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Раздел 5. Кино-, теле- и другие экранные искусства Section 5. Film, TV and other screen arts
UDC 7.072.2 DOI: 10.29013/EJA-22-1-42-48
M. MIRZAMIKHAMEDOVA 1
1 Institute of Fine art of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
NEW CINEMATOGRAPHY OF NEW UZBEKISTAN (FULL-LENGTH ANIMATION FROM A ONE-PIECE PUPPET MOVIE UNTIL THE MOVIE)
Abstract
Objectives: to reveal the rise of the art of animation in Uzbekistan to a new level through the study of the first large-scale folk epic - "Alpomysh" based on the epic "Alpomysh" and the first full-length animated film "Hero of the Sun Land" based on folklore motives.
Methods: comparison, generalization, comparison, observation, analogy, analysis and historical method.
Results: Analysis of the multi-part animated film "Alpomysh" and the full-length animated film "Hero of the Land of the Sun" - in this area, the appeal to a wide range of literary monuments, folk epics, poetic works based on folklore motives turned out to be positive. These films enriched Uzbek animation with new artistic means, expanded its themes, genres, stylistic boundaries, laid the foundation for new experiments and research. The transition from one-piece films to serial cartoons made it possible to widely highlight the interpretation of national heroes, the heroic past of the people, the artistic level of centuries-old cultural values, poetic sophistication and noble ideas. At the same time, the fact that the script of the full-length cartoon is not sufficiently developed, and its shortcomings are also present in the film, raises the question of preparing scriptwriters for the industry. It was also noted that the introduction of a computer system in Uzbek animation and the use of 2D, 3D technologies to create animated films, the need to train highly qualified, qualified creative and technical personnel.
Scientific novelty: for the first time in Uzbek animation, the analysis of the multi-part film "Alpomish" based on folk epic and the first feature film "Hero of the Sun Land" based on folklore enriches the science of cinematography. with scientific news. It was revealed that new trends, directions and traditions are emerging in this area.
Practical significance: This study of the advantages and disadvantages ofthe full-length animated films "Hero of the Sun Land" and the serial animated film "Alpomish", created as an experiment, is ofpractical importance for artists such as screenwriters, directors, artists and animators. The creative experience gained in making a wide range of animated films has set the stage for new research. At the same time, in search of a literary source for an animated work, the importance of referring to timeless themes, vivid images, metaphors and poetic works, rich in symbolism, has been proved.
Keywords: cartoon, animation, epopee, metaphor, screenwriter, fiction.
For citation: M. Mirzamikhamedova. New Cinematography of New Uzbekistan (Full-Length Animation from a one-piece Puppet Movie Until the Movie) // European Journal ofArts, 2022, №1 - С. 42-48. DOI: https://doi. org/10.29013/EJA-22-1-42-48
Section 5. Film, TV and other screen arts - European Journal of Arts 1 (2022) - ISSN 2310-5666 -
Introduction
For half a century of Uzbek animation, he mastered such techniques as puppetry, drawing, crossword, plasticine animation and went through the stages of development. The combination of these techniques has led to the fact that Uzbek animations during the years of independence of Uzbekistan have focused on a wide range of topics. marked the beginning of the transition to computer technology. For the first time in the history of Uzbek animation, a large-scale work of folk art was shown, the first full-length animated film was released on the screens.
The epic "Alpomysh" is a national cultural heritage created by our ancestors in the past and has come down to us, and its main character is a generalized image. On the basis of this epic, in 1999-2002, at Multilashma, under the auspices of the Uzbekfilm film studio, a 6-episode animated epic film was created, which tells about love for the Motherland, devotion to the people, unity and solidarity, devotion and pure love.
The action takes place in a conventional world, in the genre of a fairy tale, rich in fiction, miracles and poetic texture. The full-length animated film "Hero of the Sun Land" was filmed in 2014-2017, it is about the victory of light over light over darkness, over the victory of good over evil.
