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and deeper localized lymph nodules. They have special epithelial tubules connecting them with the jejunum lumen. In rabbits at the early periods ofpostnatal ontogenesis the immune structures of the jejunum was presented by the diffuse localized lymphocytes in the
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proper mucous plate and nodule like accumulations surrounding by the significantly deeper crypts. The localization density of the intra-tissue lymphocytes was intensively increased until 20 days of postnatal ontogenesis and then the increasing temp was less.
Figure 1. The spreading density of intra-tissue lymphocytes in the composition of the structural components of the rabbits' jejunum wall in the different ages.
Note: Row 1 - in the composition of submucosal membrane; Row 2 - in the composition of villas; Row 3 - in the composition of crypts. 1 - Newborns; 2 - Rabbits at the age of 10 days; 3 - Rabbits at the age of 20 days; 4 - Rabbits at the age of 30 days. Figures in the columns are the indexes
of the growing percentage in the comparison of the previous age.
References:
1. Azizova F., Hasanov B., Tulemetov S., 2004. «Morphological and morphometric features of the immune system of jejunum in the experimental salmonellesis in the carly postnatal ontogenesis», Problems of Biology and Medicine [Problemi biology i medicini], in Russian, - Vol. 38, - P. 14-16.
2. Chava S., «Morphofunctional characteristics of lymphoid structures in the wall of the small intestine», Morphology [Morfologija], in Russian, - 2004. - Vol. 126, - P. 91-93.
3. Chava S., «Some aspects of morphology of the aggregated glands of mouse in the experiment», Morphology (Morfologija], in Russian, - 2006. - Vol. 129, - P. 134-36.
4. Chava S., «Immune structures of the small intestines during the injection of the immunomodulator polyoxidone in the organism», «Some aspects of morphology of the aggregated glands of mouse in the experiment», Morphology [Morfologija], in Russian, - 2008. -Vol. 133, - P. 148-50.
5. Ivanova E. «Morphological investigation of the group of lymph nodules in the rats ofvistar line with the different behavioral activities in die acute stress intervention», Morphology, - 2000. - Vol. 135, - No.3, - P. 55-58.
6. Novakovskaya S., Archakova L., Gunn V., «Morphological bases of die relationships of the nerve, immune and endocrine systems in the small intestine», Morphology [Morfologija], in Russian, - 2004. - Vol. 126, - P. 91-96.
7. Tuhtaev K., Azizova F., Hasanov B., «Toxic intervention and structural-functional features of aggregated glands», Problems of Biology and Medicine [Problemi biologii i medicini], in Russian, - 2004. - Yol.38, - P. 107-108.
8. Zavarin A., - 1985. «The basis of the comparable histology», [Osnovi sravniteljnoy gistologii], in Russian, Leningrad.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-1.2-100-102
Pulatov Oybek Abdumutalovich, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Researcher, the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Pediatric Dentistry
E-mail: dr.oybek@gmail.com
Morphology of neuroendocrineimmune system of jejunum in early postnatal ontogenesis
Abstract: In this study we compared research children's with developed educational preventative dental work prepared for use of fixed orthodontic appliances, aimed at improving the sanitary-hygienic knowledge of children, teachers and parents, to normalize the hygienic condition of the mouth and reduce the prevalence and the intensity of dental caries.
Morphology of neuroendocrineimmune system of jejunum in early postnatal ontogenesis
Keywords: Dental caries, fixed orthodontic appliances, index OHI-S, index «Kny» (k- carious teeth, n- dental filling material, y- extracted teeth), and index Fedorov-Volodkina.
Introduction
Over the last decade, there was a significant reduction in the prevalence of dental caries in children and adolescents [2; 3]. The reasons for this are varied, but the most significant are reduced consumption of sugars, improving the quality of care for oral and dental hygiene, the use of fluoride-containing toothpaste, improving the organization of dental services [8].
In domestic and foreign sources of information are widely considered the organization and evaluation of professional activities aimed at the prevention of dental diseases [1; 4].
The most important and the weakest link in the implementation of the prevention of major dental diseases is hygienic education of the population, dental educational work and training of oral hygiene [5; 6; 7].
