4УДК 661.631.412.262
Герайбейли Самира Аслан кызы Geraybeyli Samira Aslan qizi
Старший лаборант Senior laboratory assistant Азербайджанский государственный университет
нефти и промышленности Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
ОБЕЗВРЕЖИВАНИЕ ОТ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ ТВЕРДЫХ БЫТОВЫХ ОТХОДОВ С ДОБАВЛЕНИЕМ ГЕОТЕРМАЛЬНОЙ ВОДЫ
NEUTRALIZATION FROM MICROORGANISMS TO SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE WITH THE ADDITION OF GEOTHERMAL WATER
Аннотация: Поставленная задача решена предлагаемым способом получения органоминерального удобрения, в котором к измельченным твердым бытовым отходам добавляют геотермальные воды, содержащие 10-15% Н^, имеющие температуру 55-750С, смесь перемешивают с измельченным фонолитом, полученную смесь выдерживают в печи при температуре 100-П0°С в течении 1,5-2 часов, а затем полученную массу нейтрализуют ракушечником до рН равном 6,5-7,5. Новизна изобретения заключается в том, что в качестве источника питательных элементов используют твердые бытовые отходы, а в качестве дополнительного источника калия используют фонолит, являющийся доступным природным веществом, а устранение патогенной микрофлоры осуществляют геотермальными водами, содержащими сероводород.
Abstract: The problem is solved by the proposed method for obtaining organomineral fertilizer, in which geothermal water containing 10-15% H2S is added to the crushed solid household waste, having a temperature of 55-750C, the mixture is mixed with crushed phonolite, the resulting mixture is kept in an oven at a temperature of 100-110°C for 1.5-2 hours, and then the resulting mass is neutralized with shell rock to a pH of 6.5-7.5. The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that solid household waste is used as a source of nutrients, and phonolite, which is an available natural substance, is used as an additional source of potassium, and the elimination of pathogenic microflora is carried out by geothermal waters containing hydrogen sulfide.
Ключевые слова: твердые бытовые отходы, органоминеральные удобрения, фонолит, геотермальные воды, ракушечник, механоактивация.
Key words: solid household waste, organomineral fertilizers, phonolite, geothermal water, shell rock, mechanical activation.
When using household waste, it should be taken into account that they contain a large number of microorganisms, the bulk of which is a bacterial group, including mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria. Therefore, when using raw household waste for the preparation of fertilizers introduced into the soil, they should be neutralized.
Solid household waste is a source of Ntotai, P2O5 and K2O. The use of phonolite will increase the content of such an important element as potassium in the fertilizer, and treatment with geothermal waters having a temperature of 55-750C eliminates pathogenic microflora without spending additional energy [1, 2].
Solid household waste of the following composition, mass, is used as organic waste. %:
Paper and cardboard 20 - 30
Food waste 5 - 45
Tree
1 - 4
Metal
1,5 - 4,5
Textile
4 - 7
Dice
0,8 - 2,0
Glass
S - 10
Leather and rubber Stones
Polymer materials Other
1,5 - 5
4 - 7
other
1 - S
Solid household waste has the following chemical composition, % of dry weight: organic matter-55-73; Ntotai nitrogen - 0.7-1.7; P2O5 phosphorus - 0.5-0.7;
K2O potassium - 0.3-0.7; CaO calcium - 3.9-5.6; H2S sulphur - 0.2-0.3; carbon - 2834. Humidity, % of total weight 32-48; pH 6.5-7.5.
High - density polyethylene of high - density polyethylene of mass %: SiO2 -59,79; TiO2 - 0,85; Al2O3 - 16,98; Fe2O3 - 3.25; FeO - 2.76; MnO - 0.09; MgO -2.51; CaO - 1.69; Na2O - 1.93; K2O-9.6; P2O5-0.55.
The used geothermal waters of the Lerik region of Azerbaijan contain up to 2831% H2S.
To neutralize the resulting compost, the seashell of the Lerik district of Azerbaijan was used, having the following composition, mass %: CaO-51-97; MgO-1.33; CO2-38-48; A^-2.0; Fe2O3-0.3; K2O-1.2; N2O-0.5.
The method is carried out as follows:
Crushed household waste is placed in a container with a volume of 600-800 ml. Then, in order to neutralize microorganisms from solid household waste, geothermal water is added, coming out of the well with a temperature of 55-750C. After 10-15 minutes. the crushed phonolite is introduced into the mixture with stirring in an amount that provides the required content of trace elements. The resulting mass is kept in the oven at 100-110°C for 1.5-2.0 hours.
To the resulting mass, having a pH of 4.0-4.5, the crushed shell is gradually added, bringing the pH to 6.5-7.0. The resulting organomineral fertilizer is granulated according to a well-known method [3].
It is known that during the experiments, the amount of geothermal water was 15 ml. The amount of phonolite used was 1 gram. The results of the analysis are shown in the table and graph. The table shows that the solid household waste that we use always remains stable. The amount of geothermal water was 1-7 ml, and the amount of H2S, no matter how much there is in the geothermal water, will be 0 %.
Production of organic mineral fertilizers and meliorant based on solid waste; geothermal water contained in hydrogen sulfide in the presence of phonolite. At the same time, the dependence of the main indicators of fertilizers and meliorants on the
amount of solid household waste (SHW) was studied, as for geothermal water, H2S and phonolite will remain unchanged (i.e. const.) The result is shown in table 1 and figure 1.