Materials, methods and discussion
In the years of Independence, the introduction of computer systems and new technologies into our lives has created convenience in creating multiplicative films. Now, taking into account the unlimited possibilities of the art of animation and its importance in the formation of aesthetic tastes of the younger generation, in spiritual education, the "union" was transformed into an independent State Unitary Enterprise "Studio of animation films" by the decree of the president of Uzbekistan on December 29, 2017.
While there is a rich literary heritage of the Uzbek people, the oral creativity of the people, folk works that have been perfected, passed on from generation to generation over the years, centuries, "Bor ekan-u yo'q ekan, och ekan-u to'q ekan, bo'ri bakovul ekan, tulki yasovul ekan..." in ancient times...beginning as a series of fairy tales in which the event takes place in a conditional environment has been the basis of our animation films.
One of the first Uzbek animation films "Magic Crate" (1966 y.) the most popular among our people was created on the basis of the fairy tale "Emerald and expensive", which is still considered the best puppet film by its nationality, the perfection of the means ofvisual expression.
If we look at the evolution of Uzbek animation, we can be sure that it has passed a number of technological stages in its development, from one-part films to the creation of several-part and full-length film works. Two-part "Tomaris" (screenwriter and director S. Muradk-hodzhayeva, 2002), 6 part "Alpomish" (screenwriter and director N. Tolakhodzhayev, 1999-2002), full-length "Hero of the land of the Sun" (the author of the scenario I. Shamuradov, directors M. Makhmudov, N. Tolakhod-jayev, D. Vlasov, 2014-2017).
In connection with the 1000 th anniversary of the creation of the epic "Alpomish", which was embodied in the experience of our ancestors, the history of the nation, the wisdom of the people in the years of independence, for the first time in the history of the Uzbek animation, the studio "Uzbekfilm" created 6 - part animated films "Hero of the land of the Sun". This research is about this.
For the first time the great literary monument of the oral creativity of the people reached us in the art of Uzbek animation "Alpomish" was struck with a blow to the epic, which tells about the fate of the people, love for the motherland, loyalty to the land, unity and solidarity, loyalty and pure love, "revived" in the "language" of the large-scale, deeply.
Folk art, first of all, is the art of traditionalism, adapting it to the times, the period of creative development is a requirement. This theme is also the most acute and vital subject of the spiritual perfection of man today, while on the basis of tradition lies concepts embodied in spirituality, morality of our people. "Perfection is labor", Paul Valery, a French writer who did not say in vain [1, P. 148]. It is inevitable that the literary monument "alive", created in the past and now on the screen of animation, will serve the spirituality of the epic "Alpomish" to this day, the XXI century generation.
In folk art, the concepts that are universal are expressed in a simple, understandable and quickly assimilated way. Therefore, interest in folk Works has never been extinguished. Although in epic works about the fate of the people, about the historical process, the stages of the spiritual, aesthetic life of ancient peoples are described, the Real reality is given exactly over and over again, ideally.
"Epic history does not exactly return Real history in a certain sense, the reindeer corrects its imperfection and puts reason to it. The folklore researcher B. Putilov, who wrote that" it opposes Salvation - vitality, oppression, freedom-destruction, liberation-people's lawlessness, will and decisive power [2, P. 231].
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"Alpomish" is a multi-layered and large-scale poetic epic. With the preservation of the Soul of The Epic in the animated film 'Alpomish", dramatism and konflikt are sharpened and, according to the specific laws of the art of multiplication, it is compressed. As a result, personages such as Alpomish's sister swallow - bear, Kalmyk bahadiri Karajan, the enemy of Alpomish Kalmyk Akkaldash Batir and the events associated with them are reduced, and a magical, miraculous state and deep dramatism are given place.
Negative perceptions such as cunning Surkhail old woman and her devsifat seven sons, Kalmyk Khan Toy-chon, corresponding to the spirit of the Epic are included in the animation film "Alpomish". The Konflikt is sharpened, dramatism is pronounced. Through the in-place use ofspecific visual expression tools of multiplication, such as grotesque, metaphor, exaggeration, the idea based on the film is shown deeper, holding the attention of the viewer.
