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7TECHNICAL SCIENCES
OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS OF DEVICE FOR THRESHING DRY SHORT-
STALKED GRAIN
Bayzakova Z.,
Candidate of Technical Sciences, PhD Doctor, Kazakh University of Engineering and Technology 050060, Almaty, 89/21 Al-Farabi Avenue Zhumabayeva A., Master of Technical Sciences, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University 050010, Almaty, Abay Avenue, 8 Akhmadieva T., Master of Technical Sciences, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University 050010, Almaty, Abay Avenue, 8 Utegalieva F., Lecturer,
Kazakh University of Engineering and Technology 050060, Almaty, 89/21 Al-Farabi Avenue Tursbekova G.
Lecturer,
Kazakh University of Engineering and Technology 050060, Almaty, 89/21 Al-Farabi Avenue
Abstract
The article analyzes the results of experimental studies of device settings for dry cleaning of the short crops. Planning methods of experiment are used which consist in selection of the number of necessary experimental conditions and sufficient to solve the problem. The issues of research methodology, the main research results, discussion of the data and conclusion are reviewed. Based on results of a multivariate experiment, the necessary device parameters for distributing dry short-stalked grain mass in the inclined chamber of the combine are found. The proposed device design helps to expand the technological capabilities of the distribution of bread mass across the width of the inclined chamber due to the effect of a variable gap in the area of the discharge edge of the inclined chamber of the combine harvester. Issues on improvement of threshing crops process using the proposed thresh device are covered.
Keywords: Harvesting 1, optimal 2 distribution 3, devices 4, tilt chamber 5, combine 6.
To ensure the production of competitive agricultural products, a technical and technological breakthrough is needed, as well as strategies for interconnected reproduction in the machine-building and agricultural sectors of the agro-industrial complex [1].
The use of well-known technical solutions for direct combining of dry short-stalked grain crops due to the mismatch between the length of the stems and the optimal parameters for arranging the corrugations reduces the degree of delamination and the orientation of the short stems along the width of the thresher which causes grain loss during threshing, and this is significant from the total crop [2].
In this regard, research aimed at the development of a device installed in an inclined chamber, which provides a reduction in grain losses during harvesting of dry short-stalked grain mass is relevant and of great economic importance [3].
The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of harvesting dry short-stalked grain crops. In these conditions it is possible by ensuring an even distribution of the grain mass entering the local self-government of the combine.
Materials and methods. The proposed device helps to expand the technological capabilities of the distribution (alignment) of the mass across the width of the inclined chamber of the combine harvester.
This is achieved by the fact that in this device, containing an inclined chamber with a bottom, the working surface of which is corrugated, and the corrugations have a V -shaped profile with continuously located stretching branches, a slatted conveyor, a drive and a receiving beater, one stretching branch is made discretely.
At that moment, when the stem mass is already somewhat aligned with the width of the inclined chamber, it is freed from the corrugation, the main mass flow moving from above picks it up, and then it moves in discreteness, further improving the uniformity of the distribution of the moving mass in the direction of the threshing apparatus [4].
The optimum output indicators ( objective functions) - the degree of distribution of the grain mass of dry short-stemmed Y 1 , deformation of ears Y 2 and free grain Y 3 - was determined in Excel 2003 by search engine optimization using the computer program "Search
for solutions". After that, the solution found, taking into Based on the analysis of available information, the
account the significance of each criterion Yi (i = following adjustable factors were selected: levels and 1,2,3), was adjusted by the method [5]. intervals of variation of factors (Table 1).
Table 1.
_Table adjustable factors and their variation levels in experiments_
Regulated factors: natural (coded) Coded levels
- a -1 0 +1 a
x 1 - grain weight supply (q, kg / pm) 1,2 1,5 2.0 2,5 2,8
x 2 - the number of discreteness of the corrugations in the device (n, units ) 1 2.0 3.0 4.0 5
x 3 - incidence of V-shaped corrugations (a, degree) 25.6 29.0 37.0 40,0 45.4
x 4 - the gap between the conveyor and the working surface of the device (5, mm) 3.2 10.0 20,0 30,0 36.8
Note - axial distance aD= 1,682
The experiment was conducted on a developed installation for determining the distribution coefficient of the grain mass of the dry short-stemmed. The conveyor of the inclined chamber was driven by electric motors.
The determination of the distribution coefficient of the stem mass of dry short-stalked bread on this device was carried out as follows. In a weighed portion, the bread mass by means of the fixer adjusting it vertically and moving along the cutout of the frame with a metric ruler 8 measured the initial coordinates of the butt and the spike of colored stalks, relative to the central axis of the inclined chamber [6].
Results and discussion.
The research results showed that the threshing of grain increases due to the uniform distribution of mass
depending on the length of the discrete part of the corrugation. When using the length of the discrete part of the corrugation to 0.24 m, the distribution uniformity decreased by 19.4%. The compression ratio of the grain mass of dry short-stemmed is equal to 4.5...7 [7].
From the analysis of the dependences ( Fig. 1) of the effect of the conveyor speed and the supply of dry short-stalked bread mass on the distribution process, it is seen that a decrease in the degree of deforming of ears y and an increase in free grain £ occurs with an increase in the conveyor speed. At a speed of 1.5 m / s, the degree of deformed ears was 0.14, and at 3.5 m / s it was 0.11.
With an increase in the speed of the conveyor and the supply of dry short-stalked bread mass, the presence of free grains increased from 0.15 to 0.22%.
