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Литература:
1. Боулби Дж. Привязанность. - М.: Гардарики, 2003. -477 с.
2. Боулби Дж. Создание и разрушение эмоциональных связей. - М.: Академический Проект, 2004. - 232 с.
3. Бука [Электронный ресурс]. - URL: http://www.bestiary.us/
4. Захаров А.И. Дневные и ночные страхи у детей. - СПб.: Речь, 2005. - 320 с.
5. Захаров А.И. Нервозы у детей и их психотерапия. -СПб.: Лениздат, 2000. - 336 с.
6. Риман Ф. Основные формы страха: Исследование в области глубинной психологии. - М.: Академия, 2005. -192 с.
7. Татаринцев А.Ю., Григорюк М.Ю. Детские страхи. Куклотерапия в помощь детям. - СПб.: Речь, 2007. -249 с.
8. Хухлаева О.В. Коррекция нарушения психического здоровья дошкольников и младших школьников. - М.: Академия, 2003. - 176 с.
ПСИХИЧЕСКИЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ЛЕГКИХ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ ГЕРИАТРИЧЕСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА
А.М. Шеранов
Самаркандский ГМИ, г. Самарканд, Узбекистан Е-mail автора: [email protected]
В последние десятилетия хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) представляет важнейшую медико-социальную проблему, отличается широкой распространенностью, приводит к экономическим потерям вследствие временной нетрудоспособности и инвалидности, характеризуется неблагоприятным прогнозом.
Рациональное ведение больных ХОБЛ гериатрического возраста на стационарном и амбулаторном этапах, адаптация их в бытовых условиях представляет актуальную клиническую, психологическую и медико-социальную проблему. Так как у них заболевание сопровождается различными психическими расстройствами. Психические расстройства (в частности депрессия) в период старения встречаются в 2 и более раз чаще, чем в молодом возрасте. Это обусловлено увеличением частоты депрессий с возрастом, а также ростом продолжительности жизни. Психические расстройства отрицательно сказываются на течение и исходе соматических заболеваний, в частности при ХОБЛ.
Депрессивный сидром (ДС) часто воспринимается не как болезнь, а как часть нормального процесса старения. С возрастом возрастает "недифференцированность" психопатологических и
психосоматических симптомов. Они переплетаются и усугубляют друг друга. Развитию ДС помимо пожилого возраста способствуют и другие не менее важные факторы: хронические соматические заболевания, женский пол, употребление алкоголя, одиночество. Особое внимание врачей должно быть направлено на употребление определенных лекарств, которые могут вызывать ДС.
Материал исследования: обследовано 50 больных с ХОБЛ в возрасте от 60 до 75 лет. Из них 35 мужчин и 15 женщин.
Результаты и обсуждение.
У большинства обследованных происходило постепенное развитие ХОБЛ в течение 12-15 лет; кашель опережал появление одышки на 10-12 лет; обострения, как правило, были 1 -2 раза в год и реже продолжительностью 10 -14 дней. У всех пациентов был ДС разной степени тяжести. Оценка депрессии проводилась по шкале Г амильтона и опроснику Бека. В комплексную терапию (антибиотики, бронхолитики, отхаркивающие, микроэлементы, поливитамины и др.) больных мы включили антидепрессивный препарат флуоксетин (Де-прес) в течение 3-4 недель. Через 2 недели терапии Депресом у 40% (20) пациентов наступило улучшение состояния, через 4 недели значительное улучшение состояния (шкала Гамильтона). Характер побочных эффектов у больных пожилого возраста не отличался от пациентов всех возрастов. Влияние Депреса на витальные функции полностью совпадало с эффектом плацебо.
РАЗНОЕ
ON THE STUDY OF ETHNIC TRADITIONS AS A MEANS OF FORMING MORAL CONVICTIONS OF SENIOR STUDENTS
D. Zh. Sakenov, D.Zh. Abdulkhamidova,
Y. Shnaider, B.T. Mukhamedzhanov
Pavlodar state pedagogical institute, Kazakhstan
E-mail: [email protected]
ОБ ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ ТРАДИЦИЙ КАК СРЕДСТВА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НРАВСТВЕННЫХ УБЕЖДЕНИЙ УЧАЩИХСЯ СТАРШИХ КЛАССОВ
ДЖ. Сакенов, Д.Ж. Абдулхамидова,
E. Шнайдер, Б.Т. Мухамеджанов
Павлодарский ГПИ, г. Павлодар, Казахстан
Резюме: в работе рассматривается проблема исследования этнических традиций как средства формирова-
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ния нравственных убеждений учащихся старших классов, на основе которых возможно их противостояние и противодействие всякого рода зависимостям.
