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ОБСУЖДЕНИЯ. ДИСКУССИИ
От редакции
В конце июня 2009 года в Киеве состоялся украинско-болгарский семинар на тему «Нетрадиционные ресурсы со дна Черного моря и возможности их использования как комплексного сырья», в работе которого приняли участие ученые Киева (ГНУ «Отделение морской геологии и осадочного рудообразования», Институт физиологии растений НАН Украины, Институт земледелия НАА Украины), Варны (Институт океанологии БАН) и Софии (Институт физиологии растений БАН).
На семинаре были обсуждены результаты исследований, выполняемых научными коллективами в рамках одноименного совместного украинско-болгарского проекта, и пути дальнейшего развития этого проекта.
Тезисы докладов, опубликованные в этом номере журнала, подготовлены по итогам обсуждения и освещают результаты опытов применения сапропелей для рекультивации почв и активизации роста и развития некоторых видов сельскохозяйственных культур.
Сапропели - специфический тип осадков, которые на голоценовом этапе развития Черного моря сплошным покровом легли на дно глубоководной впадины и отдельными «пятнами» локализовались на шельфе. Эти органо-мине-ральные осадочные образования (более ста лет известные под названием сапропелевых, кокколитовых и диатомовых илов) начали системно и целенаправленно изучаться в начале 90-х годов прошлого века. Они представляют собой потенциально перспективное сырье с широким диапазоном применения - в земледелии, медицине, фармакологии, строительстве, производстве керамики и т.п. Их комплексное изучение, одновременно проводимое учеными Украины и Болгарии, простимулировано актуальностью практических потребностей национальных экономик.
На сегодняшний день исследования в основном сосредоточены на: геологическом изучении глубоководных орга-но-минеральных осадков; определении возможных областей их применения; изучении горно-технических условий добычи и разработке технических средств для отбора крупномасштабных проб; оценке воздействия на морскую среду гео-лого-разведочных и эксплуатационных работ.
© N. Artinova1, N. Nikolov1, D. Dimitrov2, P. Dimitrov2, 2009
1Plovdiv Agriculture University, 2Varna Institute of Oceanology
Studying on the Influence of the Black Sea Sapropelles on the Quality and Content of Humus in Cinnamonic Pseudopodzolic Soil (Planosol)
During last years, agricultural specialists rise a question of soil humus content. Assimilation of uncultivated agriculture lands as rule leads to decreasing soil humus content in the tillablle horizon. It could be explained by disturbance of nature biological stuffs cycle, because of bringing out biomass by the crops, or by mechanical movement of plant covering-organogenesis horizon and humus-assimilating horizon with one, deeper lying, poor in humus. A similar phenomena processes in soils, where tillablle horizon don’t go out the borders of humus-assimilating horizon as in the case of cambisols. That’s why the most probably reason for humus decrease is the cultivation and related to it mineralization of organic matter. By such facts is clear that in parallels to using soils with weak accumulation of organic matter, is necessary to trouble about humus content stabilization.
The aim of present work was to establish the influence of substrates, containing sapropelles at the humus state in low-fertile soils as cinnamonic pseudopodzolic soils (CPS), (Planosol), in relation to support an optimal balance of organic stuff.
1. Chemical composition of sapropelles. To determine the macro- and microelements content in the sample of the used sapropelles, inductively coupled emission spectrometry (Jobni Yvon Emission - JY 38 S. France) was used. The quantitative measures were carried out with ICP.
Tables 1, 2 illustrate the content of macro and microelements in the used sample of sapropelles. The loss while heated at 1000o C is 19,97%, due to a content of organic matter.
