CC BY
4
УДК 80/81
Ashrapov Bahodurjon Pulotovich
senior lecturer of the department of English language under the SEI "KhSU named after acad. B. Gafurov" Khujand-city, Tajikistan
MORPHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES AND THE LEVEL OF USAGE OF THE ARTICLE-Е WITH PLURAL NOUNS IN THE TAJIK LITERARY LANGUAGE REFERRING TO THE XVIII-TH CENTURY
Abstract
The article dwells on the issue concerned with morphological peculiarities and the level of usage of the article-e with plural nouns in the Tajik literary language referring to the XVIII-th century. It is noted that the relevant article is considered to be one of the most productive linguistic elements in the period under study.
Adducing the results of the analysis beset with the theme explored the author of the article comes to the conclusion that the relevant article is used with of plural nouns, some set of phrases in plural forms to express the shades of unity, approximation, separation, singular and plural ones properly.
Keywords:
Tajik literary language, article-e, linguistic element, singular and plural nouns, shade of meaning.
Ашрапов Баходурджон Пулотович,
старший преподаватель кафедры английского языка ГОУ «Худжандский государственный университет имени академика Б. Гафурова» г. Худжанд, Республика Таджикистан,
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И УРОВЕНЬ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ АРТИКЛЯ-Е С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ ВО МНОЖЕСТВЕННОМ МНОЖЕНИИ В ТАДЖИКСКОМ ЛИТЕРАТУРНОМ ЯЗЫКЕ,
ОТНОСЯЩЕМСЯ К XVIII ВЕКУ
Аннотация
В статье рассматривается вопрос о морфологических особенностях и уровне употребления артикля-e с существительными во множественном числе в таджикском литературном языке, относящемся к XVIII веку. Отмечается, что соответствующий артикль считается одним из наиболее продуктивных языковых элементов в исследуемый период.
Подводя итоги анализа, посвященного исследуемой теме, автор статьи приходит к выводу, что соответствующий артикль употребляется с существительными во множественном числе, некоторым набором словосочетаний во множественном числе для выражения оттенков единства, сближения, разделения, единственного и множественное число соответственно.
Ключевые слова:
таджикский литературный язык, артикль-е, языковой элемент, существительные единственного
и множественного числа, оттенок значения.
Introduction. It is common knowledge that one of the most basic peculiarities of noun is the category of definite and indefinite one in modern Tajik literary language (MTLL) morphologically. Namely, one of the main means of the expression of such kind of grammatical phenomenon is the article-e. The relevant
АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО «НАУЧНАЯ АРТЕЛЬ»
linguistic element denotes the following shade of meaning, such as unity, approximation, separation, definite and indefinite in both the period under consideration and in MTLL. "A common peculiarity of the article-e is that being distinguish a word of a number of co-component ones and clarifies its subject in the term of function and meaning" [2, p.94]. Into the bargain, in MTLL and in the language of the previous studied historico-literary productions done by the researchers: the indefinite article-e is expressed by the morphemes yak=one and yagon=any, some. However, in the language of the historical production entitled as "Tuhfat-ul-Khoni" by Muhammadvafoi Karminagi the relevant feature is expressed by -e and chand, hech and ba^ze. It is worth stating that yak, yagon were not by this feature anymore: Мучмали nafifOM он, ки арцманде бетаваххуму тахошй таваччух ба чониби кирёси шафцатасос намояд [5, 205/408].
The object of the corpus of our study is to canvass morphological peculiarities and the level of usage of the article-e with plural nouns in the Tajik literary language referring to the XVIII-th century [1; 2].
The subject of the corpus of our study is the historical productions belonging to the period explored referred to as "Tuhfat-ul-khoni" by Muhammadvafoi Karminagi (XVIIIc.).
The aim of the corpus of our study is to carry out the role and status of -e in terms of its meaning and to disclose both common and distinguished peculiarities of the relevant linguistic element.
The main part. The article under consideration is devoted to the issue concerned with morphological peculiarities and the level of usage of the article-e with plural nouns in the Tajik literary language referring to the XVIII-th century [1; 2]. In the course of our exploration it became clear that the article-e is resorted to in various positions and functions by the author of the historical production extensively. Hereby, a number of scholars in linguistic studies conducted a lot of researches to solve the problematic grammatical peculiarities of this unit in MTLL, namely they interfered with functions, features, meaning and position of -e rarely. The usage of the article-e with plural nouns in the language of "Tuhfat-ul-Khoni" is considered to be one of the most controversial issues and it is more productive than the previous works and modern Tajik literary language in its term. In modern Tajik literary language grammar [4] is stated in this regard: "morphological category of number affects the expression of uncertainty as well. The article^ usually comes with a singular nouns this sign occurs with plural nouns those ones possess the character of unity and separation: Гурух,е мерафтанд, гурух,е меомаданд (Ikromi)» [4, p.96]. Despite the use of -e with other grammatical features, such as the ancient works and modern Tajik literary language the mentioned linguistic item is frequently used in the research materials with plural forms of nouns and in different cases of linguistic phenomena, including:
a) It is worth stressing that in the complex sentences their subordinate clause is modifier, the article-e in this case comes with the auxiliary verb кардан as a predicative or as its nominal component denoting a definite sign. In the course of conducting analysis beset with the corpus of our study, we came across this syntactic peculiarity only once: ...далерони муборазататвори душмангусел цавшан^ое кард, ки дарзахои дод... [5,169/336].
