CC BY
10IRSTI 76.03.49 UDC 591.8: 504
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF RAT HEART UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
Z. Yessimsiitova1, Zh. Bazarbayeva2, G. Yestemirova1, A. Turdybayeva1, Z. Beken3, P. Tleubekkyzy4
1Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 050040 Al-Farabi Ave., 71
2 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan 010008 Nur-Sultan city, Satbaev
st., 2
3 "KazNMU named after S. D. Asfendiyarov ", Kazvkhstan 480012, Almaty, Tole bi street, 88
4NcJSC -Astana Medical University!, Kazakhstan 010000, Nur-Sultan city, Beibitshilik st.,
49A
1Yessimsiitova Zura Berkutovna - Associate professor of Biodiversity and Bioresources Department, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Ave. al-Farabi 71, Index 050040\A15E3B4. 87013869214. [email protected]
2Bazarbayeva Zhannat Muslimovna- candidate of biological sciences, Associate professor of Department of General Biology and genomics, Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Nur-Sultan city, Omarova 60. Index 010000, phone number 87013358279
1Yestemirova Gulfira Abdukaiymovna - PhD Student of al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Ave. al-Farabi 71, Index 050040\A15E3B4.
1Turdybayeva Aizharkyn Galymzhanovna - Student of master degree of al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Ave. al-Farabi 71, Index 050040\A15E3B4.
3Beken Zaure Danabekkyzy - teacher of Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University. Ave. Tole bi 94. Index 050012\A35B8H9.
4Tleubekkyzy Perizat - master degree, Senior tutor of the department of Histology and cytology of NcJSC —Astana Medical University!, Nur-Sultan city, Beibitshilik 49A, Index010000, phone number: 87781168892
Purpose: to study morphological structure of rat heart under experimental conditions.
Methods. To prepare histological preparations after slaughter of rats, pieces of the heart were placed in 10% formalin. Sections were made on an MC-2 microtome with a thickness of 5-6 microns. After the preparation of the preparations, for further research, the obtained section was stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The final stage of the study was microscopy, which was carried out on a MicroOptix MX 300 microscope. The obtained photographs wereprocessed on a Pentium 4 computer.
Results. It was found that a composite of plant materials in doses of lower concentration is non-toxic 10.20 mg compared to 30, 60.100 mg. A composite of plant raw materials has targeted physiological and biochemical properties, increases the adaptive capabilities of the body under conditions of endo- and exogenous stresses to improve the body's resistance to unfavorable factors in everyday life and the environment in the form of relaxation.
Conclusion. Shows morphological features of changes in heart cells upon inhalation of aromatic substances under experimental conditions. It was revealed that the aromas of essential oils from plant materials increase blood oxygen saturation, increase the tone and resistance of peripheral vessels, contributing to the centralization of blood circulation. Keywords: plant composition, heart, destruction, intoxication, blood circulation.
МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СЕРДЦА КРЫС В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТА
З.Б. Есимсиитова1, Ж.М.Базарбаева2, Г.А.Естемирова1, А.Турдыбаева1, З.Бекен3, П.Тлеубеккызы4
1Казахский Национальный Университет имени аль-Фараби,
Республика Казахстан, Алматы, 050040 пр. аль-Фараби, 71
2 НАО «Евразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. Гумилева», Казахстан 010008 г. Нур-Султан, ул. Сатбаева, 2
3 КазНМУ им. С.Д. Асфендиярова, Казахстан, 480012, Алматы, улица Толе би, 88 4НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», Казахстан 010000, Нур-Султан, ул.
Бейбитшилик, 49А
1Есимсиитова Зура Беркутовна - доцент кафедры биоразнообразия и биоресурсов, Казахский национальный университет им. Аль-Фараби, пр. Аль-Фараби 71, индекс 050040 \ A15E3B4. 87013869214. [email protected]
2Базарбаева Жаннат Муслимовна - кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры общей биологии и геномики Евразийского национального университета имени Л. Гумилева, город Нур-Султан, Омарова 60. Индекс 010000,телефон 87013358279
1Естемирова Гульфира Абдукайымовна - аспирант Казахского национального университета имени аль-Фараби. Проспект аль-Фараби 71, индекс 050040 \ A15E3B4.