2. As object of investigation was used CPS (Planosol), taken from the Zlatosel village area (Plovdiv region). Soil samples from a surface soil horizon and both undersurface layers of SFPS were incubated with sapropelles amount of 1,0 % and 2,0 % in form of water-mechanical suspension. The incubation was kept at room temperature with full soil water storage over a periods 1, 2
Table 1
Content of microelements
Sample oxides Сг (g/t) Mo (g/t) Zn (g/t) Mn (g/t) Pb (g/t) Cu (g/t) Ni (g/t)
Sapropelles 5Q.QQ 36.4Q 65.82 383.42 28.22 36.63 49.75
Table 2
Chemical composition of sapropelles
Sample Oxides SiO2 (%) Ti (% 3b FeO (%) MnO (%) MgO (%) CaO (%) ев --c (К 2 Loss (%), 1GGG°C
Sapropelles 39.76 G.7G 11.69 4.57 G.G4 2.68 15.46 2.13 1.83 19.97
ISSN 1999-7566. Геология и полезные ископаемые Мирового океана, 2009, №4
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Table 3
Content and fractional composition of humus after 45 days incubation of sapropelles in planosol
Deep of horizon (cm) Total Corg (%) % Core from Ct Insoluble residue (%) Cha/Cfa % С from Core of humic acids
Extracted with 0,ln H2S04 Extracted with Na2P207/NaOH Free and bound with R2O3 h.a Bound with Ca humic acids
Generally Humic acids Fulvo acids
0-10 0,70 0,059 8,33 0,34 48,39 0,176 20,77 0,195 27,65 0,364 51,60 0,75 83,08 16,95
10-28 0,28 0,105 37,10 0,148 52,20 0,053 18,62 0,095 33,92 0,135 47,79 0,56 100,00 0,00
28-40 0,18 0,086 48,00 0,096 53,46 0,039 21,76 0,057 31,70 0,083 46,54 0,68 13,59 86,41
Sapropel 1 4,031 - 0,6148 15,25 0,1261 3,13 0,4887 12,12 3,4162 84,75 0,26 0,00 100
Sapropel 2 3,98 - 0,5836 14,66 0,1223 3,07 0,4613 11,59 3,3964 85,34 0,26 0,00 100
Sapropel 3 3,92 - 0,5690 14,51 0,1187 3,03 0.4503 11,49 3,351 85,48 0,26 0,00 100
Notice: C - Total content of carbon, C - organic carbon, C, /C - correlation between C of humic acids and C of fulvo acids
T org ha fa
НИКОЛОВ H„ ДИМИТРОВ Д., АРТИНОВА H„ ШАБАН Н„ КРИСТОВА Д. и др.
ISSN 1999-7566. Геология и полезные ископаемые Мирового океана, 2009, №4
Table 4
Content and fraction composition of humus in cinnamonic pseudopodzolic soil, incubated with sapropel in 45 days duration
Content of sapro-pelles (%) Deep of horizon (cm) Total Corg in soil (%) % Corg from Ct % Corg from Ct H. acids extract, with 0,ln NaOH
Extracted with 0,ln H2S04 Extracted with 0,1M Na2P207 + 0,ln NaOH Non- hydrolized residue Cha/Cfa Free and bound with R2O3 Bound
Total С Humic acids Fulvo acids with Ca
0 - 10 0,905 0,075 8,29 0,295 32,6 0,108 11,93 0,187 20,66 0,61 67,4 0,108 100 -
1,0 10 - 28 0,312 0,057 18,27 0,235 75,32 0,0820 26,28 0,153 49,04 0,077 24,68 0,53 0,0821 100 -
28 - 40 0,218 0,104 47,71 0,15 68,81 0,064 29,36 0,086 39,45 0,068 31,19 0,74 0,038 59,37 40,63
0-10 0,905 0,075 8,29 0,28 30,94 0,086 9,50 0,194 21,44 0,625 69,06 0,44 0,0851 98,95 1,05
2,0 10 - 28 0,739 0,0818 11,07 0,23 31,12 0,076 10,28 0,154 20,84 0,509 68,88 0,49 0,0736 96,842 3,1587
28 - 40 0,307 0,0614 20,00 0,14 45,60 0,062 20,20 0,078 25,41 0,167 54,4 0,79 0,0194 31,29 68,71
Notice: The values of numerators of fractions are absolute % , and in undermarks - relative % .