Purpose of the study:
Basis for the use of the system of prevention of hard and soft oral tissues to caries in children as criteria for assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures for preparing to use of fixed orthodontic appliances.
Materials and methods
At the Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology and children's dentistry Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute developed educational preventative dental work prepared for use of fixed orthodontic appliances, aimed at improving the sanitary-hygienic knowledge of children, teachers and parents, to normalize the hygienic condition of the mouth and reduce the prevalence and the intensity of dental caries in children.
Educational preventive dental program has been implemented for 1 year based on the student clinics number 56. The program involved students in the groups aged 7-9 years.
To analyze the impact of preventive work the children were divided into 2 groups: Group 1-25 children 7-9 years old and group 2-30 children 10-12 years.
Furthermore, for comparative analysis and evaluation of the implementation of dental preventive work we performed dental examination of 20 children aged 7-9 years enrolled in educational institutions ofYunus-abad district, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, among whom any preventive measures and programs have not been conducted. For a comparative analysis, the children were divided into 2 groups: control group 1-10 children of 7-9 years, the control group 2-10 children of 10-12 years.
Results
Dental survey of children of age 7-9 prior to the implementation of dental preventive work has revealed the following. The prevalence of dental caries in surveyed children 10-12 years was 73.6%, while the index of the intensity of the "Kn» (k- carious teeth, n-dental filling material) 3.35 + 0.63. In the structure of the index, «Kn» noted the predominance of the component «K» — 2.67 + 0.56, the number of seal teeth time was 0.68 ± 0.15.
Analysis of the hygienic condition of the mouth of surveyed children showed a satisfactory level of hygiene, the average value of the index according to Fedorov-Volodkina was 1.83 ± 0.41.
In the group of 10-12 years children, the prevalence of dental caries reaches 81.32%, with the defeat of caries in permanent teeth in this age group was observed in 42.31% of children. The intensity of caries of temporary teeth on the index of «Kn» equal to 2.32 + 0.49, in the structure of the index number of carious teeth is 1.16 + 0.28, the number of temporary sealed teeth — 1.18
+ 0.25. The intensity of caries in permanent teeth among children 10-12 years of age was 0.9 + 0.196, noted the predominance of the component «K» in the structure of the index «Kny» — 0.53 0.12, a component of «n» is 0.42 +0, 09, the value of the component «y» trivial and 0.01 ± 0.002.
Analysis of the hygienic condition of the mouth of children of 10-12 years showed that the average value ofhygienic index OHI-S was 1.91, which corresponds to an unsatisfactory level of oral hygiene.
Primary dental examination of the control group showed the same level of hygienic condition of the oral cavity and the degree of caries of temporary and permanent teeth.
The survey found that the prevalence of dental caries in surveyed children of control group 1 (7-9 years) was 72.5%, while the index of the intensity ofthe «Kn» 3.05 ± 0.63. In the structure of the index, «Kn» noted the predominance of the component «K» — 2.32 + 0.57, the number of sealed temporary teeth was 0.73 ± 0.11. At the same time, there was no evidence of cases of permanent teeth caries in this age group.
Analysis of the hygienic condition of the mouth examined children in the control group 1 showed satisfactory level of hygiene, the average value of the index according to Fedorov — Volodkina was 1.78-0.43.
In the second control group of children (10-12 years) prevalence of dental caries reaches 82.5%, while decayed permanent teeth in this age group was observed in 42.5% of children. The intensity of caries of temporary teeth according to the index of «Kn» is equal to 2.55 + 0.63, in the structure of the index number of carious teeth was 1.26 0.31, the number of temporary sealed teeth — 1.29 + 0.29. The intensity of caries in permanent teeth in this group was 1.01 + 0.19, noted the predominance of the component «K» in the structure of the index «Kny» (k- carious teeth, n- dental filling material, y- extracted teeth) — 0.67 + 0.21, component «n» is 0.34 0.08, there was no ablated permanent tooth (component «y» is equal to 0).
