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АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО «НАУЧНАЯ АРТЕЛЬ»
УДК 528.913
Артыкмухаммедов Сеидназар Гурбанмухамедович Атаев Ресулберды Мяликгулыевич Какабаева Мяхри
Туркменский государственный архитектурно-строительный институт
Научный руководитель: Чарыева Саадат
г. Ашхабад, Туркменистан
НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СОСТАВЛЕНИЯ ИНЖЕНЕРНО-ТОПОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПЛАНОВ
Аннотация
Анализ процессов проектирования местности приводит к выводу о необходимости выбора различных масштабов при составлении инженерно-топографических планов в зависимости от выполняемых работ. Необходимо учитывать, что для выполнения изысканий важны такие характеристики топоплана, как ее точность, детальность и полнота изображаемой информации.
Ключевые слова
проектно-изыскательные работы, топоплан, масштаб, генерализация
Artykmukhammedov Seidnazar Gurbanmukhamedovich Atayev Resulberdy Myalikgulyevich Kakabayeva Myahri Supervisor: Charyeva Saadat
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
SOME ASPECTS OF PREPARING ENGINEERING TOPOGRAPHIC PLANS
Abstract
Analysis of the processes of terrain design leads to the conclusion about the necessity of choosing different scales when drawing up engineering and topographic plans depending on the work being performed. It is necessary to take into account that such characteristics of the topographic plan as its accuracy, detail and completeness of the information depicted are important for performing surveys.
Topographic plans of various scales are used in the process of designing and surveying the terrain. Thus, small-scale plans are used for the feasibility study of projects of transport and hydraulic structures. They allow to evaluate the features and degree of complexity of the project. Medium-scale plans are used for preliminary surveys and design of various structures. They allow to study the terrain in more detail and correctly prepare the corresponding project. Large-scale plans are used mainly for the development of projects of urban areas, industrial enterprises, tunnels and other production facilities [1].
They allow you to get the most accurate idea of the terrain and prepare a topographic base with a high degree of accuracy. For conducting surveys, the following characteristics of a topographic plan are important: accuracy, detail and completeness. The accuracy of a topographic plan is defined as the deviation of the position of the situation points from the points of the geodetic network. The accuracy of the relief display is characterized by the height error, which is the root-mean-square error of the heights of the points lying on the horizontal. Detail is a characteristic that determines the accuracy of displaying the contours of the terrain and relief on the plan. It is associated with how much detail the objects are presented on the map [2].
НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «CETERIS PARIBUS»
ISSN (p) 2411-717X / ISSN (e) 2712-9470
№9 / 2024
The degree of detail depends on the survey method. For example, plane table plans are more detailed than tacheometric plans, and photo plans are the most detailed. Saturation is one of the main factors determining the scale of surveying built-up areas. For example, when displaying a dense network of communications laid at different levels, the symbols will be read if the distance between them on the plan is at least 1 millimeter.
The mean square error is related to the average error under the normal distribution law by the ratio, which for plans is. That is, the mean square error is approximately equal to the average error. For engineering and topographic plans, an important characteristic is the error of the relative position. Thus, the maximum error of the relative position of nearby buildings and structures on a built-up area should not exceed 0.4 mm. If the position of clear contours should be displayed with an accuracy of 0.5 m, then a scale is required [3].
In the practice of design and survey work, plans are made in the following scales: - a plan of scale 1:10 000 with a relief section every 1-2 meters in flat terrain and every 5 meters in mountainous terrain for choosing the directions of main routes and the location of construction sites, drawing up situational plans for construction areas, determining the areas and volumes of reservoirs, preliminary design;
- a plan of scale 1:5 000 with a relief section height every 1 m on the plain and every 2 m in the mountainous terrain for drawing up reference general plans for cities and industrial plants, developing projects for engineering preparation of the territory and priority development, designing linear structures;
- a plan of scale 1:2000 with a relief section height of 1-0.5 m for the development of technical projects for industrial, hydraulic transport structures, projects for utility networks, preparation of general plans for settlements, projects for detailed planning and development of cities, plans for red lines;
- a plan of scale 1:1000 with a relief section height of 0.5 m for the preparation of working drawings on undeveloped or sparsely developed construction sites, development of detailed projects for underground utilities;
- a plan of scale 1:500 with a relief section height of 0.5 m (on a planned territory with small slopes every 0.25 m) for the preparation of working drawings of urban and industrial territories with capital development and a dense network of utilities.
Список использованной литературы:
1. Бугаевский Л. М. Математическая картография. М.: 1998.
2. Дышлюк С. С., Николаева О. Н., Ромашова Л. А. Формализация процесса создания тематических карт для широкого круга пользователей. 2015.
3. Чарыева С.Использование геоинформационных технологий при составлении цифровых топографических карт // Development of science, education and technologies: a mechanism for selecting and implementing priorities.2023
© Артыкмухаммедов С.Г., Атаев Р.М., Какабаева М., 2024
