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24Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics
journal home page: https://jsdtl.sciview.net
Azemsha, S., Yasinskaya, V., & Hryshchanka, T. (2020). Sustainable development in Belarus: Goals for transport and safety indicator movements. Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics, 5(1), 19-27. doi:10.14254/jsdtl.2020.5-1.2.
Scientific Plafor.
ISSN 2520-2979
Sustainable development in Belarus: Goals for transport and safety indicator movements
Siarhei Azemsha * , Volha Yasinskaya **, Tatsiana Hryshchanka ***
* Department of Road Transport and Traffic Management, Belarusian State University of Transport,
34, Kirova street, Gomel, 246653, Republic of Belarus
** Department of Road Transport and Traffic Management, Belarusian State University of Transport,
34, Kirova street, Gomel, 246653, Republic of Belarus
*** Department of Road Transport and Traffic Management, Belarusian State University of Transport,
34, Kirova street, Gomel, 246653, Republic of Belarus
OPEN ^^ ACCESS I d
Article history:
Received: January 05, 2020 1st Revision: February 12, 2020
Accepted: April 07, 2020
DOI:
10.14254/jsdtl.2020.5-1.2
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to formulate and structure the many goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development related to transport and to review the dynamics of changes in indicators of achievement in the Republic of Belarus of those related to safety. The article used methods of collecting and analyzing information with statistical tools using specialized software. The main results are the formation of the many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda related to transport and their structuring. Statistical models have also been obtained showing the dynamics of changes in SDGs related to safety. The study shows how the application of methods of analysis, structuring and statistical data processing can assess the reachability of SDG and, thereby, establish the main places of application of efforts to achieve SDG for transport.
Keywords: sustainable development goals, sustainable mobility, universal access, efficiency, safety, green mobility.
1. Introduction
On September 25, 2015, UN member states adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It contains 17 SDGs aimed at eliminating poverty, conserving planetary resources and ensuring well-being for all. Republic of Belarus took an active part in the development of the 2030 Agenda at all its stages and committed itself to achieving the SDG. So, in order to formulate a clear mechanism for implementing the 2030 Agenda and implement overall coordination of activities to achieve SDG in Belarus, the post of National Coordinator for achieving the Sustainable Development
Corresponding author: Siarhei Azemsha E-mail: [email protected]
This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
Goals has been established. Under his leadership, formed: Council for Sustainable Development, which included representatives of government bodies and organizations at the level of deputy leaders; Parliamentary Group on SDG; Regional SDGs; Partner Group for Sustainable Development. The Secretariat of the National Coordinator and the Sustainable Development Council is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The management architecture for achieving SDG in Belarus is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Management structure for achieving SDG in the Republic of Belarus
Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus (2017)
Two SDG targets are directly transport-related. Target 3.6: By 2020 to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents. Target 11. 2: Aims to, by 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations -women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons. Transport is a field of activity that concerns almost every citizen, and therefore a number of SDGs depend on the quality of its functioning. The structuring of such goals, as well as the development of scientific tools for their attainability and its application for the Republic of Belarus is a problem field for this study.
2. Literature review
In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, sustainable transport is mainstreamed across several SDGs and targets, especially those related to food security, health, energy, economic growth, infrastructure, and cities and human settlements. The importance of transport for climate action is further recognized under the UNFCCC - the transport sector will be playing a particularly important role in the achievement of the Paris Agreement, given the fact close to a quarter of energy-related global greenhouse gas emissions come from transport and that these emissions are projected to grow
substantially in the years to come. The importance of transport in achieving the sustainable development goals is also emphasized in the resolutions of the UN General Assembly (A/RES/69/213 -Role of transport and transit corridors in ensuring international cooperation for sustainable development and A/RES/72/212 - Strengthening the links between all modes of transport to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals). In 2014, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointed an independent High-Level Advisory Group on Sustainable Transport to provide a focused set of recommendations on how the transport sector can advance sustainable development with poverty eradication at its core, promote economic growth, and bolster the fight against climate change. The outcome of this effort is Mobilizing Sustainable Transport for Development, the first ever Global Sustainable Transport Outlook Report, addressing all modes of transport, in developing and developed countries (United Nations, 2016). Obviously, a new analysis of the work of transport in achieving the SDGs will be given based on the results of 5 May 2020 - Second United Nations Global Sustainable Transport Conference in Beijing, China (United Nations, 2020).
