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Vakhobov A.
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
Uzbekistan, Andijan
"MUROD" TECHNOLOGY POLUCHENOGO METHODOM
INDOOTBORA
Annotation. The article describes the results of scientific research on the introduction of a new modern seed-growing system and agrotechnical measures, one of the main factors in increasing the gross harvest of radish and increasing yields
Key words: agricultural technology, growing season, individual selection, sowing, mother plant, flowering, harvest.
Taking into account that the demand of the population of our country for medicinal plants is increasing day by day, increasing the variety of vegetable crops, enriching the market stall with various vegetable crops is one of the urgent tasks of today. Therefore, in our article, we conducted an experiment in order to test the newly created and introduced radish variety "Murod". The experiment was carried out in 2021-2023 at the scientific-experimental station of the Scientific-Research Institute of Vegetables, Potatoes and Potatoes and Andijan.
Considering that radish is cultivated as a repeated crop in the republic, this medicinal plant does not require a separate place. The cultivation technology is not so complicated. Radish is very useful for the human body and it contains mineral salts such as potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, sulfur, carbohydrates and phytoncides. Another valuable feature is its antiseptic properties. Radish increases the secretion of gastric juice, stimulates appetite, improves the functioning of the stomach.
Radish variety "Murod" was obtained by single selection of "Andijon-9" variety, (Raphanus sativus.), belongs to the cabbage family and is a two-year plant. In the first year of the growth of the "Murod" radish variety, a ball of hairy leaves and 200 g weight, elongated, green root fruits are produced. In the second year, it blooms with a flower, and the flowering lasts up to a month. 8-12 seeds are placed in small pods. The color of the seed is reddish-brown, the shape is round.
The root is an arrow root, and after the seed has germinated, the arrow roots are 25-30 cm long. penetrates to a depth of The color of the roots is white during the growth period. The thickened part of the root and stem is called rhizome. When the plant turns green and produces 1-2 leaves, the rhizome begins to form. Root consists of three parts: 1- head, 2- neck, 3- true root. In the formation of rhizomes, the upper part of the seed-bearing leaf (hypocotyl), the lower part of the seed-bearing leaf (epokotil) and the primary root are involved in the formation of the root.
The leaves emerge from the radish in a circular shape. The upper part of the rhizome and the outer part of the circle have leaves, and the inner part has young leaves. The leaves are like a compound leaf on a long stem. These leaves are hairy, segmented and have a blister-like structure in some places.
Flower bouquet - shingle. The flower has four corollas, bisexual, white, pink, pollinated by external insects, mainly bees, and easily hybridizes with wild radish.
"Murod" variety of seed radish ripens in 90-100 days after planting. The fruit consists of a soft, non-opening capsule or cylindrical pod. The seed is round-oval in shape, brown, and it is very difficult to distinguish it from the radish seed. Only the color of the radish is pale, and the color of the radish is more reddish. 1000 seeds weigh 9-14 grams, the germination rate is 85 percent in I class seeds, and they are stored for 4-5 years.
The Murad variety of radish is a cold-resistant plant, like other varieties, and the rhizome grows and forms in the average temperature of autumn. After the seed is planted, it germinates in 3-5 days at 4-5 °C. A favorable temperature for development is 15-22 C°. An increase in temperature has a negative effect on the formation of the rhizome, that is, it becomes hard, wrinkled and has a low level of preservation. Seed and root-fruit plants stored at low (from zero to 5-8 C) temperature produce buds and fruits in the second year of their life. Roots stored at high temperatures continue to grow in the second year, but do not flower and produce seeds. A mature plant produces small, woody, inedible tubers. At a high temperature, it ripens quickly, becomes lumpy, tastes bad, and the yield decreases. The optimum moisture content of the soil for radish should be 75-85 percent. The plant is very demanding on moisture. If there is a lack of moisture in the soil, the roots are hard, small and bitter; remains. Remaining high soil moisture also leads to poor quality of roots and diseases. When the air humidity drops below 60 percent, root growth slows down and the appearance of woody elements in the fruit increases. This condition makes the root fruit hard and has a negative effect on its taste.
The "Murod" variety of radish, like other varieties, requires the fertile and mechanical composition of the soil to be light and rich in humus. However; it accepts mineral fertilizers well, gives high yield in light soils with mechanical structure. The diametrical increase of the rhizome makes the soil denser by 10-15 percent. The soil is definitely soft, if it is well plowed, it will be compacted. For this reason, the depth for radish is 30-35 cm. it is advisable to choose plowed soils with not less than
The Murad variety of radish, like other varieties, is planted in the middle of July in the northern regions, in the central regions in the end of July, in the first decade of August, and in the south from August 10 to August 20, and the harvest is harvested in October and the first half of November before the onset of cold days.
It is recommended to plant from November 15 to December 10 in the
ninety-fifth period. Radish seeds are usually sown without freezing. It is sown in double ribbon, wide ribbon or wide spreading method. Since the radish root is large, the row spacing is 60 cm. It is planted in double-row ribbons 50+20/2 cm, multi-row ribbons, 20-30 cm between ribbons, 40-80 cm between rows. When planted in the indicated forms, 150-200 thousand seedlings are placed per hectare. The consumption of seeds is 5-6 kg per hectare. Planting depth is up to 2-3 centimeters. SKON-4.2 when planting radishes; SMM-4 and other branded seeders and mechanisms with various attachments are used.
Weeding in cultivation is extremely difficult and laborious work. Therefore, depending on the type and extent of weeds, "Stomp" herbicide is sprayed at the rate of 35 kg/ha. It inhibits weed germination for up to 40 days. Radishes are harvested 12-15 days after the sprouts are fully grown. After 2-4 weeks, when the roots and fruits begin to form, the lawns are fertilized a second time. 2-3 cm between the bushes in the first row. distance from
The Murad variety of radish, like other varieties, is given seed water every 3-4 days. After the lawns turn green, watering is carried out depending on the condition of the soil, until the sprouts are leveled. This ensures that the soil moisture is at the level of 60-75 percent relative to the field moisture capacity.
In the cultivation of vegetable crops, it is necessary to strictly adhere to feeding, that is, the use of mineral fertilizers, taking into account the soil fertility. Because, at present, the cultivation of ecologically pure products is the demand of the times. Taking into account the shortness of the growing period (vegetation) of vegetable crops, especially giving nitrogen fertilizers in excess of the norm is very harmful for the human body, as well as spoiling the quality of the product. Because the root system of vegetable crops is not well developed, it is necessary to pay more attention to local fertilizers. In this case, the consumption value of the plants will be at the level of demand, while preserving the valuable properties. The marketability of the product increases, an ecologically clean product is created. In our experience, we focused more on local fertilizers.
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