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НЕТРАДИЦИОННЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ СО ДНА ЧЕРНОГО МОРЯ...
and 3 months. Manifest alterations in quality of soil humus were established in a month after incubation. The humus content was established by an express method of Cononova and Belchikova. Independently of express character of the mentioned method, some additional analyses were made after 45 days incubation. As test about humus state of samples were used data of humus indexes parameters (Orlov and Grishina), adopted according the diapason of values in Bulgarian soils (Artinova).
It was established that in a layer 0-10 cm, the content of organic carbon (Corg) increases 0,2% by both varieties of samples (1,0%, 2,0% sapropelles) and about 0,1-0,4% in deeper layers with the second variant, containing 2,0%. The humic acids content showed a tendency to decreasing with increasing insoluble humic residue. The part of humic acids, bound with calcium, decrease especially at the variety with 1,0% sapropelles. It prove the mobilizing action of Fe3+ and Al3+ in sapropelles composition on the humic acids of non-forming organic stuff and the opposite effect - fixation and immobilization of the organic components of non-hydrolized residue (humin) of Ca2+ & Mg2+. The experimental data are shown at tables 3, 4.
Acknowledgements. This work was done at the support of the National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science, (Bulgaria-Ukraine Project: No 02-35 “Non-traditional resources from Black sea bottom and their possibilities to use as complex raw material”).
©N. Nikolov1, N. Shaban2, 2009
1Plovdiv Agriculture University; ^Foresty-technical University, Sofia
Use of the Black Sea Sapropelles as Amendment by Growing Index of the Vegetable Crops Tomatoes, Paprika and Aubergine
The effect of introduction of the Black sea sapropelles was studied by production of seedlings of the vegetable crops tomatoes, paprika and aubergine. It was established their influence on the following growing indices: height and width of the central stem and number of leaves.
Chemical composition of sapropelles and content of microelements are shown in the article presented by N. Artinova, N. Nikolov, D. Dimitrov, P. Dimitrov.
The trials were settled 10 plants in variant, every of them in five replications. Air dry sapropelles, screened by sieve 1 mm amount of 0,2% - variant I, 0,4% - variant II and 0,6% - variant III, was added to a soil-manure mixture and regularly irrigated. Kind of the soil used was Vertisol. The correlation soil: manure was 1:1. After incubation period of a month, the plants of vegetable crops tomatoes paprika and aubergine were planted out in plastic plant pots with diameter 100 mm and an amount of the soil-manure mixture — 0,5 kg.
The analysis for the results of pH (H2O medium) values of the manure-soil mixtures was shown that pH increases to the neutral area, in dependence of
the incubation period and the content of sapropelles. This is the most expressed by the varieties with 0,6%. The change was significant after a month and after two months was insignificant (table 1).
It was established that sapropelles increase the water storage capacity (WSC) of samples, in borders 1,12% - 4,60%, in dependence of the content of sapropelles ( table 1).
The results of biometric analyses are summarized in tables 2-10.