Showing and "animating" the epos in the big volume in the style of the specific expression of animation, artistic visual images, dynamic movement is complex in reality. The multiplier artist should know the events of history and the past, social relations in society, national clothes characteristic of his time, folk destiny according to his own imagination and trust the viewer in the created visual world, the actions and feelings of the personages.
"The multiplier profession is more like an acting profession", said the famous multiplier-artist and director F. Xitruk. The difference is that the multiplier plays all the roles in a row, "animating" the heroes, making them act correctly, speaking, feeling and emotion, and becomes an invisible, miraculous, capable actor of "animating" [3, P. 86]. ("Iskusstvo movie", j., 1969, No. 6, str. 86).
To the animated epos film "Alpomish" is introduced the image of an epic that connects the past with the present, that is, the commentator, explaining what happened on the screen. An angel with a luminous image, flying from the sky Falcon on two wings, clicks the torini in his hand, begins a fairy-tale story from the past of the Boysun, the courage of tribulation and Alpomish on the head of the people, true love, and leads the move ment throughout the whole plot.
Animation film "Alpomish" the children of the King Boybokri and Khan Boysari in connection with the fact that Hakimbek and Aybarchin were seven years old, pahlavons quarrels, shots that began with sincere humor and laughter, exchange with unexpected events. Rustamu shares the illusion that the grotesque pahlavons, unable to lift the bow of the saga, played in the hands of the in-
credible power of the young Hakimbek - a bow several times larger in itself, hit the bow in the goal and earned the name Alpomish. The dispute between the two Agha-iin of Ta'was that occurred because of zakot will replace the joy with envy, wisdom with anger, bitterness and impudence. The Khon Boysari khasism is portrayed in strong shots, apparently self-centered, but with internal dynamism, how Boysun brought grief and talophot to his hand.
The horse whistle in the animated movie "Alpomish" corresponds to the spirit of the toy saga, it is an artistic texture of the author. This detail appears at the beginning of the film as a gift from Hakimbek to Aybarch in the disputes of junket and bots, given that the heroes reach the age of seven. Then it turns out that in the third part of the film, xon Boysari appeared in the Chilbir desert, where he made a landing with his elate. In accordance with the laws of the art of animation, this magical whistle becomes a flying amulet with the addition of a toy and actively participates in subsequent dramatic events. It can be called a metaphorical image of the legendary horse of the Alps Boychibor. This add-on flying tulpor in this animasion film, six months of flying the road in one zone, connecting Aybarch with the Alpomish, cunning Surkhail maston and his dev quality sons, Toychon navkarlarini overcome, elni in defense of the evil Alpine, bahodiri Assistant, is interpreted as a base.
The multi-part film experience created on the basis of the epic in the Uzbek animated cinema showed that these possibilities of art are unlimited, large-scale, deep-minded, poetic works with bright images, rich in metaphors and symbolism can be the basis of multiplicative films.
The ideal images created in the great work ofthe Uzbek people's oral creativity - our national heroes such as brave and proud Aybarchin, loyal to his love, intelligent, unable to remain men in the struggle for power, and Alpomish, who showed courage in the defense ofhis nation and lover and united the Uzbek nation, are an example for today's younger generation. Now this great literary monument has been restored in the art of Uzbek animation and will reach the next generations, preserving its national identity.
The epic "Alpomish" was successfully screened in the art of animation, the experience gained in this area and the convenience of new technologies inspired Uzbek animators to move to a new level. The first full-length animated film "Hero the land of the sun" was shot in 2014 year.
Animation is an art that requires hard work, continuous training and creative research from creators. If it takes 7-8 months to create a 10-minute cartoon, then
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this full-length animasion film will take more than three years (2014-2017 y.) created in time.
This film in the genre of fairy tales, where the event takes place in a conditional world, rich in fiction, miracle and poetic texture, about the victory of light and light over darkness, over goodness over evil, over goodness over evil. It is known that in a deeper understanding of the most pressing problems of our time, in finding its solution, the writers turned to the oral creativity of the people. In this film, too, the traditional theme of finding a stable of truth and justice in a world never obsolete by the genre of fairy tales is conveyed to the audience with a philosophical generalization in the language of animation.