Table 1. Study of the influence of the amount of solid waste on the main indicators of fertilizers and meliorants. The amount of solid waste - 100g, H2S-
0%, phonolite-1 g., the holding temperature - 1000C
№ Geothermal. water, ml Products of fertilizers and meliorant, mass. %
Ntotal. Р2О5 К2О Н2О MgO org. subst. CaO SiO2 Trace elements
1 1 0,21 0,20 2,3 11,2 1,63 34,5 16,3 16,4 10,0
2 2 0,24 0,23 2,6 11,2 1,62 34,3 17,5 16,5 10,0
3 3 0,31 0,25 3,44 11,3 1,59 34,1 17,5 16,5 10,0
4 4 0,42 0,35 4,63 11,4 1,62 34,1 17,5 16,5 10,0
5 5 0,51 0,40 5,5 11,3 1,6 34,6 17,33 16,5 10,4
6 6 0,51 0,41 6,1 11,2 1,6 34,7 17,34 16,7 10,4
7 7 0,52 0,41 6,1 11,3 1,7 34,7 17,34 16,7 10,4
Fig. 1. The effect of geothermal water on the composition of organo-mineral fertilizers in the presence of phonolite rock. The amount of H2S is 1%
With a decrease in the particle size, the rate of dissolution of phosphorite increases, which can significantly increase its agrochemical efficiency. Phosphorus-containing slags of metallurgical enterprises after fine grinding can also be quite effective phosphorus fertilizers [4].
In the technology of phosphorus fertilizers, the most promising technologies include thermal processing of unconventional "poor" phosphorite using industrial waste. The sulfate-soda mixture of alumina production [5], as well as the sodium-containing sludge of some petrochemical synthesis plants, could be used instead of the scarce soda ash in the production of thermophosphates.
It is currently prohibited to use water-soluble phosphates as fertilizers (because they lead to the esterification of reservoirs). The phosphates of industrial superphosphates, which are poorly soluble in water, are Ca(H2O4)2H2O (solubility-1.8 g/100 g of H2O) and CaHPO4 - "precipitate" (solubility-0.02 g/100 g of H2O).
The assimilable phosphates in thermophosphates are very diverse: calcium and magnesium salts (CaHPO4, CaHPO4-2H2O, MgHPO4, MgHPO4-2H2O); renanites [CaNaPO4, CaNa4(PO4)2, CaKPO4]; a-Ca3(PO4^, Ca^Oç, half of which are difficult-to-digest forms of phosphates (poorly soluble in citric acid).
Difficult-to-digest phosphates of fused magnesium phosphates do not allow them to be used as fertilizers, therefore they are used only as feed desulfurized phosphates [4].
Various acid-free methods of processing phosphate raw materials into phosphorus and complex fertilizers are presented in table 2.
Most of these processing methods (magnetic, chemical, etc.) currently remain poorly studied, there is also no data on their agrochemical and economic efficiency. For example, during the heat treatment of phosphorus-containing sludge, significant energy consumption is required, while the finished product contains only ~8% P2O5rec (P2O5gen). ~20%) [6, 7].
Table 2. Promising technologies for processing depleted phosphorites
Method Advantages Disadvantages
Mechanical activation - the use of << poor>> phosphorites; - simplicity of the technology -high energy consumption; - low Krec
Mechanochemical activation -- simplicity of the technology;-reduction of energy costs; -increase in the proportion of P205yrec - reduction of the total phosphorus content
Chemical activation - simplicity of the technology; - reduction of energy costs - the high cost of chemical additives
Use of brown coal - simplicity of the technology; - the use of << poor>> phosphorites --high energy consumption - low P2O5 P205rec
Heat treatment of sludge - the possibility of using cheap silt; - simplicity of the technology - the need for high temperatures; - low content
Heat-alkaline treatment - the use of << poor>> phosphorites; - simplicity of the technology - the need for high temperatures
The method of obtaining organomineral fertilizers from phosphates and brown coal by shifting them (~1:2 wt) does not require energy consumption, but the product can be called a fertilizer only conditionally (P2O5rec ~2%, P2O5). ~9%) [240].
The most promising methods can be considered activation and heat-alkaline treatment. At the same time, it should be immediately noted the main disadvantages of these methods: during mechanical activation, the proportion of assimilated phosphates remains relatively low, high energy consumption is required during heat treatment.
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2. Кононов А.В., Стерлин В.Н., Евдокимова Л.И. Основы технологии комплексных удобрений. М., "Химия", 1988, 307 с.
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5. Герайбейли С.А., Байрамов С.М., Севдимов Е.Д. Разработка технологии многокомпонентной конденсации на шлаке snoke от сжигания твердых бытовых отходов с добавлением доломита, фосфора гипсита и отходов H2SO4 // Moderm Science, 2019, №4 (3), С.166-171.
6. Герайбейли С.А. Разработка технологии повышения плодородия почв с использованием отработанных полезных ископаемых // Collogium, 2019, №10 (34). С. 67-69.
7. Пат. RU 2439098 С 2. Способ утилизации бурового раствора, 2.01.2012, бюл. 1.