Table 1
Water storage capacity and рН of the incubated with sapropelles manure-soil samples
м Variants pH (H2O) after time WSC (%)
one month two months
1 I 6,74 6,77 101,12
2 II 6,83 6,86 102,55
3 III 6,95 6,97 104,60
4 Control 6,1 6,05 100
Table 2
Height of the central stem at the tomato plants
м Varieties Median value 2S /Vn V.C. % to Control % to the median value
1 Control 18,2 1,68 10,38 100 91
2 I 19,0 4,02 23,73 104 95
3 II 22,2 2,03 10,27 122 111
4 III 20,3 3,47 19,16 112 102
5 X 19,92
Table 3
Width of the central stem at the tomato plants
м Varieties Median value 2S/4n V.C. % to the Control % to the median value
1 Control 0,44 0,01 11,36 100 96
2 I 0,46 0,01 10,56 105 100
3 II 0,46 0,01 10,86 105 100
4 III 0,48 0,03 8,33 109 104
5 X 0,46
Table 4
Number of leaves at the tomato plants
м Varieties Median value 2S / 4n V.C. % to the Control % to the median value
1 Control 5,4 0,48 10 100 87
2 I 5,6 0,48 9,64 104 90
3 II 7,6 0,48 7,10 141 123
4 III 6,2 0,39 7,09 115 100
5 X 6,2
Table 5
Height of the central stem at the paprika plants
№ Varieties Median value 2S /Vn V.C. % to the Control % to the median value
1 Control 16,3 4,67 24,78 100 119
2 I 15,8 6,90 37,78 97 116
3 II 11,0 2,08 16,36 67 80
4 III 11,6 2,40 17,83 71 85
5 X 0,28
Table 6
Width of the central stem at the paprika plants
№ Varieties Median value 2S/4n V.C. % to thye Control % to the median value
1 Control 0,3 0 0 100 107
2 I 0,3 0 0 100 107
3 II 0,26 0,067 22,30 87 93
4 III 0,26 0,067 22,30 87 93
5 X 0,28
Table 7
Number of leaves at the paprika plants
№ Varieties Median value 2S/y[n V.C. % to the Control % to the median value
1 Control 9,66 0,65 5,90 100 95
2 I 110,0 1,15 10,00 104 98
3 II 10,33 0,65 5,51 107 102
4 III 10,66 1,32 10,78 110 105
5 X 10,16
Table 8
Height of the central stem at the aubergine plants
№ Varieties Median value 2S/4n V.C. % to the Control % to the median value
1 Control 8,6 0,67 6,74 100 76
2 I 12,16 2,72 19,40 141 107
3 II 13,5 0,57 3,70 157 119
4 III 11,3 0,65 5,04 131 99
5 X 11,39
Table 9
Width of the central stem at the aubergine plants
м Varieties Median value 2S/%/n V.C. % to Control % to the median value
1 Control 0,40 0 0 100 93
2 I 0,46 0,067 12,60 115 107
3 II 0,43 0,06 13,25 108 100
4 III 0,43 0,06 13,25 108 100
б X 0,43
Table 10
Number of leaves at the aubergine plants
м Varieties Median value 2S/%/n V.C. % to Control % to the median value
1 Control 5,0 0 0 100 100
2 I 6,0 0 0 120 120
3 II 4,33 0,66 13,30 87 87
4 III 4,66 0,66 12,36 93 93
б X 4,99
Acknowledgements. This work was done at the support of the National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science, (Bulgaria - Ukraine Project: No 02 - 35 “Non-traditional resources from Black sea bottom and their possibilities to use as complex raw material”).
© N. Nikolov1, D. Dimitrov2, P. Dimitrov2 , 2009
1Plovdiv Agriculture University, 2Varna Institute of Oceanology
Use of The Black Sea Sapropelles for Improvement of Rooting and Growth of Kazanlika Oil-bearing Rose Clips
Oil bearing rose “Kazanlika” is the most important and essential oil crop in Bulgaria. For a pity the rose plantations decrease in the last decades, leading to decreasing of rose oil production. The main method for seedlings production is the rooting of rose clips in various substrates in glasshouse conditions. There are two technologies of seedlings production - Rooting of green clips by spraying in peat-perlite substrate and rooting of ripe clips without spraying. The first method is more effective but require more investments. By the second the percent of rooted clips is lower in comparison to the first method.
A study was made on the effect of the Black Sea sapropelles application at a stimulation the rooting and the median growth of the rooting clips of Kazanlika oil-bearing rose.
The experiment was carried out with two substrates enriched by sapropelles - variant I, represents perlite + 3,0% sapropelles and variant II -
peat - perlite substrate in correlation 1:1 + 3,0% sapropelles. For comparison was used two etalon substrates - balcanin-zeolite substrate and mineral mixture for tomatoes. The number of the examined clips at all variants was 80. After six months rooting the percent of rooted clips and their growth was established.
