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УДК: 355/359.338.28
Ашенова Ш. К.
Международный университет информационных технологий, Казахстан
ОБОРОНОСПОСОБНОСТЬ ГОСУДАРСТВА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ АСПЕКТОВ
УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Ashenova S. K.
International Information Technology University, Kazakhstan
DEFENSE CAPABILITY OF THE STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF
MANAGEMENT
Аннотация
В статье рассматривается взаимосвязь экономической составляющей государственного управления с такой важной подсистемой экономики, как оборонная промышленность страны. Представлен краткий анализ становления ОПК независимого Казахстана. Сделан вывод о том, что полноценное развитие этой отрасли позволит государству занять одно из лидирующих положений на мировой арене.
Abstract
In article the interrelation of an economic component of public administration with such important subsystem of economy as defense industry of the country is considered. A brief analysis of the formation of the defense industry of independent Kazakhstan is presented. It was concluded that the full development of this industry will allow the state to occupy one of the leading positions on the world stage.
Ключевые слова: национальная и экономическая безопасность, геополитика, глобализация, оборонно-промышленный комплекс, экономика государства, обороноспособность
Keywords: national and economic security, geopolitics, globalization, defense industry, state economy, defense capability
With declaration of the state independence of Kazakhstan headed for multivector foreign policy which has the positive moments from which main thing is attraction of foreign investments for development of national economy. The peace geoeconomic value of Kazakhstan for the international community inevitably caused geopolitical rivalry of world and regional powers. The transformation of a multivector policy towards acquiring the status of a neutral state becomes very difficult for Kazakhstan.
Switzerland has the status of the world neutral country. Its neutrality is supported with the high level of economic development and guarantees as the adjoining countries, and all international community. At the same time, the Swiss armed forces are considered as one of the strongest in the world. The high defense capability of the state is provided by the developed and effective economy leaning on the latest developments of scientific and technical progress that allows to satisfy not only material requirements of society but also to make all necessary for strengthening of defensive capacity of the country.
In Kazakhstan today, the Defense Industrial Complex (MIC) is one of the most priority areas for the development of the national economy. Defense industry enterprises which should become suppliers of the latest samples of arms and military equipment in armed forces are quite dependent on foreign orders and at the same time from a political conjuncture. Those significant changes in geostrategy which we can observe in the last decades are connected with technological
achievements of the leading states of the world, conceptually new use of military force and developed economy of the countries.
The modern economy provides the necessary level of development of the military industry, production of the latest samples of the equipment and weapon , creation of strategic raw materials and food stocks and other components of the defensive capacity of the state. Each state constantly cares for that its armed forces were powerful, mobile, had modern means of protection, professionally used all types of military equipment and weapon, had high combat capacity and combat readiness, and operate in the mode of legality and provisions of international law. And it is possible with a developed economy and proper strategic management [3].
Kazakhstan cannot protect itself from globalization and geopolitical situations having directly entered an artery of world development. Internal and external factors respectively define internal and external security of the state in the general set of political safety. Internal and external factors respectively define internal and external security of the state in the general set of political safety. Diplomatic and military structures are responsible for external safety. Economic security as set of conditions for economic development protects the country both from internal, and from external threats. Since economic independence makes it possible and necessary for the state to control national resources, behind growth of efficiency and quality of products, over the stable and sustainable development of economy assuming control of destabilization factors.
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These same conditions of stable development of the state are the cornerstone of the one of the improvement problems of the state's military organization since this issue affects the preservation of independence status in the context of modern globalization processes. The issue of further development of defense industry, its technological base, creation of high-tech weapons, military equipment and ammunition production has a close connection with giving the modern look to the Armed Forces, corresponding to the world military standards of the 21st century and ensuring the security of Kazakhstan in the military sphere.
