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Toshmatova Sh.R., candidate of biological sciences Kokand State Pedagogical Institute
NATURAL PESTS OF PLANT JUICES
Abstract. In this article, it is reported that there are more than 100 species of aphidophages, which reduce the quantitative density of plant sap in nature, and most of them belong to the class of insects - beetles, the family of button beetles, vizzillac. It has been reported that members of the family of flies, gallitsa (silver color), members of the family offlies, and aphids, are effective predators ofplant sap.
Key words: button beetles, gallitsa (silver color) flies, hard-winged -kandalas, chrysopes, golden eye, seven-spotted khan girl.
More than 100 species of aphidophage - predators and free-eaters, which reduce the quantitative density of plant sap in nature and belong to different systematic groups, have been registered in the territory of Uzbekistan. Most of them belong to the hard-winged beetles of the class of insects - 18 species belonging to the key beetle family of this category; 6 species from the family of buzzard flies of the double-winged (two-winged) family; gallitsa (silver color) from the family of flies - 2 species; 4 types of net winged birds from the chrysopa family; 2 types of semi-rigid wings - from the family of candals - are considered the most active predators. Apart from this, aphids are also effective predators of plant sap. A.N. Luzhetsky (1960) 21 species from the fauna of Uzbekistan from the Hymenoptera as carnivores of plant sap; A.G. Davlatshina (1970) included more than 30 subjects. But this is not complete information. Currently, the plant pests of some types of agricultural crops have been partially identified, but the information about the species composition of aphid parasites in local areas has not yet been summarized.
Below we provide partial information about active predators and free-eaters of plant sap:
Hard-winged beetles are a family of beetles. The family of Tukmache kongpz. Two-spotted Khan's girl beetle - Adalia bipunctata L. This beetle is M. persicae Sulz., A. gossypii Glov. It is considered one of the effective omnivorous predators of aphids. According to our laboratory observations, adult beetles and their larvae feed on 120-160 peaches and molasses in one day. It can lose 4-4.5 thousand sap during its life.
Seven-spotted ladybug - Coccinella septempunctata L. beetle. Both its larva and adult beetle are active omnivorous predators. This species is widespread in all cultural coenoses of the Ferghana Valley. In our observations, A. gossypii Glov, A. craccivora Koch., M. persicae Sulz. We found out that juices are his favorite food.
"Мировая наука" №12(81) 2023
science-j.com
It was estimated that this khan's daughter will feed on 4.5-5 thousand saps during her 3 months of life. Our observations in laboratory conditions revealed that a middle-aged larva can lose up to 180-200 peach (tobacco) juices in one day.
Dotted stsymnus - Scymnus rubromaculatus Gz (p). This button beetle differs from other button beetles in the agrobiocenosis of cotton and fruit orchards due to its high abundance and high quantitative density. Its larvae, covered with white waxy scales, are found in cotton aphobiocenoses in the valley - A. gossypii Glov, in clusters of 10-15 on the leaves of the middle tier in June and July; from the second half of May to the beginning of June, black walnut sap occupying the third part of the cotton - A. craccivora Koch. - up to 8-20 larvae were found in the juice of clusters. Both the mature and larval forms of the beetle are effective predators of psyllium, black clover, and peach sap. 25-30 of these beetles per day; and its larvae feed on aphid larvae and eat up to 15-20 pests.
Series of net wings. Chrysope family. Common golden eye - Chrysopa carnea Steph. This insect is found in all cultural coenoses. The mature forms of the common golden beetle feed on flower nectar - flower juices, and the larvae are omnivorous predators. Golden-eyed larvae can be found among the colonies of aphids and aphids from early spring to late autumn. In one night and day, a 3-year-old golden eye larva can feed on 130-180 pieces of honeydew.
A group of two (double) wings. Syrphida family. Representatives of 6 species from the Syrphida family are found in all agrobiocenoses of the valley. Their mature forms feed on flower nectar, while their larvae are active suckers of plant sap. Larvae of this fly can be found in cotton agrobiogeocenosis from June to October. Scaeva albomaculata Macg, Syrphus corollae F. are the most common species among them. Adult larvae of Syrphid can shed up to 35-50 aphids in one night and lose their larval and adult form.
Free-eaters of aphids. 21 (A. Nevsky, 1960) - 30 (A. T. Davleshina, 1970) of free-living species of aphids are known from the fauna of Uzbekistan. Among them, species belonging to the Rgaop and Lysiphlebus genera from the Aphidnid family are the most active free-eaters. Including - Praon volusre Hal. species kagga effectively palatates cotton sap, peach leaf sap, and black walnut sap in May-June. A pillow-like structure is formed under the saps that are covered with it, and the sap does not change its shape from the surface. The mummified juices turn brown and solidify.
Lysiphlebus fabarum March is a common aphid, which can be found in abundance in all cultural settings.
Aphids do not change shape when infected with this free-eater. In mummified sap, the cushions formed by free-eaters of the Praon generation are not formed in them.
Thus, it would be appropriate to use the natural populations of useful insects as biological agents to limit and control the quantitative density of cultural coenosis saplings in nature in the valley conditions. Because they can happily help us as natural agents in the field of plant protection.
"MnpoBaH HayKa" №12(81) 2023 science-j.com
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"Мировая наука" №12(81) 2023
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