This film, in the style of parable and symbolic storytelling, with the idea of the subject and its expression in the series of images, raises the question whether today's intensive, fast-paced life and XXI centuryualual can meet the demands of the younger generation.
Eternal for each period, at the same time constantly approaching the real life of the modern subject, the period, if a new interpretation is made from the point of view of this day, it becomes understandable and attracts attention. Even in the fairy tale film "pahlavoni the land of the sun", the director multipliers tried to convey to the viewer the ideas ofhis goal through the endless possibilities of this genre and the art of animation. The event, as we said above, takes place in two spaces - underground, above the Earth, in the kingdom of light and darkness, in Real life and in a fantastic environment, in its image comes across modern details and characters, as well as in the character of personages, manners, behavior, if the characters of the present generation are visible, the film "Hero of the land of the sun".
Full-length animation film directors of "Hero of the land of the sun". are Nozim Tulakhojaev, who brought the art of Uzbek animation to the world level, Makhmudov and Dmitri Vlasov, who are equally creative for large and small viewers and won high Awards at International Film Festivals. Each creator's own unique style is focused on the main purpose of the film, while goh fills each other in a system of intense, goh quiet, goh fantastic events, the different style in the film is significantly different.
In this film, The Underground-yu, the terrestrial world - each of the two spaces has its own image of two different individual color paints. The kingdom of underground darkness, where there is no trace of living nature, is devoid of warm colors, gloomy, black hues, and three days are less than five hundred years of magic, cor-
responding to the inner state of the witch who reigned over people and spent the last day. She has magicfully rejuvenated the wrinkled face of the zahil colortirib, the beautiful girl who has been abducted is intending to continue to do evil to people by entering into the Power "account" of the eyeball of the Crescent. The appearance of Walt Disney's "White and seven gnom" multiplika-sion in the movie The Queen reminds the witch that in the grand plan this personage with skeletal-like fingers, spear-pointed nails, a flash of grass when depsinized with a magic Crucible, a terrible sound when desperately yelling at desperation, the earthquake of the kingdom is truly terrifying. Who and what hero overcame it.
The terrestrial world is a bright, luminous, Real world of reality, a space that is inextricably linked with Living Nature - described in green, blue, yellow and red colors, evokes a poetic emotion in the viewer. Both sides of the border of the two worlds are in contrast color. This film shows that the color dramaturgy is also loaded with specific content, meaning.
In the film there are all the attributes offairy tales: animals and poultry enter the language and speak like people, the mythological personage is materialized, and fantasy is given a wide place. The use of folk Proverbs, matals and riddles, as well as modern words, phrases in the fairy-tale shell, brings this fairy-tale film closer to our present day.
A fairy tale film, as we said above, is in harmony with the problems of the period, in which the character familiar to today's generation, if the situation is noticeable, the subject and the details are met, it will be of interest to the viewer. In this film, it was modernized that the beautiful girl Oypari was an athlete with the image of a daring character and fistful wrists, who was not as capricious and crying as she thought, but was not afraid of anything.
While this fairy-tale film plot continues in several directions, the picture drama of the events also deepens, and the struggle between the two forces, namely The Witch and the dwarf polvon, who came to the rescue of the crescent moon, becomes increasingly tense. The authors emphasize the overcoming of spirituality, common sense, knowledge and dexterity in this conflict. In the film, two independent spaces - the Real environment and the acting, which give impetus to what happened in the conditional fairy-tale world, connecting them with each other and sympathizing with the mediator, the positive hero, the auxiliary personage is the little bird chitta. Emphasizing the richness of the national language of
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akter Obid Asomov, who gave him his voice, people's expressions, words and dialogues, pronounced in different tones and pronunciation, with borttirib and yumor, equate this personage with the image of a full-fledged hero.He will put an end to such negative situations as injustice, injustice, oppression in the rule of darkness and bring the events of the two worlds into action in the fight against it. But on the account of the Uzbeks, the evil witch, who entered into power and aspired to eternal rule over people, was strong in her own magic. The stronger the evil, the more convincing should be the heroism of the personaj, who is fighting against it. Looking at this aspect of the scenario, the fact that it's not ripe enough for a full - length animation film has made the flaws in it to occur in the film as well. "One of the directors of the full-length cartoon" "pahlavoni of the land of the sun" Konyur Makhmudov also says that "frankly, we took the scenario in a hurry".