Ethnic traditions as a sociocultural phenomenon allowing to comprehend the national identity of peoples and universal norms in each culture which make a methodological basis for formation of moral beliefs of a personality are studied in the work. The model of formation of moral beliefs of seniors which has a systematic character is developed and carried out through the interconnected stages consistently replacing one another on each of which purposes, contents, methods and forms of its organization are defined. The world outlook structure of formation of moral beliefs of seniors which is revealed through the interconnected components: intellectual (the content of moral belief), emotional (development of feelings, estimated judgments), activity (familiarization with cultural values of peoples, education of the norms of the correct behavior in a society, development of steady outlook according to the acquired knowledge is studied.
Formation of moral beliefs is a difficult process. Moral principles and norms serve as a regulator of relationships and behavior of people and together with esthetic views define the relation to the surroundings, forms of activity, its purposes and results. In turn ethnic traditions are also the mechanism which influences a personality morally and is capable to create the correct belief because this is the social experience saved up by the mankind in the course of all progressive activity [1]. In difficult world outlook structure of consciousness of a personality the process of formation of resistant moral beliefs is more successful at the senior school age [2]. At youthful age the main lines of outlook are formed and the first independent adult selfdetermination is carried out. Acquiring the system of knowledge and familiarization with cultural values are the main characteristics of the activity of seniors thanks to which, as J. Erkelens approves, the youth will receive the skills necessary to think and act respectively [3]. In the conditions of the moral crisis of the society it is very important to correctly organize the daily activity of students which would be the peculiar bringing-up soil connecting the ideas of consciousness with concrete acts [4]. Accumulation of moral knowledge makes a basis for development of beliefs and formation of steady motives for moral behavior. As beliefs are based on reasonable understanding of the moral need to personally follow certain norms of morals and rely on confidence of correctness and justice of moral principles by which a person is guided it is expedient to refer successful formation of beliefs to the senior school age. At the same time practical experience proves that systematized knowledge based on
ethnic traditions focused on universal ethical values and excluding ethnic exceptionality and ethical indeterminacy promotes formation of moral beliefs among students [5].
In Kazakhstan there is a certain tendency in the works of N. Sarsenbayev, S. Zhamansariyeva, K.N. Sarybekov to studying of national traditions and their use in preparation of seniors for family life, national customs and traditions and their influence on education of children and youth in the researches of A.H Mukhambayev, S.I. Abishev, N.N. Podobed and others [6].
In researches of A.K. Imanov, N.V. Ivleeva, A.S. Kurmanbekova, G.Z. Musabekova, G.B. Ospanova, R.K. Atamanov, A.A. Kalyuzhnov, K.A. Ismailova,
0. V. Zavalishina the problems of moral education of school and college students are studied [7].
Emphasizing the value of the above-named researches it is necessary to note at the same time that on the basis of ethnic traditions taking into account the present realities of development of the society, continuity of traditional and progressive education [8], future prospects of development of schools [9] it is necessary to consider formation of moral beliefs of seniors as a separate research. Ethnic traditions consist of the whole complex of the achievements of peoples in the field of material and spiritual culture [10].
Conclusion. We pay our attention to those ethnic traditions which have universal contents and promote identifications of an identity with representatives of a certain nation.
References:
1. Pascal Boyer Tradition as Truth and Communication: A Cognitive Description of Traditional Discourse (Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology, No. 68), 2006. - 156 р.
2. Hubieva F.L. Formation of ethnic identification as the bases of development of moral qualities of the personality of senior school students // J. of Scientific problems of humanitarian researches. - 2009. - № 10. - Р. 87-93.
3. Erkelens J. Moral education: our children’s best hope. Royal Roads University (Canada), 2005. - 1102 р.
4. Hunt G. Moral crisis, professionals and ethical education // J. Nursing ethics. - 1997. - Vol. 1, № 4. - Р. 29-38.
5. Vessuri H. Etnical challenges for the social sciences on the threshold of the 21ST century // J. Current Sociology. -2002. - Vol. 1, № 50. - Р. 135-150.
6. Sakenov D.Zh. Preparation of seniors for family life. Sexual education: Monography: 2 books, Book 1 Preparation of seniors for family life (on the materials of national traditions). Pavlodar state University, 2003. - 104 р.