Analysis of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity of the second control group of children (10-12 years) revealed that the average value of hygienic index OHI-S was 1.93 + 0.45, corresponding to unsatisfactory level of oral hygiene.
Repeated dental survey conducted in 1 year in children aged 7-9 years in the observed group was improvement in oral hygiene from fair to good level (the difference amounted to 21.86%), while the control group of the same age level of hygiene remained at a satisfactory level and even there was a slight increase in the index of Fedorov-Volodkina, reflecting the worsening of oral hygiene (the difference amounted to 1.69%).
In the group of 10-12 years, children who participated in the prevention program (group 2) noted the change in the index of Hygiene OHI-S from the poor to a satisfactory level (the difference amounted to 30.89%), in the control group of children of 10-12 years hygiene remains unsatisfactory despite a slight improvement (the difference amounted to 1.69%).
Discussion
When analyzing the changes in the intensity of caries of temporary and permanent teeth in children and control groups of children participating in the program of prevention after 1 year of observation it was found an increase in the studied parameters, but the degree of increase was different.
The data indicate the effectiveness of preventive dental work carried out among groups of children 1 and 2. The improvement of hygienic conditions: of group 1 children from fair to good level and children of groups 2 with unsatisfactory to a satisfactory level ofhygiene.
It should be noted that in children of groups 1 and 2 was not carried out routine oral hygiene in hospitals, changing the structure of the index "Kn» and «Kny» has been achieved by increasing the motivation of parents to preserve the health of the oral cavity and a systematic appeal to dentists.
The data indicates the effectiveness of preventive dental work among children aged 7-9 years and in the group 10-12 years.
Conclusions
As a result of the preventive dental work for preparation for use offixed orthodontic appliances in children of age 3-6 and 7-10 years had marked increasing of levels of sanitary-hygienic knowledge, improvement in the index of oral hygiene (at 21.86% and 30.89%) and changing the structure of the index "Kn» and «Kny» by increasing the number of sealed, and reducing the number of carious teeth (in the group 1 component «K» decreased by 36.70%, and «n» has increased by 198.53%, in the group 2 component «K» has decreased by 28.30% and the component «n» increased by 80.95%).
Conflict of interests
Authors have no conflict of interests.
References:
1. Interdisciplinary approach to traumatized permanent anterior teeth: case report and 10-year follow-up./F. Moura Lde, D.de Lima Mde, V. L. Leao et.al.//Gen. Dent. - 2010. - Vol. 58, - No. 1. - P. 68-71.
2. Interdisciplinary approach to traumatized permanent anterior teeth: case report and 10-year follow-up./F. Moura Lde, D.de Lima Mde, V. L. Leao et.al.//Gen. Dent. - 2010. - Vol. 58, - No. 1. - P. 68-71.
3. Cameron A., Widmer R. Handbook of pediatric dentistry. Mosby, - Australia, - 2008.
4. Duggal M. S. et al. Restorative Techniques in Paediatric Dentistry. Taylor & Francis e-Library, UK, - 2004.
5. Slootweg P. J. Dental pathology. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. - 2007.
6. Ralph E. McDonald, David R. Avery, Jeffrey A. Dean. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. Mosby. - USA, - 2004.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-1.2-102-104
Pulatova Rushaniya Zakhidovna, Senior Researcher of Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shamansurov Shaanvar Shamurodovich, Head of Department of the Institute of Postgraduate Education Pazylova Saida Abidovna, Chief Researcher of Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan Aripov Abdulla Negmatovich, Head of the department of clinical biochemistry the department of Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan Jalilova Shahzoda Abulovna, doctor of Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan E-mail: evovision@bk.ru
Performance level neuron protein in children with infectious-toxic nerve damage in sepsis in infants
Abstract: Detection of high levels of serum NRC septic patients early childhood is an indicator of the damaging effects on the nervous system, not only the existence of the prior USC, but also of the septic process. Keywords: Sepsis.
The problem of sepsis in children remains relevant because of ing to the Pediatrics Clinic RSSPMC MOH Uzbekistan mortality the high level preserves sculpt mortality (from 40 to 70%). Accord- rate from sepsis in recent years amounted to 30% [2; 3].