However, it is known to all that the main achievement of the film is its connection with the scenario. Cartoon scenario ("Hero of the land of the Sun" - M.M.) while it was not ripened [4, P. 47], admits that ("the art of cinema", j., 2018, target number, 47 b.)
Cartoon dramaturgy is completely different from artistic film dramaturgy and has its own rules of conduct. As soon as you can see the cartoon scenario in fine detail and the picture dynamics, it is necessary to start writing it. The more original the idea of the screenwriter, the richer the imagination, the brighter the images, the more it is possible to search for on-screen visual tools. The idea of deep meaning is conveyed to the audience in the form of multiplicative images and images in a laconic, holistic and clearly thoughtful form. So the scenario is the basis of the cartoon, its foundation. "When I read the scenario, I also look at one and his visual appearance. Dynamics, the voting process, how heroes will be formed in my imagination. I take into account as a specialist how well the personnel are in line with each other", [4, P. 47] says M. Makhmudov in his interview (There, 47 b.)
When we come to the animated movie "Hero the land of the Sun", The Beautiful Girl Moon is emotional, human. Tears shed not from his fear, but from feelings of pity for innocent people who turned into stones, tilla begins to fill the pores, The Witch begins to rejuvenate... At this moment, nohot polvon "I'm here," he jumps out of the rocks, but the situation becomes more difficult, falling from the magical artifact full of his neck, which donated a black crow to his knowledge
evazi... Then the smallest bird - chittak dwarf comes to the aid of the hero.
In fairy tales, jussasi small personajes overcame from themselves several times a large and powerful enemy. Such fairy-tale traditions have a worthy place in the history ofUz-bek multiplication "Do not say little to US" (screenwriter and director q. Kamolova, 1972) can be seen in the movie doll. Such a tradition was continued in the full-length animated film "Hero of the land of the sun". In the struggle for truth and justice, in the triumph of the mischievous dwarf hero, in the triumph of light over darkness, in the triumph ofgoodness over evil, as we said above, the bird that helped the main hero, as well as guarding the boundaries ofthe two spaces, it is possible to remember the ko'zoynakly Black Crow and Tortoise personages and the.
However, this full-length animated film is called "the pahlavoni ofthe land ofThe Sun", although the protagonist dwarf Hero appears on the screen only late. Nevertheless, the cadres of the struggle between the two forces with the participation of the dwarf hero can be called the culmination point of the film. The whirlpool of intense, miraculous events, reflected in the series of images, excites the viewer. But in the film sometimes there is a discrepancy between the image and the words and dialogues.
"Hero of the land of the sun" is the first large-scale animated film aimed at all viewers. Ishlangan as an experiment, it is natural to have shortcomings in the first full-length animasion film. About the fact that the director from this film is a multiplier and the artist Tema Makhmudov himself is not disappointed: "This kartina was an experiment, a test for us. As a matter of fact, we are not yet ready for full-length cartoons", he says in his interview [4, P. 46] (There, 46 b).
The lack of professionals in this field makes it difficult for directors and artists alike. The issue of the formation of unique professions has now become a more acute and serious issue at the time when Multiunity became a separate State Unitary Enterprise. It takes years of creativity to practice and research. In this field, he created a series of animated films such as "Toptijka", "Boniface kanikuli" F. It is known that khitruk 25 years worked as a multiplier artist, gained experience, and then went to independent creation. This - shows that high skills can be achieved by constant training, experience, work on their own, research.