In March 2007, the state program for the development of weapons and military equipment of the Armed Forces, as well as the defense industry complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2015 was approved. Within the specified program it was supposed to carry out a number of the measures for repair and modernization the existing weapons and military equipment in Kazakhstan army, as well as at the Kazakhstan enterprises, the purchase of new types of weapons and military equipment, as well as the development of defense industry enterprises. However insufficiently effective industrial policy on state regulation and financial support of defense industry did not allow to overcome the crisis phenomena in it.
On instructions from the President of the country N.A. Nazarbayev, given at the extraordinary XII congress of the Nur Otan party in May 2009, a special program for the technological modernization of the Armed Forces and development of production of weapons and military equipment was developed [2]. Within the framework of this program, the task of increasing the Kazakhstan content in the annual purchases of military goods, works and services and reducing the share of imports has to be carried out. For this purpose the capacity of the enterprises of defense industry of Kazakhstan and other domestic manufacturers had to be used as much as possible. As envisioned by developers, this program had to coordinate issues of technological modernization of law enforcement agencies and development of the defense enterprises of Kazakhstan.
In May 2018, at the governmental hour in the Majilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the topic "Actual issues of development of the defense-industrial complex (DIC) of the Republic of Kazakhstan", the vice speaker of chamber Vladimir Bozhko noted that the work of the Ministry of Defense and Aerospace Industry (MDAI), its committees and subordinate enterprises there are a number of technical and organizational problems that need to be addressed. According to him: "a deterrent to the development of the defense industry is the lack of a long-term program of re-equipment and development of the defense-industrial complex aimed at loading enterprises with defense orders with the necessary funding, which prevents stable planned work of enterprises for the production of equipment, property and ammunition" [1].
These issues require close attention and resolution at the level of government. In many states of the world the defense industry complex is the engine of economic development and technological progress. The develop-
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ment of this industry has a significant impact on the development of the state as a whole, its security. Through development of the defense industry economically developed countries carry out the considerable investments into advanced technologies, into fundamental and applied science, into element base, stimulating their development. That is why the development of defense industry is one of the major priorities not only for the strategy of national security of our state, but also for implementation of the state program of the forced industrial innovative development that will allow the state to hold a firm place on the world scene. In the Strategic Development Plan of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2020, the task is to provide the state defense order by 80% at the expense of domestic production [4]. This will require maximum use of the capabilities of defense enterprises to expand the range of Kazakh-stani goods, works and services for military purposes.
In conclusion, I would like to note that the questions of need of strengthening of defense industry complex have, first of all, relation to national and economic security of the country, but not to a so-called "race of arms". Kazakhstan, due to its multi-vector foreign policy, has a number of features inherent in neutral states and a path to neutrality in the first decades of independence. Thus, Kazakhstan was the initiator of the CICA -the Asian security system, convening around itself a number of countries in the world. In the early 2000s, Kazakhstan was recognized as a market country by the United States and the European Union. Kazakhstan also received in 1994 a number of nuclear safety guarantees. Kazakhstan is committed to conciliatory functions in world politics, which has become the country's main image in international relations.
Bibliography
1. Bozhko called the problems of the military-industrial complex // //zakon.kz, May 14, 2018 // https://www.zakon.kz/4918074-bozhko-nazval-prob-lemy-otechestvenno go. html
2. Nazarbayev N. А. Industrial-technological development of Kazakhstan for the sake of our future. Speech at the XII extraordinary congress of the NDP "Nur Otan", Astana, May 15, 2009 // http://nurotan.kz.
3. Plotnikov V. A., Kharlamov A. V. The influence of the military-industrial complex on the development of the real sector of economy in conditions of economic sanctions. - SPb .: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance, 2004. - 167 p.
4. The strategic plan for development of the Republic of Kazakhstan until the year 2020// Official website of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan: http://akorda.kz.
