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44Новости систематики высших растений Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascutarium
2020
51:118-124
ISSN 0568-5443 (print) ISSN 2687-1564 (onLine)
New alien species of flowering plants to the flora of the Arabian Peninsula
Новые чужеродные виды цветковых растений для флоры Аравийского полуострова
V. V. Byalt1*, M. V. Korshunov2
1 Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Prof. Popova Str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia byalt66@mail.ru, VByalt@binran.ru
2 Wadi Wurayah National Park and Reserve, Government of Fujairah
P.O. Box: 1, UAE mikh.korshunov@gmail.com *Corresponding author
https://doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2020.51.118
В. В. Бялт1*, М. В. Коршунов2
1 Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН
ул. Профессора Попова, 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197376, Россия byalt66@mail.ru, Vbyalt@binran.ru
2 Национальный парк и заповедник Вади Вурая, правительство Фуджейры
P.O. Box: 1, ОАЭ mikh.korshunov@gmail.com *Автор для переписки
Abstract. Seven species of alien flowering plants collected in the Emirate of Fujairah (the UAE) in 2020 are recorded for the first time for the flora of the Arabian Peninsula: Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. (Apiaceae), Asclepias curassavica L. (Asclepia-daceae / Apocynaceae), Croton bonplandianus Baill. (Euphorbiaceae), Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. (Molluginaceae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae), Oxalis debilis subsp. corymbosa (DC.) O. Bolos & Vigo (Oxalidaceae), and Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae).
For all the species, data on their distribution, citations of voucher herbarium specimens, characteristics of their habitats in Fujairah and appropriate notes are given. The herbarium specimens are stored at the Komarov Botanical Institute of RAS (LE) in St. Petersburg, Russia, and the Fujairah Scientific Herbarium (FSH) in the UAE.
Keywords: alien plants, Arabian Peninsula, novel plant records.
Аннотация. Впервые для флоры Аравийского полуострова приводятся семь видов заносных цветковых растений, собранных нами во время флористических исследований в эмирате Фуджейра (Объединенные Арабские Эмираты) в 2020 г. Это Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. (Apiaceae), найденный в г. Аль Дибба; Asclepias curassavica L. (Asclepiadaceae / Apocynaceae) — пос. Аль Бидия; Croton bonplandianus Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) — г. Аль Дибба и пос. Аль Бидия; Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. (Molluginaceae) — пос. Аль Бидия; Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae) — г. Аль Фуджейра, г. Аль Дибба, пос. Аль Бидия; Oxalis debilis subsp. corymbosa (DC.) O. Bolos et Vigo (Oxalidaceae) — Аль Фуджейра и Аль Бидия; Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae) — Аль Дибба. Для всех видов приведены данные об их общем распространении, цитаты этикеток гербарных образцов, характеристика местообитаний в Фуджейре и необходимые примечания. Гербарные образцы хранятся в Ботаническом институте им. В. Л. Комарова РАН (LE) в Санкт-Петербурге и Научном гербарии Фуджейры (FSH) в ОАЭ.
Ключевые слова: чужеродные виды растений, Аравийский полуостров, новые находки.
During the floristic research in the Emirate of Fujairah (the United Arab Emirates), we have made new records of the vascular plant species adding to the genera and species composition of the flora of both the emirate and the Arabian Peninsula in general.
Research objects and methods
The research was carried out in 2017-2020 in the Emirate of Fujairah (the UAE) (Fig.), where many localities were surveyed, both in the wild and in gardens, plant nurseries and villages. Both native and alien (cultivated and adventive) flora was studied. The
Поступила в редакцию | Submitted: 25.09.2020
territory was surveyed using a traditional route method (Shcherbakov, Mayorov, 2006a, b). The routes, places of findings, height above sea level and coordinates were recorded using GPS navigator.
