14ISSN: 2181-1385
Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,12 | ASI-Factor: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,7 | UIF: 6,1
O'ZBEK-INGLIZ PAREMALAR PARALLEL KORPUSLARI SEMANTIK TEGLARINI YARATISHDA SEMANTIK IZOH BERISH MUAMMOLARI
Ushbu maqola o'zbek-ingliz paremallar parallel korpuslari semantik teglarini yaratishda semantik izoh berish muammolariga bag'ishlanga. O'zbek va ingliz tillarida paremalarning semantik teglashga doir namunalar tahlil qilingan. Maqola tarjima nazariyasi va amaliyoti hamda parallel korpus sohasida ish olib borayotgan yosh mutaxassislar uchun material bo'lib xizmat qiladi.
Kalit so'zlar: parema, maqol, korpus, parallel korpus, semantik teglash, semantik izohlash, sinonim.
This article is devoted to the problems of semantic interpretation in the creation of semantic tags of Uzbek-English paremias parallel corpora. Samples of semantic tagging of paremias in Uzbek and English languages were analyzed. This article could be used as a material for young specialists in the field of the theory and practice of translation and parallel corpora.
Keywords: parema, proverb, corpus, parallel corpus, semantic tagging, semantic interpretation, synonym.
Bugungi globallashuv asrida jamiyatning barcha sohalari kabi tilshunoslik ham zamonaviy kompiyuter texnologiyalari va internet tarmoqlari bilan integrallashib bormoqda. Hozirgi kunda til materiallarini topish, ularni o'rganish va tadqiqot olib borish jarayonini elektronlashtirish bugungi kun tilshunosligining dolzarb vazifasidir. Bu vazifani o'tgan asrning 60-yillari boshlarda AQSHda asos solingan korpus tilshunosligi amalga oshirmoqda. Korpus - kompyuterning malumotlar bazasida saqlanuvchi ogzaki va yozma matnlar majmui. Korpusda yigilgan materiallarning aniq yozilgan vaqti, qaysi uslubga mansubligi, qaysi manbaga tegishliligi ham batafsil yoritilgan boTadi. Korpusning bu imkoniyatlari undan keng hajmda va samarali foydalanish imkonini beradi. Bugungi kunda dunyoning ko'plab tillari o'z korpusiga ega. Mamlakatimizda ham O'zbek tili milliy korpusi va uning asosida
Husniddin Bahritdinovich Ruziyev
Termiz davlat universiteti o'qituvchisi ruzievx@tersu.uz
ANNOTATSIYA
ABSTRACT
KIRISH
korpusning boshqa turlarini yaratish ishlari jadal olib borilmoqda.
November, 2022
ISSN: 2181-1385
Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,12 | ASI-Factor: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,7 | UIF: 6,1
Korpus materialining necha tilda berilishiga ko'ra uning bir va ko'p tilli turlari mavjud. Bir tili korpuslarda mavjud til materiallari faqat bir til doirasida bo'ladi. Ko'p tilli korpuslar, odatda, tarjimonlar tomonidan foydalaniladi. Ko'p tilli korpusning yana bir ko'rinishi original matn va tarjima matndan iborat bo'ladi. Korpusning ushbu turi qiyosiy chog'ishtirma tadqiqot olib borishda, tarjima nazariyasi hamda kompyuter tarjimasini o'rganishda juda muhim manba bo'lib xizmat qiladi. Ko'p tilli korpusning 2 turi mavjud:
1) bir-birining tarjimasi bo'lgan matnli korpus;
2) bir mavzuga oid ikki tildagi matnli korpus.
Birinchi turdagi korpus parallel matnlar korpusidir. Parallel korpus bu - tarjima qilingan matnlar juftligidir. Ikkinchi xildagi korpus —tarjima korpusill (translation corpora) deb atalib, ayni bir fikrning turli tildagi ifodasini o'rganish uchun muhimdir. Bir va ikki tilli korpuslarda semantik teglash muhim vazifa hisoblanadi.
ADABIYOTLAR TAHLILI VA METODOLOGIYASI
Semantik teglash -semantika uchun yagona semantik nazariya mavjud bo'lmasada, ko'pincha semantik teglar ma'lum bir so'z yoki ibora tegishli bo'lgan semantik kategoriyalarni va uning ma'nosini aniqlaydigan torroq pastki kategoriyalarni bildiradi. Leksik birliklardan murakkabroq bo'lgan paremalar xususan maqollarni semantik teglash ancha mashaqqatli jarayondir. Tilimizning ziynati, pand-nasihat, donishmandlikni o'zida aks ettirigan xalq maqollari tugal fikrni bildirgan gap shaklda bo'ladi. O'zbek-ingliz paremalar korpusida maqollarni semantik teglash ikki tilga oid maqollarni ma'lum mavuzlarga biriktiradi, Buning natijasida, foydalanuvchi ma'lum mavzuga oid maqollarni oson topib oladi, tarjimonlar ham maqollar tarjimasini tezda topishga va ulardan samarali foydalanish imkoniga ega bo'ladi. Semantik teglashni quyida batafsil tushuntirib o'tamiz.