The data are summarised in table
Median growth and percent of rooted oil-bearing rose clips in nutrient substrate
enriched by sapropelles
Variants Number of clips Substrate Composition Median growth of rose clip, cm Rooted clips (%)
I 80 perlite + 3 mass.% sapropelles 6,04 90
II 80 peat:perlite 1:1 + 3 Mass.% sapropelles 21,76 95
Etalon I 80 Balcanin-zeolite substrate 10,75 80
Etalon II 80 Mineral mixture for tomatoes 18,18 85
The established stimulation effect on the rooting of the clips can be explained by the rich content of microelements and organic stuffs in the composition of sapropelles.
Chemical composition of sapropelles and content of microelements are shown in the article presented by N. Artinova, N. Nikolov, D. Dimitrov, P. Dimitrov.
The data analysis was shown that sapropelles stimulate the risogeneses of oil-bearing rose clips and can be applied by seedlings production of “Kazanlika” oil-bearing rose.
Acknowledgements. This work was done at the support of the National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science, (Bulgaria - Ukraine Project: No 02 - 35 “Non-traditional resources from Black sea bottom and their possibilities to use as complex raw material”).
© N. Nikolov1, N. Artinova1, D. Dimitrov2, P. Dimitrov2, 2009
1Plovdiv Agriculture University, 2Varna Institute of Oceanology
Use of The Black Sea Sapropelles for Neutralization of Soil Acidity and Increasing of Water storage Capacity of Soils
Chemical composition of sapropelles and content of microelements are shown in the article presented by N. Artinova, N. Nikolov, D. Dimitrov, P. Dimitrov.
1. Neutralization of acidity of cinnamonic pseudopodzolic soil (Planosol).
In banks were set 30 g samples of acid cinnamonic pseudopodzolic soil (Planosol), taken from three deep horizons in the Zlatosel village area (Plovdiv district), with pH 4,5 - 4,7. Samples were mixed with sapropelles 1,0 % and 2,0 %. After pouring on with 30 cm3 double distilling water, samples were left for incubation.
After incubation period of 45 days pH of the detached varieties in H2O and KCl medium were determined.
In parallels were established pH value in the control samples out of three horizons and in the sapropelles. It was established the humus content in all analyzing samples. The experimental data are shown at table 1. It was established the content of exchangeable ions in the samples. The results are shown at table 2.
Table 1
General chemical composition and physical-chemical properties of cinnamonic pseudopodzolic soil (Planosol), sapropelles and their mixtures
Horizon depth (cm) pH Humus content (%) CaCO3 (%)
in H2O medium in KCI solution
Control - CPS (planosol)
A1A2l(g) 0-10 4,50 3,90 1,21 -
A2l(g) 10- 28 4,50 4,00 0,48 -
A2l(g) 28-40 4,70 3,80 0,31 -
Sapropelles
Sapropelles 1 7,28 6,70 6,95 6,20
Sapropelles 2 7,25 6,95 6,86 6,22
Sapropelles 3 7,20 7,20 6,76 6,18
CPS (planosol) + 1,0 % sapropelles
A1A2l(g) 0-10 6,4 5,45 1,56 -
A2l(g) 10-28 6,9 6,55 0,54 -
A2l(g) 28-40 7,0 6,6 0,37 -
CPS (planosol) + 2,0 % sapropelles
A1A2l(g) 0-10 7,0 6,55 1,56 -
A2l(g) 10-28 7,2 6,80 1,27 -
A2l(g) 28-40 7,8 7,00 0,53 -
Table 2
Exchangable ions content in cinnamonic pseudopodzolic soil (Planosol) with sapropelles
after 45 days incubation
Content of sapropelles (%) № horizon depth (cm) Exchange ions (mgeq/100 g)
I(Ca2+, Mg2+) Ca2+ X(Al3+, H+) M +
1,0 1 0 - 10 5,77 4,367 0,05 0,90
2 10-28 6,13 2,964 0 3,16
3 28-40 3,87 3,849 0,07 0,02
2,0 4 0-10 6,84 2,655 0 4,18
5 10-28 7,19 5,973 0 1,22
6 28-40 5.31 3,894 0 1,42
Control CPS (Planosol) 7 0 - 10 31,3 25,0 98,2 6,3
8 10-28 36,8 17,5 109,3 19,3
9 28-40 37,5 15,6 96,2 21,9
The established pH change is related to the content of humus and exchange ions at the samples, containing sapropelles. The presence of organic carbon and exchange ions (Ca2+, Mg2+) at the sapropelles composition, improve the buffer ability of the investigated Planosol.