Plants were identified using a number of "Floras", guides and keys for determination, both printed and online (Hutchinson et al., 1954-1958; Jeffrey, 1961; Kabuye, 1971; Tutin et al., 1968, 1972; Launert, 1978; Ali, 1983; Townsend, 1989; Iwatsuki et al., 1993; Orchard, 1994, 1996; Edwards et al., 1995; Jagtap, Singh, 1999; Thulin, 1999; Tzvelev, 2000; Balakrishnan, Chakrabarty, 2007; Plantarium, 2007-2020; eFloras,
Принята к публикации | Accepted: 25.11.2020
Fig. Sites of new plant records in the Emirate of Fujairah (modified from Google Maps).
1 — Asclepias curassavica; 2 — Croton bonplandianus; 3 — Eucalyptus camaldulensis; 4 — Glims oppositifolius; 5 — Hydrocotyle verticillata; 6 — Oxalis debilis subsp. corymbosa; 7 —Tropaeolum majus.
2008-2020; Davidse et al., 2009; Goyder et al., 2012; POWO, 2020).
The above-mentioned and many other sources (Nasir, Ali, 1970-1995; Van Steenis, 1971-1976; Greuter et al., 1984; Brako, Zarucchi, 1993; Hansen, Sunding, 1993; Govaerts, 1995, 1999; Govaerts et al., 2000, 2008; Germishuizen, Meyer, 2003; Newman et al., 2007; Figueiredo, Smith, 2008; Greuter, Raus, 2008, 2010; Dobignard, Chatelain, 2011, 2013; Kral et al., 2011; Acevedo-Rodriguez, Strong, 2012; Allred, 2012; Danihelka et al., 2012; Khodashenas, Amini, 2012; Kuo, 2012; Shou et al., 2012; Dimopoulos et al., 2013; Jorgensen et al., 2013; Chang et al., 2014; Darbyshire et al., 2015; Villasenor, 2016; Zuloaga, Belgrano, 2017; Bernal et al., 2019; Dufour-Dror, Fragman-Sapir, 2019; GBIF Secretariat, 2019; Zhao et al., 2020; Ziller et al., 2020) were used to specify native and introduced distribution ranges of the species.
A substantial body of literature was reviewed to check whether a taxon had been previously reported from Fujairah, the UAE, and the other countries of the
Arabian Peninsula (Collenette, 1985, 1999; Daoud, Al-Rawi, 1985; Phillips, 1988; Cornes, Cornes, 1989; Migahid, 1989; Western, 1989; Gazanfar, 1992; Shuaib, 1995; Wood, 1997; Chaudhary, 1999; Omar, 2000; Jongbloed et al., 2003; Karim, Fawzi, 2007; Norton et al., 2009; Sergeev, 2010-2016).
As a result, about 70-80 new species were discovered for the flora of the Fujairah emirate and the UAE in general. Seven of them were found to represent both genera and species new to the flora of the Arabian Peninsula. These species are all regarded as alien. To determine the status of an alien species, the following traditional criteria were used: a large disjunction of the species finding from its main range, records of its introduction and/or cultivation in a neighboring area, and presence only in disturbed habitats (Egorov et al., 2016; Baranova et al., 2018; Byalt, Korshunov, 2018). The newly recorded species occurred in all kinds of disturbed habitats — on irrigated landscaped islands on road medians, near the fences of irrigated gardens and in plant nurseries, on wastelands and along roadsides.
Below there are data on the alien species of the flowering plants collected in 2020, which proved to be new genera and species to the flora of the Arabian Peninsula.
The species are provided with following information: general distribution and residence status in other parts of the world; data on the herbarium specimens collected in Fujairah emirate (original Russian labels, if available, are translated into English); notes on their occurrence in Fujairah emirate; morphological differences from relative species if appropriate. Voucher specimens are stored in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute of RAS (LE: St. Petersburg, Russia) and in the Scientific Herbarium of Fujairah (FSH: Wadi Wuraya National Park, UAE).
The names of the taxa and the abbreviations of author names follow the nomenclatural database "International Plant Name Index" (IPNI, 2020). The main abbreviations used in the label citations: fl. — flowering (Latin: florifer), fr. — fruiting (Latin: fructifer), veg. — vegetative (Latin: vegetativus).