O'zbek-ingliz paremalar korpusida maqollarni semantik teglash tizimini ishlab chiqishda quydagi manbalardan foydalanamiz:
• O'zbek xalq maqollari lug' ati ;
• O'zbek maqollarining izohli lug'ati;
• O'zbek badiiy asarlari;
• Oksford maqollarning qisqacha lug'ati;
• Oksford maqollar lug' ati;
• Ingliz badiiy asarlari.
Quyida O'zbek maqollarining o'zbek va ingliz tillarida semantik teglashda semantik izoh berish namunasi ko'rsatilgan.
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Academic Research in Educational Sciences Volume 3 | Issue 11 | 2022
ISSN: 2181-1385_Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,12 | ASI-Factor: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,7 | UIF: 6,1
№
O'zbek tili
Ingliz tili
Pes-pesni qorong'ida topar- Pes bu yerda yomon odam ma'nosida ishlatilgan. Bunday odamlar odatda o'zlarining yaramas ishlarini odamlardan bekitib, tunda, ovloq joyda amalga oshiradi.
Misol — Bittasi toshkandlik Yusufbek hojining o'g'li — Otabek. Qo'rboshi yozdi:— Ha-ha! Hali Yusufbek hojining o'g'li degin. Bizning Marg'ilonni ham qong'a botirmoqchi ekan-da, muttahamlar, ikkinchisi?
— Shu kunlarda Otabekka qizini bergan marg'ilonlik Mirzakarim.
— Pes-pesni qorong'ida topqan ekan, uchinchisi?
— Otabekning quli — Hasanali. (Qodiriy O'tkan kunlar 66-bet )
Sin.Ko'r ko'rmi qorong'ida topar.
~pes-yaramas, moxov odam. Pes-pesni qorong'ida topar. ( O'zbek xalq maqoli)
~topmoq II-nogahon ko'zi tushib qo'lga
kiritmoq, topib olmoq, uchratmoq.
-Ana, topishib, ham ketdi!-dedi Xadichaxon
ichkaridan. -" Pes-pes bilan..... qorong'uda
" dedi- Poshshaxon.
~qorong'u I- qorong'ulik bosgan, qorong'ulikka cho'mgan, ziyodan, nurdan mahrum bo'lgan.
Omadini qarang, u ko'chadagilarga ham kerak ekan, u kabi bola kam emas ekan. Pes pesni qorong'ida topganiday, ko'chabezorilar bir-birlari bilan tez topishar ekan.
Even in the darkness a wretch will find his own kind - wretch is used here in the sense of a bad person. Such people usually hide their evil deeds from others and carry out their evil intentions at night and in deserted places.
Example- One of them is Atabek from Tashkent, son of Yusufbck-hadji.' "Aha' muttered Kurbashi as he wrote. " The son of Yusufbck-hadji, you say! What a scoundrel! They want to drown our Margilan in blood, too! And who is the second?" "Mirzakarim. from Margilan. He married his daughter to Atabek but a few days ago."
"Even in the darkness a wretch will find his own kind. Who else?" "Atabek's slave, Khasanali." "The days gone by" by Abdulla Kodiriy p 66
Syn. The blind leading the blind.
~ wretch - a wicked, leprous man.
Even in the darkness a wretch will find
his own kind.
(Uzbek folk proverb)
~find II- catch a glimpse, to meet.
"Well, he found it and left!" Khadicha
Khan said from inside. " Even in the
darkness a wretch will find his own
kind," Poshshakhan said.
~dark I- covered in darkness, immersed
in darkness, deprived of light.
Look at his luck, he is needed by the
street people, there are not many
children like him. Even in the darkness
a wretch will find his own kind as street
hooligans find each other quickly.
Quyida Ingliz maqollarining ingliz va o'zbek tillarida semantik teglashda semantik izoh berish namunasi ko'rsatilgan.
November, 2022
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Academic Research in Educational Sciences
ISSN: 2181-1385_Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,12
Volume 3 | Issue 11 | 2022 ASI-Factor: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,7 | UIF: 6,1
№
Ingliz tili
O'zbek tili
Caesar's wife should be above suspicion- People who are associated with public figures should avoid doing anything that has a negative impact on that public figure. This expression came from the story about Julius Caesar and his wife, Pompeia. A young man named Publius Clodius Pulcher sneaked into Pompeia's party for the purpose of seducing her. This led to Publius's arrest and trial. After the trial, Caesar divorced Pompeia. When people questioned if this might have had anything to do with the trial of Publius, Caesar said: "My wife ought not even to be under suspicion." Because Pompeia was suspected of having an extramarital affair, Caesar felt that he had to divorce her to protect his dignity. Richmond was one of my officers. I sent him on a reconnaissance. He was killed. Natural course of events
in war time. Wish to say resent very much - slur on my wife. Best woman in the world. Absolutely -Caesar's wife! "
(Christie) And then there were none p 50
Syn. The Commissioner must be above suspicion
like Caesar.