:Турдыбаева Айжаркын Галымжановна - студентка магистратуры Казахского национального университета имени аль-Фараби. Проспект аль-Фараби 71, индекс 050040 \ A15E3B4.
3Бекен Зауре Данабеккызы - преподаватель Казахского национального медицинского университета имени Асфендиярова. Пр. Толе би 94. Индекс 050012 \ A35B8H9.
4Тлеубеккызы Перизат - магистр, старший преподаватель кафедры гистологии и цитологии Н-ЧАО «Медицинский университет Астана», г. Нур-Султан, Бейбитшилик 49А, Индекс010000, телефон: 87781168892
Цель: исследовать морфологическое строение сердца крыс в эксперменте.
Методы. Для подготовки гистологических препаратов после забоя крыс кусочки сердца помещали в 10% формалин. Срезы изготовлялись на микротоме марки МС-2 толщиной 5-6 мкм. После изготовления препаратов, для дальнейшего исследования, полученный срез были окрашены гематоксилин -эозином. Заключительным этапом исследования было микроскопирование, которое проводилось на микроскопе MicroOptix МХ 300. Полученные фотографии обрабатывались на компьютере Pentium 4.
Результаты. Установлено, что композит из растительного сырья в дозах меньшей концентрации не токсичен 10,20 мг по сравнению с 30, 60,100 мг. Композит из растительного сырья обладает направленными физиолого-биохимическими свойствами, повышают адаптационные возможности организма в условиях эндо- и экзогенных стрессах для улучшения устойчивости организма к неблагоприятным факторам в быту и среде виде релаксации.
Заключение. Показаны морфологические особенности изменений клеток сердца при вдыхании ароматических веществ в условиях эксперимента. Выявлено, что ароматы эфирных масел из растительного сырья повышают насыщение крови кислородом, увеличивают тонус и резистентность периферических сосудов, способствуя централизации кровообращения.
Ключевые слова: растительный композит, сердце, деструкция, интоксикация, кровообращение.
ТЭЖ1РИБЕ ЖАГДАЙЫНДА ЕГЕУЦ¥ЙРЬЩТАР !®YPEriH
МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬДЫ ЗЕРТТЕУ
З.Б. Есимсиитова1, Ж.М. Базарбаева2, Г.А. Естем1рова1, А. Турдыбаева1, З. Бекен3, П. Тлеубеккызы4
1 эл-Фараби атындагы ^азак ¥лттык Университет^ ^азакстан Республикасы, Алматы К., 050040 эл-Фараби дацгылы, 71
2 Л.Н. Гумилев атындагы Еуразия ¥лттык Университет^ ^азакстан 010008 Нур-Султан К., Сатбаев кешеа.2
3 С.Д. Асфендияров атындагы «^аз¥МУ» Казахстан, 480012, Алматы, Теле би кешеа,
88
4 «Астана Медицина Университет» КеА^, ^азакстан Республикасы, Нур-Султан ;., Бейб^шшк кешеа, 49А
1Есимсиитова Зура Беркутовна - эл-Фараби атындагы Кдз¥У биоалуашурлшк жэне биоресурстар кафедрасыньщ доценл, эл-Фараби дацгылы, 71, индекс 050040 \ A15E3B4. 87013869214. [email protected]
2Базарбаева Жаннат Муслимовна - биология гылымдарыныц кандидаты, Л.Н. атындагы Еуразия улттык университетшщ жалпы биология жэне геномика кафедрасыныц доценп. Гумилев, Нур-Султан каласы, Омарова 60. Индекс 010000, телефон нэм1р1 87013358279
1Естемирова Гульфира Абдукайымовна - эл-Фараби атындагы Казак улттык университетшщ PhD докторанты. Дацгылы эл-Фараби 71, индекс 050040 \ A15E3B4.