Results and discussion
Asclepias curassavica L. (Asclepiadaceae Borkh. / Apocynaceae Juss.)
General distribution and status. A. curassavica has a native range from Mexico to tropical America. It is recorded as introduced in 61 countries and widely naturalized in tropical Asia (India, Bhutan, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea, China, Taiwan, Thailand, etc.), Africa (Botswana, Egypt, Ghana, Lesotho, Namibia, RSA, Sudan, Swaziland, Zimbabwe), and Australia.
Voucher specimens. UAE, Fujairah emirate: Al Bidiya, Al Qalamoon Nursery, 0.3 km E of Eid Prayer Ground Bidyah, 25°25'24.70" N, 56°20'18.77" E, elevation 22 m: weed (running wild?) in and between plastic pots with cultivated plants, 15 V 2020, fl., fr., V. V. Byalt, M. V. Korshunov, № 2959 (LE, FSH).
A. curassavica is a pan-tropical weed, but currently the only species of the genus Asclepias L. in Arabia. We have found this plant in "Al Qalamoon nursery" in Al Bidiya village as a weed in and between plastic pots with cultivated plants (e. g. between Portulacaria afra Jacq.) (Fig.: 1).
A. curassavica differs from other closely related species by flowers with bright red corolla, orange or yellow corona with prominent tooth arising from the cavity and arching over the stylar head (the other species have white, yellow, green or brownish corolla with corona variously coloured, corona tooth missing or inconspicuous and included within the cavity of the lobe); it is an annual or short-lived perennial
from fibrous, non-tuberous rootstock (see Goyder, 2009).
Croton bonplandianus Baill. (Euphorbiaceae Juss.)
General distribution and status. The native range of the species is from southern Bolivia to Uruguay. It has widely naturalized in tropical Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Comoros, India, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Rodrigues, Réunion, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, etc.), Africa (Kenya), and Australia. C. bonplandianus is currently the only non-native, naturalized species of Croton L. in the Western Indian Ocean region. Oddly, it is known from Mayotte and the Mascarenes, but it has not yet been observed or collected in Madagascar (Berry et al., 2017).
Voucher specimens. UAE, Fujairah emirate: Al Dibba town, Al Shams Nursery, near Dibba Theatre (0.1 km E), 25°36'9.81" N, 56°16'41.30" E, elevation 6 m: weed or naturalized plant in wasteland in place of an abandoned garden (or plant nursery), at hothouse and fence of operating nursery, 28 IV 2020, fl., fr., By-alt, Korshunov, № 2467 (FSH, LE); ibidem, private nurseries, 0.2 km S of Al Amerey Nursery, 25°34'24.07" N, 56°14'6.39" E, elevation 48 m: weed in nursery, 7 V 2020, fl., iidem, № 2724 (LE); ibidem, plant nursery "Corniche Nursery", 0.4 km SW on road from roundabout between Corniche Street 101 and Sambraid Beach Road, 25°36'19.87" N, 56°17'0.48" E, elevation 3 m: weed in and between plastic pots with cultivated plants, 19 VI 2020, fl., iidem, № 3715 (LE; FSH); Al Bidiya, Abu Khalid agricultural nursery, 0.3 km S of Eid Prayer Ground Bidyah, 25°25'15.85" N, 56°20'27.64" E, elevation 18 m: weed in and between plastic pots with cultivated plants, 12 V 2020, fl., iidem, № 2902 (LE; FSH); ibidem, Al Qalamoon Nursery, 0.3 km E of Eid Prayer Ground Bidyah, 25°25'24.70" N, 56°20'18.77" E, elevation 22 m: weed in between irrigated lines, on sand, 19 V 2020, fl., iidem (LE; FSH).
We found this plant in Al Dibba and Al Bidiya as weed or naturalized in some plant nurseries, both abandoned and operating (Fig.: 2).
