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4ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
ON THE ROLE OF PROSECUTORIAL SUPERVISION IN THE FIELD OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PREVENTION
Sobitova U.M.
Sobitova Umidakhon Murod qizi - Lecturer, DEPARTMENT "COURT, LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES AND ADVOCACY" TASHKENT STATE UNIVERSITY OF LAW, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article analyzes the role of prosecutorial supervision in the preventive sphere related to juvenile delinquency. The issues of deviant behavior, including levels of social deviation, are revealed. The main emphasis is placed on the importance of the direction of the activities of the prosecutor's office in the framework of the protection and protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors, as well as on coordination activities in the prosecutor's office.
Keywords: prosecutorial supervision, deviation, neglect, social deviation, coordination, minors, criminal behavior.
The problem of protecting a person from criminal encroachments and respecting the rights and legitimate interests of each individual is faced with varying degrees of severity by each country. In this regard, one of the priorities of the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the prevention of offenses. In view of this, the staff of the prosecutor's office pay close attention to such pressing problems as: high unemployment, low level of education, poverty of the population.
In addition, in any society there are social norms adopted by this society and, in turn, deviation from these norms or non-compliance with them is called social deviation or deviation. A detailed sociological explanation of deviation was first given by the French scientist E. Durkheim [1]. He proposed the theory of anomie, which reveals the importance of social and cultural factors. According to Durkheim, the main reason for deviation is "lack of regulation", "abnormality". In essence, it is a state of disorganization of society, when values, norms, and social ties are either absent or become unstable and contradictory. At the same time, it is important to analyze, as Professor Truntsevsky Yu.V. believes [2], antisocial, negative social, so-called "background" phenomena - social deviations - have a direct impact on the increase in crime. Nevertheless, the commission of a crime is usually preceded by such forms of deviant, deviant behavior as drunkenness and alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, social parasitism and child neglect. Of course, it is these negative social phenomena that are closest to criminal behavior, contribute to the commission of certain crimes and therefore pose a serious danger to society and individual citizens. Therefore, criminology considers these social deviations as the causes and conditions of crimes.
Moreover, social deviations are studied at two levels: individual and mass. At the individual level, we are talking about a single human behavior, at the mass level - about a set of acts of this kind, about a system of violations of social norms (deviations). Among the above-mentioned social deviations, groups of socially active (drunkenness and alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution) and socially passive (social parasitism and child neglect) types can be distinguished. The first type of social deviations is characterized by an aggressive orientation, expressed in hooligan motives, violence, as well as a selfish orientation. The second type is characterized by indifference to socially significant values and civic duty. In addition, the motivation of most social deviations, as a rule, is associated with the alienation of the individual from society, the collective and the family. In this regard, these types of social deviations in real life "intersect" with each other, complement each other. Thus, child
neglect is often associated with alcoholism of parents, drug addiction of adolescents, and prostitution with social parasitism and so on.
In turn, as an example of social deviation, we will cite and reveal child neglect. The danger of homelessness is seen in the fact that such an environment contributes to the formation of a personality unsuited to normal social life on the basis of values, norms and forms of behavior inherent in society. Left to their own devices, surviving on funds obtained, as a rule, illegally, a significant part of the younger generation commits crimes and will consider this the norm in their later lives. The presence of a teenager for a long time in a homeless criminal environment actually determines his life path. The main reason for child neglect and homelessness, first of all, is the difficult socio-economic situation in the country: family problems, alcoholism, drug addiction, social orphanhood, failure by parents to fulfill their responsibilities for raising children, child abuse, vagrancy, begging, involvement of adolescents in criminal activities by adults.
In addition, street children participate in the sale of stolen goods, gambling and other criminal and semi-criminal cases (for example, they intentionally throw themselves under cars in order to receive money from drivers with the help of adult accomplices).
Next, we will directly reveal the importance of the activities of the prosecutor's office in the framework of the protection and protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors, which today is defined in the form of prosecutorial supervision of the implementation of legislation: on the social protection of minors; on the protection of the health and life of minors; on education; on the protection of children from information harmful to their health and full development; suppression of the facts of child abuse, all forms of violence against them; the requirement from the bodies of preliminary investigation of strict observance of criminal procedure legislation that guarantees the rights of minors; strict compliance by bodies and institutions of prevention with the requirements of legislation on the identification of street and neglected children. At the same time, the effectiveness of prosecutorial supervision in the field of prevention of homelessness, neglect, commission of offenses and crimes by minors depends both on knowledge of the subject of legal regulation and supervised facilities (subjects of the system of prevention of child homelessness and crime), and the systematic and completeness of the inspections carried out.
By all means, the main thing in conducting inspections is to ensure a balance between the observance of the rights and interests of minors by all subjects of prevention and the measures taken to prevent neglect and juvenile delinquency. In the future, an effective scheme for the organization of a mechanism for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency should be developed.
Therefore, in this case, the following important points should be under prosecutor's supervision: contacting law enforcement and judicial authorities in the interests of minors; providing assistance to minors; performing functions for their social rehabilitation; applying disciplinary or other types of liability to citizens, officials and organizations in case of inaction or non-compliance with their decisions.
Healthcare institutions should also be under prosecutor's supervision, and at the same time, the prosecutor should focus on clarifying the following issues:
— is the reception and maintenance of abandoned, lost and other children under the age of four, as well as minors under the influence of alcohol or drugs, carried out in medical institutions to provide them with medical care;
— Are measures being taken to prevent alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse of minors (registration of minors with addiction, their examination and treatment);
— whether a medical examination of minors left without parental care is carried out, followed by the preparation of recommendations on their device, taking into account the state of health [4].
An important tool in improving the effectiveness of preventive work is the use of materials from prosecutor's inspections when prosecutors make proposals to comprehensive plans to combat crime and strengthen the rule of law, planning joint law enforcement
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activities, communicating the results of inspections using the media to the public, reporting on the results of inspections at meetings of representative (legislative) authorities.
Let us analyze that for the successful implementation of the preventive activities of the prosecutor, coordination [4] of the activities of law enforcement agencies to combat crime plays an important role.
The coordination activities of law enforcement agencies are aimed at providing a comprehensive analysis of the state of crime, its structure and dynamics, forecasting trends in the development and further suppression of crimes.
As a result, the coordination activities carried out by the prosecutor's office can be effective only if all law enforcement agencies involved in the prevention of offenses combine all efforts, acting together for the timely detection, suppression, disclosure, investigation and prevention of crimes.
References
1. Sobitova U.M. Criminological characteristics of certain types of crimes in the sphere of economic activity and the persons who committed them. Отечественная юриспруденция. - № 1 (50), 2023.
2. Собитова У.М. Роль прослушивания переговоров, ведущихся с телефонов и телекоммуникационных устройств в уголовном судопроизводстве. -Отечественная юриспруденция. - № 1 (50), 2023.
3. Cherkesov B.A. Scientific article. Social norms and deviant behavior / Electronic site: URL: https://www.fundamental-research.ru (date of application: 06/18/2023).
4. Truntsevsky Yu. V. Scientific article on law. Social deviations as factors of committing crimes, and their neutralization / Electronic site: URL: https://cyberleninka.ru (date of application: 06/18/2023).
5. Vestnik of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. -2021. No.4 (99). P. 163-175.
6. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "About the Prosecutor's Office" / Electronic website: URL: https://lex.uz/acts/105533 (date of application: 12/29/2023).