2. Establishing water storage capacity (WSC) of leached cinnamonic soil (Chromic Luvisol) with addition of sapropelles.
The WSC of the tested kind of soil was determined by standard method. In glasses with volume 250 cm3 were set 30 g samples of leached cinnamonic soil (Chromic Luvisol), from horizon depth 0-40 cm, with different content of sapropelles - 1,0% - 5,0%. Samples, including control sample, were poured on with 50 cm3 distilling water and left for 24 hours stay.
The data are shown at table. 3
Table 3
Water storage capacity of leached cinnamonic forest soil (SFS) (Chromic Luvisol) with a different amount of sapropelles
Horizon depth (cm) Sample № Variants SFS + sapropelles (%) WSC (%) in comparison to Control
1 1,0 103,4
2 2,0 112,1
0-40 3 3,0 117,3
4 5,0 124,4
5 Control 100
In fact sapropelles improve the soil structure, which determine more higher inner-aggregate porosity.
Acknowledgements. This work was done at the support of the National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science, (Bulgaria - Ukraine Project: No 02 - 35 “Non-traditional resources from Black sea bottom and their possibilities to use as complex raw material”).
© N. Nikolov1, D. Christova1, D. Cholakov1, D. Dimitrov2,
P. Dimitrov2, D. Solakov2, 2009
1Plovdiv Agriculture University, 2Varna Institute of Oceanology
Optimizing Nitric Nutrition by Tomatoes Cultivar “Rila” at Plastic House Conditions by Use of Modified Granules, Containing Polymers and Black Sea Sapropelles
The traditional methods of nitrogen nutrition in many cases lead to a number of unfavorable effects on the environment phenomena as increasing soil acidity and pollution of plant production with nitrates, especially by use of ammonium nitrate. A part of ammonium nitrogen can’t be assimilated because of evaporation by decomposition of the salt in soil. The presence of nitrates is a general problem for many European regions. In many built-up areas, the subsoil waters are contamined with nitrates.
The intensive nitrogen nutrition polluted the environment and don’t assimilate rationally by the plants, leading to decreased yield and worsen quality of plant production.
The aim of present work was to study the possibility of optimizing nitrogen nutrition by use of modified granules, containing sapropelles as amendment and covered with water swelling polymeric layer.
Chemical composition of sapropelles and content of microelements are shown in the article presented by N. Artinova, N. Nikolov, D. Dimitrov, P. Dimitrov.
Tomato seedlings were plant in two variants, I and II, by four replications (4 x 8 plants). As nitrogen fertilizer were used ammonium nitrate, introduced only ones by modified granules containing 44% ammonium nitrate, 30% Black sea sapropelles as amendment and 26% filler (kaolin). The granules were formed on a rotary plate granulator by spraying 0,5% water solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), if variant I and by 0,5% water solution of modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-M) if variant II.
The median data of tomatoes yield from the two year investigation are shown at table 1.
In table 2 is shown the content of vit. C.