Currently, C. bonplandianus is the only species of the genus Croton in Arabia, but several species of a closely related genus Chrozophora A. Juss. occur there. The main difference between these two genera is free filaments incurved in bud in Croton vs. filaments fused into a column and erect in bud in Chrozophora (see Rad-cliffe-Smith, 1986).
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae Juss.)
General distribution and status. The native range of E. camaldulensis is restricted to
mainland Australia. It has widely naturalized in tropical and temperate Asia (Bangladesh, China, India, Israel, Laos, Pakistan, Taiwan, Turkey, etc.), Africa (Algeria, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, RSA, Swaziland, etc. — see Doran, Wongkaew, 2002; Forsyth et al., 2004; McDonald et al., 2009), and Americas (Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, Nicaragua, etc.).
Voucher specimens. UAE, Fujairah emirate: Al Fujairah city, lanes in the square near Al Hayl Tower, ca. 25°7'22.82" N, 56°21'23.00" E, elevation 3 m: weed (run wild) near house wall, in non-irrigated place (rather far from the mother plant), 9 V 2020, veg., By-alt, Korshunov, № 2776 (LE); ibidem: cultivated and escaped near fence in small yard, 9 V 2020, fr., veg., ii-dem, № 2764 (LE); Al Bidiya, near Green Cost Nursery Bidiya plant selling, 25°25'55.03" N, 56°20'20.99" E, elevation 14 m: run wild in wet place near wall, 11 V 2020, veg., iidem, № 2853 (LE); Al Dibba town, 0.2 km N of ADNOC Service Station, Al Muhallab (885), 25°35'45.41"N, 56°16'36.48" E, elevation 14 m: run wild on roadside, 26 V 2020, veg., iidem, № 3193 (LE, FSH); ibidem, wasteland on the abandoned villas land near the Dibba Port, 25°36'27.67" N, 56°17'50.50" E, elevation 3 m: run wild on sand-gravel wasteland, 16 VI 2020, fr., iidem, № 3644 (LE, FSH).
This tree is rarely cultivated in gardens and on the streets of settlements (Al Fujairah, Al Dibba, Al Bidiya, etc.). Several other species of Eucalyptus L'Hér. are cultivated in the UAE (e. g. E. alba), but only E. camaldu-lensis is currently self-seeding, escaping to settle in suitable places, and naturalizing (Fig.: 3).
Glinus oppositifolius (L.) A. DC. (Molluginaceae Bartl.)
General distribution and status. G. oppositifolius has its native range in tropical and subtropical Old World (Africa south of Sakhara), tropical Southern Asia (Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, etc.), and Australia.
Voucher specimens. UAE, Fujairah emirate: Al Bidiya, Desert Oasis Nursery Bidyah, 0.7 km W of Bidiyah Association for Culture and Folklore, 25°26'9.06" N, 56°20'17.72" E, elevation 14 m: weed in plastic pot and between pots in nursery, 4 VI 2020, fl., fr., Byalt, Korshunov, № 3446 (LE, FSH).
A rare weed in plant nurseries in Al Bidiya (Fig.: 4). We assume that it is introduced from time to time with planting material from India, where it is quite common.
G. oppositifolius differs from G. lotoides L., a closely related species naturally growing in UAE, by stems and leaves subglabrous or pilose with simple hairs (G. lotoi-des has stems and leaves densely tomentose with stel-
late hairs), 3 or 4 styles, 3- or 4-valved capsule; pedicels 5-14(18) mm long (G. lotoides has 5 styles, 5-valved capsule, and pedicel to 4 mm long) (see eFloras, 20082020).
Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. (Apiaceae Lindl.)
General distribution and status. H. verticillata is native in the Americas (from USA to Argentina and Chile), tropical and subtropical Africa (from Somalia and Angola to South Africa). It has naturalized in Europe, China and Australia.