It should be noted that all SDGs related to transport are conventionally divided into 4 groups (Fig. 2):
- safety;
- universal access;
- efficiency;
- green mobility.
Figure 2: Accepted classification of transport related SDGs
nils
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
INDUSTRY. INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE
AFFORDABLE
AND TO
CLEAN MP-
ENERGY INDUSTRY.
■I INNOVATION
■y AND / INFRASTRUCTUF
CO
5" 5 >3 iii
UNIVERSAL ACCESS
EFFICIENCY
RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
PARTNERSHIPS _ _ FOR THE j I J GOALS
GOOD
HEALTH o AND A
WELL-BEING
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
GREEN MOBILITY
4 oV11
1 3 CLIMATE
ACTION
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
Industry, Innovation
and infrastructure
GOOD HEALTH AND m WELL-BEING
Source: Sustainable Mobility for All. (n.d.) There are other ways to group targets for transport (Figure 3, 4).
Figure 3: UNECE sustainable transport division contribution sustainable SDGs
THE WAY FORWARD
UNECE SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT DIVISION CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
through servicing the ITC, ECOSOC Committee, THE PEP and the Special Envoy for Road Safety
Source: UNECE. (n.d. a) Figure 4: UN Transport Conventions, under UNECE ITC purview, and the SDGs
Source: UNECE. (n.d. b)
Proximity to the beginning of Second United Nations Global Sustainable Transport Conference determines the need to summarize certain results of the work done. Realization of the need to perform such surveys on the example of the Republic of Belarus was the motive for this study.
3. Research methods
The article used methods of collecting and analyzing information. In particular an analysis of the goals and objectives shown in Figure 2 shows that a number of SDGs and the tasks shown in this figure will not be related to transport. So, it seems obvious that tasks 5.1, 5.2, 5.5 12.3 and 13.2 (see Fig. 2) are unlikely to have any relation to transport. This is due to the very formulation of the goal, as well as the name of the tasks for these goals, as well as an indicator that measures the achievement of the task.
So, for example, task 5.1 sounds like this: "End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere." The indicator evaluating progress in solving this problem is: "Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex". Obviously, such a task is related to standard-setting (legal) activity, and not to transport.
At the same time, it seems that a number of sustainable development tasks, not reflected in Figure 2, are related to transport. These tasks include:
- 8.4: "Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavor to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programs on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead"
- 12.2: "By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources."
The indicators for assessing progress on both of these tasks are the same and they are:
- Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP;
- Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP.
It seems obvious that the qualitative characteristics of the transport system directly affect resource consumption, as well as material consumption. Therefore, it is proposed to add them to the SDG task list in two groups: efficiency and green mobility.
Also in the article, methods of statistical analysis of data were used. In particular, to assess the dynamics of SDGs indicators 3.6.1. «Death rate due to road traffic injuries» and 11.2.1. «Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities» linear and non-linear regression analysis implemented in [8] was used.
4. Research results
Given the analysis of the collected information, Figure 2 will take the form shown in Fig. 5.
Figure 5: Suggested classification of SDGs
It seems logical that safety-related tasks are paramount. These include (see Fig. 5) tasks 3.6 and 11.2. Their name, as well as indicators that evaluate the dynamics of their changes, are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: SDGs indicators related to transport to the block "safety"
Name SDG
The name of the task
Global indicator of SDG
Republic of Belarus indicator of SDG
Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable
3.6 «By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents»
11.2 «By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons»
3.6.1. «Death rate due to road traffic injuries»
11.2.1. «Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities»
3.6.1. «Death rate due to road traffic injuries»
11.2.1. «Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities»
Source: Sustainable Mobility for All (n.d.).
The following is an analysis of the dynamics of changes in these indicators in the Republic of Belarus.