Table 1
General standard and median yield of tomatoes cv.“Rila” at plastic house conditions
by optimized nitric nutrition
Variants Median data of harvestings at variants (2002-2003) (kg) General yield (kg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I 2.10 5,46 8,70 10,30 11,47 13,00 17,50 12,2 80,73
II 2,05 5,50 7,60 10,20 10,25 12,00 15,30 10,79 73,71
Control 0,800 1,500 2,300 5,800 4,600 7,500 11,200 5,600 70,2
Table 2
Content of vit.C in tomatoes, cv. “Rila”
Variants Number of plants Content of vitamin C mg/kg
I 32 18,99
II 32 19,39
Control 32 17,78
The established effect on the yield and content of vitamin C in the tomato fruits can be explained by the rich content of macro- and microelements and the organic stuffs in the composition of sapropelles.
Acknowledgements. This work was done at the support of the National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science, (Bulgaria - Ukraine Project: No 02 - 35 “Non-traditional resources from Black sea bottom and their possibilities to use as complex raw material”).
© N. Nikolov1, V. Angelova1, D. Dimitrov2, 2009
1Plovdiv Agriculture University, 2Varna Institute of Oceanology
Decreasing Pb, Zn and Cd Accumulation of “Triticalle” Crop from Soil by Use of the Black Sea Sapropelles
The presence of heavy metals in soils leads to a number of abnormal for the environment phenomena. From the soil they pass into the plants and polluted the plant production. Even in more higher concentrations they influent unfavorable on the physiological and biological processes in a plant organism -Kabata.
An important condition for producing pure agriculture production is to avoid or decrease the accumulation of heavy metals to the cultivated crop. It is known that the mobility of heavy metals depends on the soil pH. By the acid soils the number of mobile forms is more that the neutral or weak alkali soils.
The preliminary investigation have shown that the Black Sea sapropelles neutralize significantly the soil acidity and increases the yield at some vegetable crops - P. Dimitrov.
Chemical composition of sapropelles and content of microelements are shown in the article presented by N. Artinova, N. Nikolov, D. Dimitrov, P. Dimitrov.
Table 1
DTPA — Extractable and Total Content of Pb, Zn and Cd in the Soil
№ Element DTPA extractable Total content DTPA -extractable/ total content, % MPC*
1 Pb 106.8 217.7 49.3 80
2 Zn 145.0 621.8 23.3 340
3 Cd 3.4 7.6 44.7 2,5
Table 2
DTPA - Extractable and Total Content of Pb, Zn and Cd in the Soil
№ Plant parts Content of Pb, Zn, Cd samples by “Triticalle” culture (mg/kg)
Control soil +1% sapropelles decreasing to soil + 3% control, % sapropelles decreasing to control, % soil
content of Pb
1 roots 32,10 30,0 6,50 24,0 25,2 217.7
2 steams 1,90 1,80 5,30 1,30 31,58
3 leaves 7,80 6,90 11,50 4,30 44,88
content of Zn
4 roots 192,4 150,3 29,90 124,20 35,42 621.8
5 steams 69,5 49,1 29,36 23,10 58,78
6 leaves 131,5 69,5 47,15 24,90 81,10
content of Cd
7 roots 2,4 1,9 21,84 1,50 37,50 7.6
8 steams 1,5 0,3 80,0 0,06 96,00
9 leaves 3,2 0,1 96,87 0.00 100
The aim of present work is to established the lock ability of Black Sea sapropelles on the mobile forms of heavy metals Pb, Zn, Cd in alluvial-meadow soil (Calcaric Fluvisol).
The total content of Pb, Zn and Cd in soil is high and considerably exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations (Table 1).
The content of Pb, Zn and Cd in harvested culture “triticalle” in different parts - roots, stems and leaves, was determined by use of dry mineralization method.
The data are summarised in table 2.
The results obtained show that sapropelles in content 1,0% - 3,0% can successfully be used for decreasing Pb, Zn and Cd accumulation by “Triticalle” culture.
Acknowledgements. This work was done at the support of the National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science, (Bulgaria - Ukraine Project: No 02 - 35 “Non-traditional resources from Black sea bottom and their possibilities to use as complex raw material”).