Voucher specimens. UAE, Fujairah emirate: Al Dibba town, Green Oasis Nursery, 0.6 km SW of Street Number 35, or 0.8 km N from Federal Electricity and Water Authority, 25°36'5.21" N, 56°15'45.67" E, elevation 10 m: weed in and between pots, on irrigated plantation, on path sides, common, 3 V 2020, fl., veg., Byalt, Korshunov, № 2628 (LE, FSH).
We have found numerous individuals of this species in "Green Oasis Nursery" at Al Dibba town (Fig.: 5). We assume that it got into the plant nursery with planting material and then multiplied en masse.
Oxalis debilis Kunth subsp. corymbosa (DC.)
O. Bolos et Vigo (O. corymbosa DC.) (Oxalidaceae R. Br.)
General distribution and status. O. debilis subsp. corymbosa is native in Central America to Guyana, Argentina and Paraguay. It is widely naturalized in different countries (for example in Spain, Georgia, India et al.).
Voucher specimens. UAE, Fujairah emirate: Al Fujairah, wasteland near Fujairah Corniche Road, opposite the Fujairah International Marine Club, 25°7'22.82" N, 56°21'23.00" E, elevation 3 m: weed in irrigated landscaped islands on median strip between highway lanes, 9 V 2020, fl., Byalt, Korshunov, № 2798 (LE); Al Bidiya, Al Qalamoon Nursery, 0.3 km E of Eid Prayer Ground Bidyah, 25°25'24.70" N, 56°20'18.77" E, elevation 22 m: weed in plastic pots with cultivated plants, 15 V 2020, iidem, № 2941 (LE, FSH).
We have found this plant several times as a weed in Al Fujairah city and in Al Bidiya, as well as under palm Washingtonia filifera (Linden ex André) H. Wendl. ex de Bary in a park of motel near Aqa village (on beach of Oman Bay between Al Bidiya and Rul Dadna) (Fig.: 6).
O. debilis subsp. corymbosa clearly differs from other species of Oxalis L. found in the UAE (O. corniculata L. and others) by large pink flowers. From a very close species O. latifolia Kunth it differs by obcordate leaflets, hairy pedicel and longer filaments ca. 4.5 mm long vs. triangular leaflets, glabrous pedicel and longer filaments 3 mm long in O. latifolia (see eFloras, 2008-2020).
Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC.) General distribution and status. T. majus is native to South America (Peru). It is widely cultivated and occasionally naturalized in Europe (France, Greece, Spain, etc.), Asia (China, NE India, Korea peninsula, Vietnam, etc.), North and South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA, etc.), Africa (Algeria, Angola, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Morocco, etc.), and New Zealand.
Voucher specimens. UAE, Fujairah emirate: Al Dibba town, Al Shams Nursery, near Dibba Theatre (0.1 km E), 25°36'9.81" N, 56°16'41.30" E, elevation 6 m: weed and cultivated plant in the plant market and nursery, between pots and in waste places, 28 IV 2020, veg., fl., Byalt, Korshunov, № 2525 (LE, FSH).
Rare alien species in Arabia. Found only once in "Al Shams Plant Nursery" (Fig.: 7).
T. majus differs from another more or less widely cultivated species, T. peregrinum L., by unlobed nearly circular peltate leaves (vs. slightly pierced, palmately (3)5(7)-lobed subpeltate leaves in T. peregrinum) and from yellow to orange to red, flowers 2.5-6 cm in diam. (vs. bright pale yellow, 2-4 cm in diam. in T. peregri-num) (see Tzvelev, 2000).
Acknowledgments
The work was performed as part of institutional research project of the Komarov Botanical Institute № AAAA-A19-119031290052-1 "Vascular plants of Eurasia: taxonomy, flora, plant resources". The authors express their gratitude to H. E. Salem Al Zahmi (Director of H. H. Crown-Prince Office) and to Dr. Vladimir M. Korshunov (General Zoologist of Wadi Wurayah National Park and Reserve Department, Government of Fujairah) for their assistance in conducting field work and for long-term fruitful cooperation.
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