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33NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Shakhrizoda Hamrakulova Kamola Akhrorova
Student of KarSU Educator in the kindergarten "Angelochka"
ABSTRACT
Sound management of environmental and natural resources is integral to a country's development, resilience, and self-reliance. USAID selected "biodiversity and habitat protections" as one of the primary Self-Reliance Metrics because a country's commitment to environmental protection and inclusive management of natural resources is key to advancing a host of broader development goals. Sustainable economic growth that incorporates the responsible use of natural resources and applies environmental safeguards proactively is critical for the Journey to Self-Reliance. Activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fisheries, mining, urbanization, and infrastructure development can have a significant impact on the environment and a country's future, which underlines the need for close integration of environmental and natural-resource management with economic growth and social change.
Keywords: natural resources, environment, urbanization, development, managment
Nature is a sacred place, the cradle of man, the cradle of the world that man has ever seen. The nature in which we live and breathe, the Earth that is part of it, is the common home of all human beings. Therefore, today, the main task for the people of the world is to use the blessings of Mother Nature sparingly, wisely and prudently. Of these, natural resources, environmental problems and the environment in which we live and breathe are the main ones. Because of the importance of the above for a healthy lifestyle.
Nature is a source of natural resources. Without natural resources, such as fuel, breathable air, drinking water, and various raw materials, man and society cannot survive, and industry, agriculture, and culture cannot flourish. Nature will never lose its paramount importance to us, both as the primary source of material blessings and as an inexhaustible source of health, happiness, interest in life, and the spiritual riches of each individual.
Natural resources are all the bounties that man can get from nature for his life and that he can get in the future. Atmospheric air, earth, water, sunlight, resources. Natural resources are divided into two groups according to their finite and infinite: finite and infinite resources.
Renewable resources include soil, animals and plants. If, for some reason, these resources are mistreated for a certain period of time, they weaken and decrease, and then, when properly treated, they can be restored quantitatively and qualitatively. Mineral resources are non-renewable resources, the use of which reduces the quantity and quality. Efficient use and protection of non-renewable natural resources should be as follows: taking into account the quantity and quality, comprehensively correct, economical, on-site use, their extraction, transportation, processing, use to prevent losses, to take measures to reduce waste, to find new deposits, especially to study the deeper layers of the earth, and finally to find new artificial sources to replace them, and so on. When non-renewable natural resources are used wisely, they can fully meet the needs of human society in the long run. Advances in science and technology can create new resources that can replace some minerals until they run out. Non-renewable resources include water, soil, flora and fauna. If renewable resources are used unplanned, savagely, they become irreversible. These include surface bombings, landfills, and more. The world is rich in forests and plants. The plant world is very important in nature. Trees and forests can be cut down and restored. This is why trees are said to be conditionally regenerated. Reforestation will take 20-30 years. In addition, water resources, which are considered to be the most important and necessary among natural resources, are becoming a global problem today. In some parts of the world, water levels can fluctuate and become polluted and unusable as a result of human activities. In practice, not only is ocean water depleted, but ocean water also loses its natural properties under the influence of oil and various wastes. The issue of clean water remains one of the most important issues from year to year. Contaminated water is unfit for drinking and can be dangerous even for living organisms. No matter how many and unlimited natural resources are, if they are not used wisely and economically, they will run out.
As a result of human activities, along with the development of the means of production, the ecological situation has become extremely tense. As a result, an ecological crisis has arisen. Pollution of air and drinking water by industrial wastes, soil erosion as a result of deforestation, depletion of wildlife, imbalances between natural phenomena, and a sharp decline in various raw materials are some of the manifestations of the ecological crisis. The ecological crisis is not only a crisis of production, but also a socio-political problem. Because the protection of nature is the basis for development and increasing the welfare of the people. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the Republic attaches great importance to the state management and control of nature protection. As ecology is an important part of human life, global cooperation in this area shows the need for joint efforts of all countries. This cooperation must be based on full equality, respect for the sovereignty of each country, conscientious fulfillment of
obligations and norms of international law. That is the challenge of the age in which we live.
Respect for nature, its protection is directly related to the maturity of the human mind. That is why today the formation of ecological consciousness and culture in people is of special importance. The role of the family in this is great. Kindergartens, schools, secondary special and higher educational institutions should also be active in cultivating ecological culture among our youth. It should not be forgotten that we can achieve such a rapid and serious change in this regard if the working communities and the media are constantly and consistently working to raise the environmental awareness and culture of the population.
