CC BY
9Turgunov J.R. assistant
department of medicinal and spicy plants Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology
Uzbekistan, Andijan
CUCUMBER CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINAL
PROPERTIES
Annotation: Cucumbers first appeared in the Himalayas more than 3 years ago. Cucumbers came to Russia from Byzantium. Its Russian name is derived from the Greek word for "uncooked, uncooked". And all because the taste of fresh young cucumbers is better than ripe.
Keywords: Cucumber leaf, fertilizer, care, cucumber flower.
Introduction. Cucumbers are said to have been cultivated 3,000 years ago. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of India and still grows naturally on the slopes of the Himalayas. It spread from India to Greece and Italy, and later to China. It was brought to other parts of Europe by the Romans. Cucumbers entered France in the 9th century, England in the 14th century, and North America in the mid-16th century. Cucumbers are believed to have entered Russia from East Asia in the 16th century (recollections of German Ambassador Herberstein's visits to Persia and Moscow), but some historians believe that cucumbers were also known in Russia in the 9th century.
The stems are earthy, the stems are simple, the stems are simple. When the plant has 4-5 leaves, it lies on the ground, spreads its stalks, or clings to the surrounding objects with its help. Stems branched, rounded, rounded or angular, covered with hairs. The main stem is formed from the leaf axils of the first and second order branches. Cucumbers are weak, moderately and strongly branched, depending on the navigation, feeding area and temperature. Depending on the type of branching, cucumber varieties are divided into single-stemmed, strong-(more than 8 side branches), medium- (up to 5-8 side branches) and weak- (1-4 side branches) branched stem varieties. The length of the stem depends on the variety and growing conditions: in the open field the main stem grows 1-1.5 meters, in favorable conditions up to 3 meters, in greenhouses up to 5 meters. The stems can be thin (less than 0.5 cm in diameter) and thick (more than 0.5 cm). Short-stemmed cucumber varieties are usually fast-ripening, the fruit is relatively short, characterized by a short growing season. Depending on the navigator, cucumbers are divided into weak, medium and strong leafy species.
The root system is sterile, strongly branched. It consists of a main root growing up to 1 meter and a large number of additional roots. Physiological functions, such as the absorption of nutrient solutions from the soil, are performed by small sucking roots covered with hairs. The main part of the root
system develops in a layer of 20-25 cm of soil, the root spreads to the side and the growth radius can be up to 1.5 meters. In high humidity, additional roots may form if the main and side branches touch the soil.
Most varieties of cucumber are bisexual, with male and female flowers on the same plant. Male flowers are usually 5-7 on the stem, forming a ball, and in single-stemmed cucumber varieties, the number of male flowers is often higher than that of female flowers. Female flowers are located on the stem 1 or in pairs, in some cases 3. Cucumber varieties that produce mainly female flowers are planted together with varieties that produce enough male flowers to pollinate. The petals are bright yellow, the male flowers have 5 pollen grains, 4 of which are in pairs and one is solitary.
Cucumber flowers do not live long: the male flowers die after 1-2 days, and the female flowers die after 3-4 days after flowering. Only pollinated female flowers bear fruit, and non-pollinated females shed. Cucumber is a pollinating plant. In parthenocarpic varieties, the flowers do not need pollination, but such flowers bear fruit but do not have seeds.
Cucumbers are fake berries that form 3-5 seed chambers. Shape, color, size and weight vary depending on the variety. Unripe cucumbers are eaten. Depending on the navigation, the surface can be flat, uneven or rough. Fruits are 5-70 cm long, can be green or dark green in color, and when ripe, the fruit is enlarged, pale yellow, orange or brown. When the fruits ripen biologically, they are called seeds. Up to 100-400 seeds are formed in one fruit. The seeds are elongated-oval, white to pale yellow, weighing 16-35 grams per 1000. Retains memory for 6-8 years. 2-3 year old seeds give good yields.