Animation is an art that requires extreme sharpened talent, patience and extreme responsibility, in which
the creative feeling is the primary. Although the word is
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expressed only through the image and inextricably linked with the technique, the penetration of computers and new technologies into this area is facilitated by the work of artists, the idea of creativity, emotion play a key role in the film yaat. About the fact that multiplication is a rare art, in which a huge spiritual wealth is hidden, the famous director is the multiplier yu. Norshteyn "Picture creates a miracle" [5, No. 43] ("Ogonyok", j. In 1988, No. 43), F. While the citrate ... "the transformation of a still image into a dynamic moving image is a strange phenomenon that fascinates the viewer, the phenomenon of multiplication", [6, P. 42] ("Iskusstvo film", j., 1982. No. 5, str. 42) they were right when they said.
We hope that such full-length animated films as "Hero the land of the sun" will continue to be shot in Uzbekistan.
In the world, this rare art grew up and became interested in its endless possibilities, at the time when great responsibility was laid on the part of the creators, the question arises whether the cartoons they created and create will reach the audience in time, without delay. It is a pity that artistic and animational films created for the younger generation, that is, there is no cinema where today's art is shown, National cartoons are rarely shown on television. At a time when enough animasion films are currently being filmed by public and private studios for young viewers, they have to worry about their show. It should not be forgotten that this art, which is far from being a band - reminder, impressive only by the dynamics of the image, can not be overemphasized in bringing our national traditions up to date, in line with the requirements of the new generation, and their importance in the cultivation of taste and culture.
Research results
The study of serial animated films "Alpomish" and full-length "Hero of the Sun Land" showed that Uzbek animation is able to express a wide range of works, the
main themes with unique artistic means of art. At the same time, it was revealed that animated drama is lagging behind its capabilities, there are not enough creators who write scripts for animated films. A distinctive feature of the caricature drama is that in it the author's intention, the thought is expressed only in the image, in the means of pictorial expressiveness.
Has been noted that one of the most important tasks of the Uzbek animation cinema is the training of specialists in all areas in accordance with the requirements of modern technologies.
Conclusion
In Uzbekistan, the animation industry originated in the second half of the 20th century. The first puppet cartoon "Square 6 x 6" was filmed in 1965 at the "Multt-sekh" or "Cartoon Workshop", created under the auspices of the film studio "Uzbekfilm". The first animated film, Brave Sparrow, was made in 1969. With the formation of specialists in this field, the "Multtsekh" was transformed in December 1978 into the Association of Puppeteers and Animators.
During the years of independence of Uzbekistan, the introduction of computer systems and new technologies into our lives has facilitated the creation of cartoons. Given the unlimited potential of animation and its role in shaping the aesthetic taste and spiritual education of the younger generation, on December 29, 2017, "MultUnion" was transformed into an independent state unitary enterprise "Studio ofAnimated Films" by the Decree of the President of Uzbekistan.
The generation of the 21st century - the generation of high technologies is isolated from previous generations in terms of worldview, consciousness, perception, thinking, and abilities. Therefore, the role of animation in shaping their aesthetic taste, culture and spirituality is unique. Education gained through learning from an early age lasts a lifetime.
References
1. Paul Valery. "About Art", - Moscow, "Art". 1976.
2. Putilov B. "Methodology of comparative historical study of folklore".- Leningrad. "Art", 1976.- 244 p.
3. Khitruk F. "The Art of Cinema".- No. 6. 1969.
4. Makhmudov M. "Cinema Art".- No. 1. 2018.
5. Norstein Yu. "Ogonyok".- No. 43. 1988.
6. Khitruk F. "The Art of Cinema".- No. 7. 1982.
European Journal of Arts 1 (2022) - PREMIER Section 5. Film, TV and other screen arts
r Publishing - ISSN 2310-5666 -
Information about the author
Makhsura T. Mirzamukhamedova, Candidate of Fine Arts, Senior Scientific Researcher of Cinematographic Art, Television, Institute of Fine art of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Address: 2, Mustakillik str, Yunus-Abad District, 100029, Tashkent, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +998(71) 239-17-71