:Турдыбаева Айжаркын Галымжанкызы - эл-Фараби атындагы Каз¥У магистратурасыныц студенп. Дацгылы эл-Фараби 71, индекс 050040 \ A15E3B4.
3Бекен Зэуре Данабеккызы - Асфендияров атындагы Казак улттык медициналык университетшщ окытушысы. Теле би дацгылы 94. Индекс 050012 \ A35B8H9.
4Тшеубеккызы Перизат - магистр дэрежеа, «Астана медицина университет» КеАК-ныц гистология жэне цитология бэл1м1н1ц ага окытушысы, Нур-Султан каласы, Бейбггшшк 49А, Индекс010000, телефон нем1р1: 87781168892
Максаты: егеукуйрыктар журепн тэж1рибе жагдайында морфологиялык курылысын зерттеу
Зерттеу эдктерь Егеукуйрыктарды сойганнан кешн гистологиялык препараттарды дайындау Yшiн журек бэл1ктер1 10% формалинге орналастырылды. Бэлiмдерi калыцдыгы 5-6 мкм болатын MC-2 микротомында жасалды. Препараттарды дайындаганнан кейiн, одан эрi зерттеу Yшiн алынган бэлiм гематоксилин-эозинмен боялган. Зерттеудiц соцгы кезецi MicroOptix MX 300 микроскопында жYргiзiлген микроскопия болды.Ал алынган фотосуреттер Pentium 4 компьютерiнде эцделдг
Нэтижесь Тэмен концентрациядагы эамдш материалдарыныц курамы 30, 60,100 мг-мен салыстырганда 10,20 мг улы емес екендш аныкталды. Эамдш шик1заттарыныц композициясы максатты физиологиялык жэне биохимиялык касиеттерге ие, организмнiц кYнделiктi эмiрдегi жэне коршаган ортадагы колайсыз факторларга карсы туруын релаксация тYрiнде жаксарту Yшiн эндо жэне экзогендiк стресстер жагдайында организмнщ бейiмделу кабiлетiн арттырады.
^орытынды. Тэжiрибелiк жагдайда хош иiстi заттарды ингаляциялау кезiнде жYрек жасушаларыныц эзгерутц морфологиялык ерекшелiктерi кэрсетшген. Эамдш материалдарынан алынган эфир майларыныц хош иiстерi канныц оттегiмен каныгуын жогарылататыны, кан айналымын орталыктандыруга ыкпал ететiн перифериялык тамырлардыц тонусы мен тэзiмдiлiгiн арттыратындыгы аныкталды.
Ткй1н сэздер: эсiмдi композит, журек, деструкция, интоксикация, канайналым.
Author for correspondence: Yessimsiitova Zura Berkutovna - Associate professor of Biodiversity and Bioresources Department, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty city, Kazakhstan. Adress: al-Farabi 71, Faculty of biology. 3 floor, 320. phone number: 87013869214 e-mail: [email protected]
Recieved: 16.03.2021
Accepted: 10.06.2021
Bibliographic reference: Morphofunctional studies of rat heart under experimental conditions/Z. Yessimsiitova, Zh. Bazarbayeva, G. Yestemirova et al. //Астана мединалык журналы. - 2021. - № 2 (108). - С. 127- 134.
