 5. Ensure gender equality and empower all women and girls.
Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable use of water and sanitation for all.
Goal 7. Ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for
all.
Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.
Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization and innovation.
Goal 10. Reduce inequalities within and among countries.
Goal 11. Open, safe, resilient and sustainable cities and human settlements.
Goal 12. Achieve a shift towards sustainable consumption and production patterns.
Goal 13. Take urgent action to address climate change and its impacts.
Goal 14 Conserve and manage oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.
Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote the sustainable management of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, ensure access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and participatory institutions at all levels.
Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development.
In 2015, the Republic of Belarus committed to the SDGs and since then has been making systematic efforts to implement them at the global, national and regional levels. The so-called governance architecture of the SDG achievement process in the Republic of Belarus includes the following elements:
The President of the Republic of Belarus appointed a National Coordinator for the achievement of the SDGs. He became the Deputy Chairman of the Council of the Republic of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus. The Council for Sustainable Development was formed under the leadership of the National Coordinator. The Council on Sustainable Development includes representatives at the level not lower than deputy heads of a number of state bodies and organizations. The Council includes deputy heads of state bodies and other organizations responsible for the implementation of the SDGs.
Five intersectoral groups have been formed within the framework of the Council on Sustainable Development: on economy, ecology, social issues, education, monitoring and evaluation of SDG achievement. The intersectoral groups are managed by deputy heads of relevant governmental bodies. Representatives of business circles, public associations and international organizations are involved in the work of the Sustainable Development Council. The composition of the participants of each meeting is determined by the National Coordinator for the achievement of the SDGs.
In March 2020, the Group of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus on the achievement of the SDGs by the Republic of Belarus (Parliamentary Group for Sustainable Development) was established.
Regional Sustainable Development Groups have been established to organize work on the Sustainable Development Goals in the regions and promote their balanced development. They are headed by members of the Council on Sustainable Development - deputy chairmen of regional and Minsk City executive committees. Along with the employees of local executive and administrative bodies, the groups include representatives of the business community and public associations.
Belstat's official website https://www.belstat.gov.by has a special thematic section on the SDGs, which contains national and global lists of SDG indicators and documents being developed in the field of sustainable development. An information resource on SDG indicators - the National SDG Reporting Platform - has been developed and put into operation.
As part of the implementation of the National Green Economy Action Plan for 2021-2025, Belarus has developed a draft Strategy for the Development of a Closed-Cycle Economy for the period up to 2035. The Project emphasizes such priority areas as ecodesign, resource-efficient production, industrial symbiosis, packaging sphere, and shearing economy.
The contribution of business to the SDGs is not insignificant. The UN Global Compact is the largest initiative that creates a framework for sustainable business. Only 70 countries have a UN Global Compact Network, including Belarus. Currently, the UN Global Compact Network in Belarus has 31 members, 5 of which joined in 2023.
Companies are ready to publicly say that they are committed to the ideas of sustainable development. The degree of fulfillment of commitments is assessed by a rating agency that assigns ESG ratings. Among the top performers are banking organizations.
When analyzing the progress achieved by Belarus, the so-called key challenges to sustainable development are presented: demographic problems (aging population and declining birth rate, high mortality rate at working age, migration outflow of young people); low labor
productivity; continued relevance of environmental problems (land degradation and chemical contamination of soil, contamination of a large territory with radionuclides, air pollution of large cities and water resources, the need to protect the environment, and the need to protect the environment from environmental pollution). Among the current trends in global development, external challenges and risks are increasing geopolitical uncertainty and regional instability, and the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2018, with the help of international experts, a Roadmap for the implementation of the SDGs in the Republic of Belarus was developed, which includes:
- The elaboration of a national sustainable development strategy (to ensure the inclusion of the SDGs in state strategies, programs and plans);
- four platforms agreed upon by the Council for Sustainable Development to accelerate the implementation of the SDGs: "green" transition to inclusive and sustainable growth; orientation towards future generations; digital transformation and social innovation; gender equality in society;
- nationalization and localization of the SDGs - many actions should be developed and formulated at regional and local levels (following the principle of "leaving no one behind");
- SDG linkages - cross-sectoral coordination;
- financing of the SDGs;
- monitoring and reporting on the achievement of the SDGs.
The functioning of the national SDG governance architecture has shown its effectiveness and relevance. There has been an increase in interest in the work of the RMS on the part of business communities and public organizations. In 2023 alone, 6 meetings of the Sustainable Development Council were held, which were attended by more than 20 public organizations, business representatives, and international organizations.
The NSDS-2035 established the following sustainable development priorities: sustainable development of the family institution and qualitative growth of human potential; productive employment and decent incomes of the population; digital transformation of the economy and large-scale diffusion of innovations; creation of a developed business environment and sustainable infrastructure; ensuring environmental safety, transition to rational models of production and consumption (circular economy).