Indicator 3.6.1. «Death rate due to road traffic injuries» - the number of deaths in road accidents per year per 100,000 population. The dynamics of this indicator are shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6: Dynamics of changes in indicator 3.6.1 "Death rate due to road traffic injuries",
regression lines and forecast values for 2020
20
18
16
14
12
10
18 0 R A JL — 18 0 r m -r n *
• 1 / .Ol f -16.06.1 15.9 m A \ a
w V 13.9
\ 12.02.7
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8.0\ * 7> • 6
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■ 3j. ■ ■ ■ ■ " 3 —-_ ■ o oil
7 1 8 2 0,6
■ ■ ■ • m ■ L Ln-; ■ ■ ■ 1.2 1 I ■—1 ■
4.7
• Total
Children under 16
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Source: National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus (2018)
Figure 6 also shows the regression models that allow to obtain the predicted values of mortality due to road accidents for 2020 equal to:
- 4.7 deaths per 100,000 of the population in total for the Republic of Belarus;
- 0.628 dead children under the age of 16 per 100,000 of the population.
The regression models obtained using (National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, (2017) have the form:
- N = 11414.39-1499.13 Ln(x) - for the entire population of the Republic of Belarus (correlation coefficient 0.93, determination coefficient 0.86, significance level less than 0.05);
- N16 = 351.116-0.1735 x - for children under the age of 16 (correlation coefficient 0.87, determination coefficient 0.75, significance level less than 0.05).
Given that the task is formulated as follows: «By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents » and it was formulated in 2015, when the values N = 7, a N16 = 0.7, then the targets for 2020 will be equal N = 3.5, a N16 = 0.35. Substituting the values of 2020 in the above regression models, we can obtain:
- N = 11414.39-1499.13 Ln(2020) = 4.73;
- N16 = 351.116-0.1735 2020 = 0.646.
Thus, while maintaining the inertial development scenario, the set target mortality rates in road accidents for 2020 will not be realized.
Indicator 11.2.1. "Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities" - the proportion of the population whose travel time by foot from home to the nearest public transport stop takes no more than 15 minutes, in the total population, in percent. The dynamics of its change is shown in Fig. 7.
Figure 7: Dynamics of changes in the share of the population with convenient access to public
transport
Fig. 7 also shows the regression model, which allows to obtain the predicted values of Indicator 11.2.1. The regression model obtained using Statistica has the form: D = 631 - 1095310 / Year (correlation coefficient 0.77, determination coefficient 0.59, significance level less than 0.05). Substituting D = 100% into the regression equation, we can obtain that full coverage of the population with convenient access to public transport will be achieved by 2063.
5. Discussion of the results
The above classification of SDGs related to transport into 4 categories seems to be very successful. It allows structuring the list of all SDGs, which in turn allows to more flexibly manage them.
Using regression analysis to assess the reachability of SDGs also seems successful. This will allow us to assess the possibility of achieving (not achieving) the target values of SDGs and timely respond to possible delays.
6. Conclusions
Thus, this article shows the role of transport in achieving SDGs, as well as an assessment of the dynamics of changes in safety indicators in the Republic of Belarus. In particular, it was found that:
1. Dynamics of SDG 3.6.1 "Death rate due to road traffic injuries" has a downward trend. At the same time, the calculations show that while maintaining such a dynamics of decline, the stated goals will not be achieved on time.
2. Dynamics of SDG 11.2.1 indicator "Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities" has a growing trend. At the same time, calculations show that while maintaining such a growth rate of 100%, public transport coverage will not be achieved by 2030, but by 2063.
It is obvious that in order to achieve the target values of the safety indicator in the Republic of Belarus, it is necessary to develop measures aimed at accelerating the decline of SDG 3.6.1 "Death rate due to road traffic injuries" and accelerating the growth of DG 11.2.1 "Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities". Such events can be derived from generalized experience, for example (National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, 2017). However, the work of a consortium of a number of interested organizations from different countries under the auspices of an international project (Horizon2020, Erasmus+ and etc.) will be preferable.
Citation information
Azemsha, S., Yasinskaya, V., & Hryshchanka, T. (2020). Sustainable development in Belarus: Goals for transport and safety indicator movements. Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics, 5(1), 19-27. doi:10.14254/jsdtl.2020.5-1.2
References
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