7. Sakenov D.Zh. Moral-ecological bases of sexual education of seniors. Pavlodar state pedagogical institute. - 2006. - 54
р.
8. Askerman D.B. Traditional versus progressive education: using both traditions // J. of Curent. - 2003. - № 454. - Р.
3.
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9. Izhar O., Hemsley-Brown J. The research on school marketing. Current issues and future directions // J. of Educational Administration. - 2004. - Vol. 3, № 42. - Р. 375-400.
10. Tuchina O.R. Ethnocultural tradition and self-understanding of personality // J. of Culture and civilization. - 2012. - № 2-3. - Р. 114-122.
METHOD FOR STUDYING THE ROLE OF ETHNIC TRADITIONS IN THE EDUCATION OF MORAL CONVICTIONS OF SENIOR STUDENTS
D. Zh. Sakenov, D.Zh. Abdulkhamidova,
Y. Shnaider, B.T. Mukhamedzhanov
Pavlodar state pedagogical institute, Kazakhstan
МЕТОДИКА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ РОЛИ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ ТРАДИЦИЙ В ВОСПИТАНИИ НРАВСТВЕННЫХ УБЕЖДЕНИЙ УЧАЩИХСЯ СТАРШИХ КЛАССОВ
Д.Ж. Сакенов, Д.Ж. Абдулхамидова,
E. Шнайдер, Б.Т. Мухамеджанов
Павлодарский ГПУ, г. Павлодар, Казахстан E-mail: [email protected]
Резюме: в статье рассматривается проблема методики исследования роли этнических традиций в воспитании нравственных убеждений учащихся старших классов, на основе которых возможно их противостояние и противодействие всякого рода зависимостям.
For the solution of the set objectives and verification of the initial assumptions the following methods of research were used: theoretical - analysis and studying of the problem in scientific literature, empirical -observation, conversations, questioning, discussions, interviewing, analysis of the best pedagogical practices, analysis of creative works of students, studying of school documentation, modeling [1, 2].
In the developed model the main components directed on formation of moral beliefs of the identity of seniors are presented. Each component promotes realization of the set objective and provides a result. For example the principle of determinism shows causal conditionality of national-psychological features by social factors influencing the process of formation. That is why in order to comprehend a concrete ethnocultural phenomenon correctly it is necessary to understand specific reasons and conditions which generated it. The methodological principle of unity of consciousness and activity gives a correct understanding of the essence of manifestation of ethnic
traditions depending on regularities of a certain kind of activity in which a school student is involved. When studying any national feature the principle of personal approach demands considering that their bearer is always a concrete person and a representative of a certain ethnic community with characteristic feelings, thoughts, experiences, etc. Besides it is necessary to take into consideration the principle of considering of ethnic factors. The latter comes from the material life of people. When studying them it is important to be guided by demographic and statistical regularities to which they submit in their development thereby influencing the psychology of a person.
Thus the theoretical analysis of scientific works, studying of educational resources at the senior stage of school, the proved and developed model allowed to define the following pedagogical conditions of formation of moral beliefs of seniors: theoretical-methodological, psychology-pedagogical and organizational -pedagogical. These conditions assume accumulation of the necessary sum of knowledge, organization of a joint activity of seniors and the coordinating body of the educational process of a school, the maintenance of educational programs, forms and methods of practical activities.
On the basis of the developed model and the revealed pedagogical conditions in the course of the research a diagnostics on definition of the initial level of formation of moral beliefs of seniors was carried out. The analysis of the results of the ascertaining experiment showed the prevalence of a number of pupils with low and average level of formation of the required quality what confirmed the organization of the purposeful work.
The forming experiment included some interconnected stages: educational, reformative and generalizing and was carried out within the frames of a specially developed program in out-of-class activity of pupils «Moral imperatives are the basis for ethnic traditions». At each stage certain tasks were set which in the course of their successful implementation systematically led to the final result. The active methods included observation, questioning, testing, the method of expert evaluations, conversations, etc.
The developed program had the purpose to show seniors the universal values in each culture and at the same time their national identity and uniqueness of each culture. At the same time school students acquired the necessary knowledge. Such goal-setting took place at the 1st stage of the practical-experimental work. The following set of knowledge is necessary for seniors:
- an objective basis of the life of any nation is the need for interaction and communication between people. There is a trend: the higher the intra-national
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