On July 12, 2022, at the meeting of the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development, the Republic of Belarus presented the second Voluntary National Review on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Detailed and up-to-date information on Belarus' efforts to implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is available on the official website of the SDGs in Belarus.
Let's take a closer look at the four acceleration platforms:
1. "A green transition to inclusive and sustainable growth:
- Planned growth in low-carbon sectors (ICT, sustainable transportation, sustainable tourism)
- Enhanced development of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and access to finance for them, better corporate governance;
- more sustainable use of natural resources with the involvement of the local community;
- energy efficiency and emissions trading.
2. targeting future generations: adolescents and youth.
- Availability of better services for adolescents and youth, particularly those at risk (sexual and reproductive health, justice, psychosocial services, violence reduction);
- Excise taxation, restriction of alcohol, cigarette sales and smoke free policies;
- New skills in science, technology engineering and math / ICT/ innovation and labor market oriented support;
- Decision making and urban public space for interaction.
3. Digital transformation and social innovation:
- Enterprise efficiency and digitalization;
- Capacity building for e-governance and e-justice;
- legislative frameworks and policies to enable human-centered design process, e-participation and citizen feedback;
- space for decentralized prototyping, behavioural insights, new forms of big data, systems thinking and alternative financing techniques (crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending).
4. Gender equality in society
- Broadening and deepening economic opportunities for women to close the gender gap in wages and opportunities;
- family and labor policies to reduce women's child-rearing costs and promote equality in the distribution of family roles;
- legal, policy and other essential services to address sexual and gender-related violence, as well as training on sexual aggression at work and in schools;
- preventive measures that combat stereotypes and promote social and cultural behavior
change.
One strand of the global initiative to achieve the SDGs is their regional localization. "Think globally - act locally!" - these words have become an informal slogan of sustainable development work in local communities in many countries of the world, as well as in the Republic of Belarus.
At the end of 2023, Belstat finalized the development of a regional data platform on sustainable development, which currently has no analogues in the global statistical community. The regional platform is based on the formed regional list of SDG indicators taking into account the specifics of natural and economic potential, peculiarities, challenges and opportunities for the development of administrative-territorial units. The regional list includes 138 indicators, 78 of which correspond to the indicators of the national list and 60 reflect the specifics of regional development.
The regional platform will make it possible to assess the progress in achieving the SDGs both by individual regions and to rank regions in terms of sustainable development.
In 2023, Belstat conducted another assessment of progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the Republic of Belarus. The assessment was carried out for the period from 2015 to 2022.
Belarus is making significant efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, and the results are already visible. The assessment showed that about 80% of the indicators showed significant progress. This is a high result. Belarus also maintains a high position in the world ranking of SDG achievement - 34th place among 166 countries. This is the best indicator among the CIS countries.
As one of the examples of work within the framework of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, let us give an example of work in the youth direction: interim results of the
implementation of the Joint Project of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus and UNDP. This is a contest "SDG Youth Ambassadors - the future of the planet is in our hands". 150 young people from different regions of Belarus took part in the final of the competition. And also the formation of the new composition of SDG Youth Ambassadors and their understudies of the fourth convocation. Active involvement of the younger generation in the issues of sustainable development ensures the continuity of the country's efforts in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and is an important direction of the Joint Project.
The NSDS-2035 is a long-term strategy that defines the goals, stages and scenarios for the transition of the Republic of Belarus to a mature civil society and innovative economic development while guaranteeing the comprehensive development of the individual, raising standards of human life and ensuring a favorable environment. It is designed to eliminate existing imbalances and create a solid foundation for further sustainable development on the basis of modernization of the system of economic relations and effective public administration in order to balance the social, economic and environmentally friendly development of the country.
The key tasks set are focused on achieving high standards of living standards of the population, qualitative growth of the economy, formation of a full-fledged competitive environment, creation of comfortable conditions for life and development of personal potential, preservation of natural systems for present and future generations.
List of sources used:
1. l.Sustainable Development Goals in Belarus https://sdgs.by/ Date of access: 25.03.2024.
2. SDG management architecture https://sdgs.by/about/architecture/ Date of access: 25.03.2024.
3. National reporting platform for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators http://sdgplatform.belstat.gov.by/ Date of access: 25.03.2024.
4. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus: Sustainable Development https://mfa.gov.by/mulateral/sdg/ Date of access: 25.03.2024.
5. Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus : On the work done to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals https://www.mintrud.gov.by/ru/celi_ustoichivoo_razvitia_v_rb-ru Date of access: 25.03.2024.
6. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus: Sustainable Development Goals https://www.minpriroda.gov.by/ru/tseli/ Date of access: 25.03.2024.
7. EcoVadis: What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) https://ecovadis.com/ru/about-us/ Date of access: 25.03.2024.
8. Global Compact Network in Belarus https://globalcompact.by/ Date of access: 25.03.2024.