Список литературы
1. Божко назвал проблемы оборонно-промышленного комплекса //«zakon.kz», 14 мая 2018// https://www.zakon.kz/4918074-bozhko-nazval-problemy-otechestvennogo. html
2. Назарбаев Н. А. Индустриально-технологическое раз-витие Казахстана ради нашего будущего. Выступление на XII внеочередном съезде НДП «Н^р Отан», г. Астана, 15 мая 2009 года // http://nurotan.kz.
Ештамш / «c@yL®qyiym-j®yrMaL^»#3î27),2©i9
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3. Плотников В. А., Харламов А. В. Военная экономика в системе обеспечения национальной безопасности. - СПб.: Издательство СПбГУЭФ, 2004. - 167 с.
4. Стратегический план развития Республики Казахстан до 2020 года // Официальный сайт Президента Республики Казахстан: http://akorda.kz.
УДК:658.8.012.12
Искандарян Г. О., Волошина И. М., Гильштейн А. С.
Кубанский государственный аграрный университет, г. Краснодар
СПЕЦИФИКА СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ МАЛЫМ И КРУПНЫМ БИЗНЕСОМ.
Iskandaryan G.O., Voloshina I. M., Gilstein A. C.
Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar THE SPECIFICITY OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT TO SMALL AND LARGE BUSINESSES.
Аннотация:
Субъекты малого и крупного бизнеса подвержены влиянию многих факторов внешней среды, но имеют разные возможности для развития, что влияет на поведение руководителей при разработке стратегии организации. Целью данной статьи является сравнение подходов к обеспечению развития малого и крупного бизнеса на основе анализа стратегического управления. Теоретико - методологической основой данной публикации стали фундаментальные работы и практические исследования отечественных и зарубежных ученых в области менеджмента, теории организации и стратегического менеджмента. Рассматривается: методологическая основа, принципы системного анализа, дедукции и индукции, абстрактно-логический и аналитический подходы. Сформулированные положения актуальны при разработке стратегии развития компании.
Abstract:
Subjects of small and large businesses are subject to the influence of many environmental factors, but they have different opportunities for development, which affects the behavior of managers in the development of an organization's strategy. The purpose of the article is to compare the approaches to ensuring the development of small and large business based on an analysis of strategic management. The theoretical and methodological basis of this publication was the fundamental works and practical research of domestic andforeign scientists in the field of management, organization theory, and strategic management. Methodological basis, principles of ssystem analysis, deduction and induction, abstract-logical and analytical approaches are considered. The formulated provisions are relevant in the development of a company development strategy.
Ключевые слова: стратегическое управление, малый и крупный бизнес, стратегия, конкуренция. Keywords: Strategic management, small and large business, strategy, competition.
Compared to small business, large business has much more tools for achieving goals and realizing interests, which is reflected in goal-setting and the strategic management process. Large Russian companies in the period of market reform developed in two directions.
First, this happened through market-oriented restructuring of former socialist enterprises, mainly due to the redistribution of property and control. As a result, the main form of organization of large Russian business has become integrated business groups that have been formed due to new vertical integration. Secondly, the reorganization of the real sector of the economy took place in the new conditions.
In the modern world, no organization can develop outside the market economy. The sustainability of an organization is determined not only by its position in global markets, but also by the place that a manufacturer occupies in global value chains, represented by interrelated stages of the technological cycle. The cycle
implies from the development of the idea of a new product to the stage of realization to the end user.
Strategic management includes the development of idealized socio-economic and organizational situations, evaluation criteria, and mechanisms for subordinating production to market and consumption requirements, and ways to meet market demand. The process of creating a business idea consists of the following steps.
At the first stage, the manager assesses the current situation of the organization, creates a mission, goal, and strategy. At the second stage - analyzes the internal and external environment, namely the key parameters of success such as factors that contribute to the effective development of the organization [1, p. 60].
Every organization is an open system. The main conditions for the success of its activities are not inside it, but outside. As economic activity directly depends on how well it adapts to the external environment: economic, scientific, technical, social, political.