Cucumber cultivation technology
Seed selection. Cucumber seeds should be clean, high-yielding, disease-free, medium-sized, whole (unbroken), heavy, undamaged. The seeds are cleaned of seeds and mixtures of other plants. The seeds are soaked in warm water for 1-2 hours before sowing
Land preparation. Initially, the area will be thoroughly cleaned of past crop residues and weeds. 200 kg (2 tons per 10 sots) of rotten manure is applied on 1 hectare of land. Along with rotten manure, 75% of phosphorus and 75% of potassium are applied to 1 hectare of land. This corresponds to 1.6 kg of ammophos and 1.2 kg of potassium chloride. The soil is loosened to a depth of 20-25 cm by mixing with rotten manure and mineral fertilizers. When the large lumps are crushed, they are well leveled and the irrigation floor is removed.
Sowing time and scheme. Early cucumbers in the open in the southern regions on April 1-10, in the central regions on April 10-20, in the northern regions on April 20-30; In the medium term, cucumbers will be planted in the southern regions on April 20-May 5, in the central regions on May 1-10, in the north on May 1-15, in the south on July 10-20, in the central regions on June 1530, and in the northern regions on May 15-25. Seeds of 70 x 140 x 40 cm are sown under film cover on March 2-3 to grow tomorrow's crop. In the open field,
it is planted by hand at a depth of 4-5 cm in a scheme of 70 x 30.90 x 20 cm. Seed consumption is 50-60 g per 1 hectare (500-600 g per 10 hectare). After sowing, the seeds are mixed with hashish.
Care. After germination, the seedlings germinate for the first time after entering the leaf stage and the second time after entering the single leaf stage. Between the rows, with the help of hand, weed with a hoe at a depth of 15-16 cm, loosen around the plant, provide mineral nutrients and water. During the growing season, after every two or three waterings, the row spacing should be loosened to a depth of 15-16 cm.
Fertilize. Cucumbers in 1 hectare of land are fed with 5.8 kg of ammonium sulfate, 2.2 kg of ammophos, 1.5 kg of potassium chloride fertilizers. Cucumber is one of the most water-intensive vegetables. Cucumbers require a lot of water during the ripening and ripening period. During the growing season, early cucumbers are watered 14-15 times, evening cucumbers 10-11 times in deep soils, and 8-9 times in shallow areas.
References:
1. Хдсанов Б.А., Очилов Р.О., Гулмуродов Р.А. Сабзавот, картошка ва полиз экинларининг касалликлари ва уларга карши кураш чоралари. Тошкент: «Voris-Nashriyot», 2009, 244 б.
2. Babadoost M., Weinzieri R.A., Masiunas J.B. Identifying and managing cucurbit pests. Diseases, insects and weeds. University of Illinois Extension, USA, 2004, 49 pp.
3. Bernhardt E., J. Dodson, J. Watterson. Cucurbit diseases. A practical guide for seedsmen, growers & agricultural advisors. 1988, Petroseed Co., Inc. Breeders & Growers, California, USA, 48 pp.
4. Buriev H.Ch., Zuev V.I., Medzhitov S.M. Status, problems and development perspectives of potato, vegetable and melon production in Uzbekistan. Pages 117-128 in: Kalb T.J., Mavlyanova R.F. (eds.). 2005. Vegetable production in Central Asia: status and perspectives. Workshop Proceedings, 13-14 June 2003. Almaty, Kazakhstan. AVRDC publication no. 05-618. AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center. Shanhua, Taiwan. 151 pp.
5. International Potato Center, 1982. Major potato diseases, insects, and nematodes. Centro Internacional de la papa, Lima, Peru, 98 pp.
6. MacNab A.A., A.F. Sherf, J.K. Springer. Identifying diseases of vegetables. Published by the Penna. State Univ. College of Agric. University Park, 1983, Penna., 62 pp.
7. Watterson J.C. Tomato diseases. A practical guide for seedsmen, growers & agricultural advisors. Petroseed Co., Inc. Breeders & Growers, California, USA, 1985, 46 pp.
8. Yilmaz S., Firat A.F., Zengin S. et al. (15 authors in total). Good agricultural practices in protected tomato growing. Translated from Turkish. Reviewed by Dr. J. Banks. Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute. Antalya - Turkey, 2008, 111 pp.