It is clear that in the above-mentioned sentence the predicative кард does not agree with its subject, may be this mistake was made by the scripter.
b) The article-e is used in the plural form with inanimate noun, which its signifying character is turned out the subordinate sentence: ...аснофи пушиш^ое [5, 226/450].
c) The article-e is used with the plural nouns formed by the postposition-po shows its definite sign in the subordinate sentence: Эрдонабек худ аз майдони харб омада, муборизонеро, ки тахаввур намуда буданд... [5, 208/413].
d) Both -ei and -е2 are used simultaneously in the compound sentence of "Tuhfat-ul-khani", thus, -ei is resorted to with the plural noun semant¡cally...риштаи хонадоне сулаймоннишоне, ки нидои валвалаи азамату камолаш аз маркази хок... [5, 3/3].
e) In "Tuhfat-ul-Khoni" this unit is used with a plural noun denoting time and an Arabic plural noun before the word чанд aimed at indefinite expression: Бинобар ин царнх,ое адвори шах,риёрони завлицтидори туронй... [5, 231/459]; ...калимоте чанд аз Та€оймуродбий ба дарбори нусратмадор оварда... [5, 145/287]. According to W.Johns's statement one can assert that: «as well as, -е of мащул is used with the Arabic plural nouns formed by -от: (х,икоёте, ки мавцуф алайх,й мацсади аслй аст» [3, 27].
f) It is used after the demonstrative pronoun ончи -е with Arabic plural noun (taksir) to express definite sign: Ончи шароите ки дар муцаддимаи ислох,и зот-ул-байн аз эътимод... [5, 212/421].
It was turned out that not only Tajik and Arabic words, but also Turkish words plurified with suffix-^о possessed the article-e to express indefinite sign: ...умарои боэх,тишом фарохури иззату икром тукуз^ое (тух,фах,о - Б.А) пешкаш ... [5, 286/569].
g) The article-e is resorted to express indefinite shade of meaning (with the noun denoting space in the plural form):...байрак1-байрак1 дар мах,алх,ое муносиб царор гирифта... [5, 25/45].
h) In reference to it, this linguistic item is used in the following set of phrases construction, such as: яке аз, бисёре аз, басе аз, касире аз, фарде аз, ах,аде аз, кутре аз, зумрае аз, шуъбае аз, китъае аз. Commonly, -e comes before the plural nouns, double-plural form of nouns and Arabic plural nouns (broken form=taksir): ...бо зумрае аз чонсупорон ба рох,и дигар шабгиру илвор карда... [5, 38/71].
Conclusion. Adducing the results of the analysis in reference to the corpus of our study one can come to the conclusion that the article-e is used to express the following shades of meaning such as: unity, approximation, separation, definite and indefinite ones with a large considerable numbers of collective and plural nouns and in the composition of certain set of phrases, upon the whole. Список использованной литературы:
1. Ashrapov, B.P. The Level of Usage of Arabic Adverbs in the Tajik Literary Language Referring to the XVIII-th Century (on the example of the historical production entitled as "Tuhfat-ul-khoni" by Muhammadvafoi Karminagi) / B.P. Ashrapov // Вестник Педагогического университета. - 2022. - № 1(96). - С. 134-138.
2. Ashrapov, B.P. The level of usage of the suffix -он/^/^ in the Tajik literary language referring to the XIX-th century / B.P. Ashrapov // Оригинальные исследования. - 2022. - Vol. 12. - No 4. - P. 172-177.
3. Jones, William. A Grammar of the Persian Language / William Jones. The ninth edition. - London, 1828. -283 p.
4. Граматикаи забони адабии х,озираи точик - Душанбе: Дониш, 1985, - 356 с.
5. Мух,аммадвафои Карминагй. Тух,фат-ул-хонй. Муцаддима, тах,ияи матн, нусхабадал, таълицот ва фех,растх,ои Чамшед Чуразода ва Нурулло Fиёсов / И.У. Рахимов, Б.П. Ашрапов. - Хучанд: Ношир, 2018. - 390 с. + 586 с. ф. = 976 с.
© Ashrapov B.P., 2022