Fig. 1. Effect of conveyor speed V and mass supply q on distribution process ^
The highest degree of distribution of 84.1% occurs with a supply of 3.5 kg / pm, with a step number of , an angle of attack of the guiding corrugations of 40 0 and a conveyor speed of 2.5 m / s .
The following optimal process parameters were obtained for distribution of the grain mass of dry short-stalked breadth along the width and length of the LSG of the combine : -1,414; 1.355; 0.844; 0.081 or q = 3.5 kg / pm ( supply of dry short-stalked bread mass ); n = 4.0 units ( amount of discreteness in the corrugations ); a = 40.0 degrees ( angle of attack of a V- shaped corrugation); 5 = 20.8 mm (the gap between the conveyor and the working surface of the device ), at which , Y 1 = ^ = 84.1% (degree of distribution of the grain mass of dry short-stemmed); Y 2 = y = 6.4% (degree of deformed
ears); Y 3 = 4 = 3.3% (free grain ) [4]. The presented and obtained device parameters contribute to the expansion of technological capabilities of the distribution of the grain mass of dry short-stalked breadth along the width of the inclined chamber of the combine harvester.
The application of the proposed method with the device allows you to most quickly and more accurately evaluate and determine the numerical values of the distribution coefficient of the bread mass by the working bodies of harvesting machines, in which the measurement of the distribution coefficient of the bread mass is carried out. The obtained optimal device parameters have been realized in improved inclined chamber manufactured by Agromash Holding JSC of Kostanay where production
tests were carried out with positive results in the fields Zhetysu in Karasay area of Almaty region [8].
Conclusions.
The new methodology for determining the distribution coefficient of the biological mass entering the TSD of the combine allows you to determine the distribution board of the inclined chamber, what it should be and what parameters the distribution board of the inclined chamber shall have when harvesting dry short-stemmed crop mass.
The obtained results on an improved inclined chamber are confirmed by analytical approaches to reducing quantitative and qualitative losses during threshing of dry short-stalked bread mass.
References
1. Chepurin G.E. Technological support for combine harvesting grain. - M.: Rosselkhozizdat, 1987 .-S. 157. 1
2. Patent. No. 23913 (Kazakhstan). Threshing accelerator for harvesting machines / Sadykov Zh.S., Espolov T.I., Bayzakova Zh.S., Kokebaev B. et al .; application 04/15/2010; publ. 05/16/2011. 2
3. J.S.Bayzakova, Z.S. Sadykov, M.S. Toylybaev, K.Kalym, T.K. Sultangaziyev // Upgrading the Efficiency of Harvesting Machines by Means of Thrashing Accelerator of a New Type // International Journal of
Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 16 (2016) pp 8966-8970. © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com. 3
4. Bayzakova Zh.S. The optimal parameters and operating modes of the device for harvesting dry short-stemmed crops. Scientific journal of the Russian Federation, VESTNIK NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), No. 3 (24), 2012. 92-94 pp. 4
5. Bayzakova Zh.S. Parameters of the device for normalizing the grain mass in the inclined chamber of the combine before threshing dry short-stalked crops: dissertation. Candidate of Technical Sciences: 05.20.01. - Novosibirsk: GNU SibIME, 2013 .-- 119 p. 5
6. Bayzakova Zh.S. Modernization of the inclined chamber of the combine harvester // Scientific-Production and Information Journal of the Russian Federation, Agricultural Machines and Technologies, No. 6, 2012. 36-38 pages. 6.
7. Bayzakova Zh.S., Chingenzhinova Zh.S. A study on reducing seed loss in crops. // Scientific journal "Research and Results", No. 1 (045), Almaty: KazNAU, 2010 113-116 pp. 7
8. Bayzakova Zh.S., Chingenzhinova Zh.S. K Definitions of quality indicators of the operation of the device for threshing bread mass // Scientific journal "Research, Results", No. 04 (068), Almaty: KazNAU, 2015. 204-206 pp. 8.
ALGORITHM FOR GENERATING EXPERIMENTAL POINTS FOR A QUADRATIC MODEL OF THREE-COMPONENT SIMPLEX-LATTICE PLANS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL ERRORS
Beraia N.,
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Georgian Technical University 77 Kostava Street, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
Tokadze L.
Academic Doctor's Degree, Assistant Professor Georgian Technical University 77 Kostava Street, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
АЛГОРИТМ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ТОЧЕК ДЛЯ КВАДРАТИЧНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ТРЕХКОМПОНЕНТНЫХ СИМПЛЕКС-РЕШЕТЧАТЫХ ПЛАНОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ
ОШИБОК ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТА
Берая Н.
Доктор технических наук, профессор Грузинский технический университет 0160, Грузия, Тбилиси, ул. Костава, 77
Токадзе Л.
Академическая степень доктора, ассистент-профессор Грузинский технический университет 0160, Грузия, Тбилиси, ул. Костава, 77
Abstract
Scheffe's simplex-lattice designs are most widely used in solving various mixed problems using experimental planning methods. Most of the criteria of such plans are related to the structure of the error matrix. But both the structure of the error matrix and the values of these criteria depend only on the choice of experimental points, and even minor changes in the coordinates of plan points are instantly reflected in the values of the optimality criteria. In real conditions, however, the distortion of ideal theoretical plans is inevitable, since the components of the mixture are measured using different measuring instruments with different accuracy classes, usually characterized by certain errors. Keeping the proportions according to the ideal plan is not possible, which leads to the distortion