Introduction
Essential oils perfectly complement medical procedures, acting on the body through the skin and respiratory system. Due to the slow heating of the water, the essential oil begins to evaporate and its molecules scatter around the room. Warm "airy" healing solution expands the blood vessels of the mucous membranes, improves their nutrition, softens them, eliminating dryness. At the same time, it has a positive effect on the neuro-reflex reactions of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Essential oils have demonstrated the presence of antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, disinfectant and antiseptic properties [6-10]. Aromatherapy is a form of medical therapy, based on the usage of essential oils obtained from various parts of plants. It has been proven that these oils have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiseptic effects. They are also anoxygen carrier at the cellular level [11-16]. Analysis of literature data indicates the possibility of alteration of the various human body characteristics under the influence of aromatic substances. At the same time, the physiological effects and mechanisms of the influence of odors on the morpho- functional state of organs have been little studied, and in the field of practical application of aromatherapy there is still no scientific justification for the use and choice of the specific type of aromatic substance, its concentration, duration and goals
of exposure, as well as the role of biological individual characteristics of a human in understanding of aromatherapy influence. In connection with the above, we studied the effect of a composition from plant raw materials on physiological and morphological changes in the body of rats under conditions of acute and toxic poisoning. Study is targeted to investigate the metabolic processes in the body of animals exposedto chronic and acute poisoning with a medicinal composition from plant raw materials in various doses with increasing concentration.
Purpose: to study morphological structure of rat heart under experimental conditions.
Materials and research methods
The experimental study was carried out in the laboratory of evolutionary and ecological morphology of Kazakh National University named after al-Farabi and included three months old 60 white outbred male rats, weights of which constituted 180-220 grams. The use of animals in the experiment was carried out in compliance with the rules, regulated by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the international recommendations of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for experiments for scientific or other purposes. During the experiment, all animals were kept in the same standard vivarium conditions. The experiment was carried out in one stage and experimental animals were divided into 6 groups of 10 rats each. Experimental animals were exposed to smoke of medicinal composition from plant raw materialsfor 5 minutes in a experimental chamber. Control group includes intact animals, who stayed daily in the chamber without exposition to smoke for 5 minutes. The duration of each experiment was 7 days for acute and 21 days for chronic smoke poisoning. A plastic chamber with a volume of 0.3m3 was used to simulate smoke. The smoke in the chamber was produced by burning the compositein the form of a powder in a special holding device. As the powder burned out, they were replaced instantly, thereby ensuring a constant flow of smoke into the seed chamber. An even distribution of smoke was ensured by a fan. During the experiment 5 animals were placed in the experimental chamber twice. Exposition to smoke lasted 5 minutes, which was produced by burning 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg,100 mg of a medicinal composite from plant materials. The investigation of metabolic processes in the body of rats was conducted on the base of chronic poisoning, using composition of two species of medicinal dandelion plants (lat. Taraxacum officinale), which has bactericidal, anti-inflammatory properties, and licorice root (lat. Glycyrrihizae radicis), which has a mild expectorant, emollient and enveloping effect on cardiovascular diseases in various doses with increasing concentration. The experimental rats underwent the procedure once a day. After the end of each 5-minute session, the animals were removed from the chamber and kept in the sanitary conditions of the vivarium. Decapitation of animals was carried out using anesthesia at a strictly fixed time - between 9 and 11 am. The objects of histological examination were the heart cells. The entire experiment was carried out in 7 and 21 days. On the 7th and 21st days of the experiment, the animals were decapitated under anesthesia. After slaughter of rats, the pieces of the heart were placed in 10% formalin to make the histological preparations. Sections were made on an MC-2 microtome with a thickness of 5-6 pm. The obtained section was stained with hematoxylin-eosin for
further research. The final stage of the study was microscopy, which was carried out on a MicroOptix MX 300 microscope. The obtained photographs were processed on a computer Pentium4.
Results of the research In a morphological study of the heart of rats, who belonged to the first control group and werenot exposed to smoke of a medicinal composite from plant materials for 21 days, such results are detected: the presence of a slight edema in the organ stroma, the nuclei of cardiomyocytes were clearly visible and had an elongated-oval shape, the transverse striation of muscle fibers was preserved (figure 1 ). In the area of the blood vessels, there was a slight proliferation of connective tissue and lymphocytic infiltration (figure 2)
Figure 1 - Cardiomyocytes of heart of rat. Hematoxylin - eosin staining. The magnification x 400.