~ Caesar- the Roman emperor and general Julius Caesar. You are impertinent, madam. Lady (humbly). 1 beg your pardon, Caesar's wife is above suspicion (B. Shaw)
~ wife- a female partner in a marriage. Only about Edward ! " Poirot said : "The one includes the other. Remember, Madame, you are Caesar's wife." ( Christie)
~ suspicion - a feeling that someone has done something wrong. "I don't think so. The mother, Mrs. Judd, hinted something about a police constable, but that didn't surprise me. Those village Caesars are by no means above suspicion. He won't lose his job . " (Aldington)
Sezarning xotini shubhadan holi bo'lishi-shart ( ekvivalenti: Xotin er orqasidan — xotin, Xonim xon orqasidan — xonim.)-Jamoat arboblari bilan aloqada bo'lgan odamlar ushbu jamoat arbobiga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatadigan har qanday harakat qilishdan qochishlari kerak. Bu maqol Yuliy Sezar va uning rafiqasi Pompey haqidagi hikoyadan kelib chiqqan. Publius Klodius Pulcher ismli yigit Pompeyani vasvasaga solish maqsadida uning ziyofatiga yashirincha kirdi. Bu Publiusning hibsga olinishi va sudlanishiga olib keldi. Suddan keyin Sezar Pompey bilan ajrashdi. Odamlar buning Publiyning sudiga aloqasi bormi degan savolga Sezar shunday dedi:
"Mening xotinim shubha ostida bo'lmasligi kerak." Pompeyda nikohdan tashqari munosabatlarda gumon qilinganligi sababli, Sezar o'z qadr-qimmatini himoya qilish uchun u bilan ajrashishi kerakligini his qildi. Richmond mening polkimda zobit edi. Uni razvedkaga jo 'natdim. U halok bo 'ldi. Urush shunaqa o 'zi, har qadamda kimdir o 'ladi. Lekin rafiqamni isnodga qoldirmoqchi bo 'lishganidan tutaqib ketayapman. Qanday pokdomon ayol edi-ya. Bir so 'z bilan aytganda, Sezarning rafiqasi.... Kristi O'nta negr bolasi 50-bet Sin. Komissar ham Sezar kabi shubhadan ustun bo'lishi kerak
~ Sezar-Rim imperatori va generali Yuliy Sezar. Siz shafqatsizsiz, xonim. Xonim (kamtarlik bilan). Kechirasiz, Sezarning xotini shubhadan holi bo'lishi- shart (B. Shou) ~ xotin- nikohdagi ayol sherigi. Faqat Edvard haqida! — dedi Puaro: — bittasi o 'z ichiga oladi
boshqa. Esingizda bo'lsin, xonim, siz Sezarning xotinisiz. " (Kristi) ~ shubha -kimdir noto'g'ri ish qilganini his qilish.
"Menimcha, shunday deb o'ylamayman. Ona, missis Judd, politsiya konstebliga ishora qildi, lekin bu meni ajablantirmadi. Bu qishloqqa Sezarlar hech qanday shubha tug'dirmaydi. Hech kim ishiniyo'qotmaydi". (Oldington))
Semantik teglashda maqollarning semantik izohini berish bilan birga, ularning sinonimlari, maqol tarkibidagi va unga yaqin
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ISSN: 2181-1385
Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,12 | ASI-Factor: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,7 | UIF: 6,1
ma'noli so'zlar izohi hamda misollari ikki til o'zbek va ingliz tillarida berilgan. Semantik teglarda maqollarga semantik izoh berishda o'zbek va ingliz xalqlariga xos maqollar asos qilib olingan.
XULOSA
O'zbek-ingliz paremalar parallel korpuslarida maqollarni semantik teglash tizimini ishlab chiqishda quydagi muammolarga duch kelamiz:
> maqollar leksik birliklarga qaraganda murakkab komponent;
> maqollar o'zida har bir millatga xos madaniy xususiyatlarni aks ettirishi:
> ikki tilli parallel korpuslarda maqollarni bir tildan ikkinchi tilga tarjima qilish muammolari.
Xulosa shuki, o'zbek-ingliz paremalar parallel korpuslarida maqollarni semantik teglashda semantik izohlash orqali ularni mavzular asosida oson topib olish mumkin, foydalanuvchi har bir tilga xos maqollarni sinonimlarini topishi, tarjimonlar mavzular asosida maqollarni tarjima variantlaridan asl tarjima materiallarni ikkinchi tilga tarjima qilishida foydalanish imkoniga ega bo'ladi.
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XULOSA
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Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,12 | ASI-Factor: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,7 | UIF: 6,1
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