Biodiversity resources: small island states have a unique biological diversity. The Caribbean hosts 2.3 percent of the world's known endemic vascular plant species and 2.9 percent of the world's endemic vertebrate species, while occupying only 0.15 percent of the earth's surface. The rich flora of the Caribbean region is estimated to comprise 7 000 endemic species (Day, 2009). However the recent spread of invasive alien species is regarded as a significant transboundary threat to the health of biodiversity and ecosystems. This has emerged as a major factor in species decline, extinction and loss of biodiversity goods and services in SIDS.
Forestry resources: Forests harbour the vast majority of terrestrial biodiversity in SIDS. This biodiversity is characterized by high levels of endemism and the only way to preserve these endemic species is to preserve the environment. Forests are not only important resources for flora and fauna biodiversity but also provide important environmental services (carbon storage, soil and water protection, tourism, etc.). Island forests provide significant livelihood opportunities for people in rural areas. As these resources are mostly concentrated on land with limited suitability for agriculture, forest based income is often the only income for persons living in or close to the forest. The high importance of forests for local people also comes from the availability of freshwater; on Caribbean islands, for example, most of the drinkable water is collected from surface water coming from forests. Coastal forests, including mangrove forests, play an important role in coastal protection from storm surges and high tides. Coastal forests including both endemic and exotic species, especially mangroves are seen as 'bioshields' (Feagin et al., 2010). In coastal zones, various non-wood forest products (NWFPs) are used for subsistence purposes and some are also sold commercially. Tree crops such as coconut, banana, pandanus and breadfruit are dietary staples in many SIDS
Freshwater resources: Apart from freshwater being in short supply, it is also being contaminated with salt water and waste water. Agricultural lands are undergoing significant salinity changes which are affecting agriculture productivity. Managing freshwater resources in SIDS implies facing several challenges including increased
population pressure, increased water demand due to urbanization and expanding tourism, increasing sectoral competition for water and land resources, increased climate variability and frequency of natural disasters and reduced water quality due to pollution from industrial, agricultural and municipal wastes among others. It is also very likely that sea water flooding will degrade fresh groundwater resources (IPCC 2014).
Marine resources: SIDS are responsible for a significant portion of the world's oceans but have limited means to manage their marine resources. Often fisheries are an important "last resource" for the poor and/or used in emergency situations. However, these resources are often fully exploited or overfished especially in coastal waters. Coastal areas are also badly damaged by inappropriate infrastructure development, poor waste water management and pollution. Coastal biodiversity is being reduced in many parts of SIDS. Climate change means that this will probably continue severely threatening livelihoods.
Natural Resource Management (NRM) refers to the sustainable utilization of major natural resources, such as land, water, air, minerals, forests, fisheries, and wild flora and fauna. Together, these resources provide the ecosystem services that provide better quality to human life. Natural resources provide fundamental life support, in the form of both consumptive and public-good services. Ecological processes maintain soil productivity, nutrient recycling, the cleansing of air and water, and climatic cycles.
Biological diversity (biodiversity) is the occurrence of different types of ecosystems, different species of organisms with the whole range of their variants and genes adapted to different climates, and environments along with their interactions and processes. Biodiversity encompasses the variety of all life on earth. India is one of the 17 mega-biodiversity countries of the world. Although India has only 2.5% of land area, it has a large pool and diverse pool of plants and microbes which accounts for 7.8% of recorded species in the world. Genetic diversity describes the variation in the number and type of genes as well as chromosomes present in different species. The magnitude of variation in genes of a species increases with increase in size and environmental parameters of the habitat. Species diversity describes the variety in the number and richness of the spices with in a region. Ecosystem diversity describes the assemblage and interaction of species living together and the physical environment in a given area. It is referred to as landscape diversity because it includes placement and size of various ecosystems.
All natural resource management actions in the CMPs are set aside in deference to land use for economic development. With extensive localized management, some native species may persist in park-like settings or in areas where land development is not possible. This scenario has substantial declines in natural resource conservation within the three CMPs. An increasing human population is supported in its use of land
for economic development over the conservation of native ecotypes. Areas that cannot support development become the only areas of free-living native species.
In conclusion, the main task before us is to manage natural resources, to treat the environment and the environment in a good way. we need to go and so on on a regular basis. Our main goal is to think long and hard about the blessings that nature has given us.
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