Figure 2 - Vascular sclerosis and infiltration. Hematoxylin - eosin staining. The magnification x 200.
Morphological changes in the heart of rats, who constituted a second group of experimental objects and underwent exposition to the smoke of medicinal composition from plant materials at a dose of 10 mg for 21 days (chronic poisoning), are the following: the cardiomyocytes had an elongated shape, oval nuclei located at the periphery of the cells. The transverse striation is well expressed (figure 3). In the stroma of the organ a focal hemorrhage was noted, cell contacts were destroyed in some places. Blood filling was observed in the vessels, as well as stagnation of plasma. In the area of the blood vessels, there was a slight proliferation of connective tissue (figure 4).
Figure 3 - Elongated cardiomyocytes, with a pronounced cross striation. Hematoxylin - eosin staining. The magnification x 200. Figure 4 - Vascular filling, vascular sclerosis. Hematoxylin - eosin staining. The magnification x 200
As a result, in rats exposed to poisoning by plant composition at a dose of 10 mg, there were found such changes as: uneven plethora of blood vessels of the heart, partial fragmentation of cardiomyocytes and vascular sclerosis.
Morphological changes in the heart of rats of the third group with chronic smoke poisoning because of exposition to composition from plant materials at a dose of 20 mg for 21 days, have the following description: the cardiomyocytes had an elongated shape, oval nuclei located on the
periphery of the cells, the transverse striation is preserved. Focal dystrophy was observed in some places in cardiomyocytes. The muscle fibers were partially fragmented and cell necrobiosis was noted (Figure 5). It was revealed that focal dystrophy and necrobiosis of cardiomyocytes in theheart were found in the rats of the third group after application of 20 mg of the plant composition.
Morphological changes in the heart of rats of the fourth group with chronic smoke poisoning because of application of use of a plant composition at a dose of 30 mg for 21 days, have the following description: partial fragmentation of cardiomyocytes, uneven plethora of blood vessels, aswell as perivascular edema and sclerosis were revealed. The transverse striation of myofibrils is partially preserved (figure 6). The formation of thrombo-emboli was noted in large vessels.
Figure 5 - Fragmentation of muscle fibers. Figure 6 - Perivascular edema. Hematoxylin - eosin staining. Hematoxylin - eosin staining.
The magnification x 400. The magnification x 100.
In the heart of rats of the fifth group with acute smoke poisoning against the background of application of the medicinal composition from plant raw materials at a dose of 60 mg for 7 days, such morphological changes are observed: an uneven plethora of blood vessels, perivascular sclerosis. Cardiomyocytes are hypertrophied, had an elongated shape and their oval nuclei located along the periphery of the cells (figure 7). The transverse striation is partially preserved. Focal fragmentation of cardiomyocytes is noted. In the heart of rats an uneven plethora of blood vessels and perivascular sclerosis were found.
Figure 7 - Fragmentation and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. Hematoxylin - eosin staining. The magnification x 100.
Figure 8 - Stromal edema, fragmentation of muscle fibers. Hematoxylin - eosin staining. The magnification x 100.
Morphological changes in the heart of rats of the sixth group, who were exposed to acutepoisoning by the smoke of plant composition at a dose of 100 mg for 7 days, have the following description: perivascular weakly expressed neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltrate in some places were found, which accompanied by edema, vascular congestion and focal stromal edema. Cardiomyocyteshad an elongated shape, their oval nucleus were located at the periphery of the cells. Also, partial fragmentation of cardiomyocytes and focal fatty degeneration were established (figure 8). In some places of the heart a perivascular weakly expressed neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltrate was noted,
which was accompanied by edema, vascular congestion, and focal stromal edema.
Therefore, it can be concluded that all changes in the structure of organs that take place because of chronic poisoning with the introduction of the component in doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg were focal in nature. At doses of 60 and 100 mg, all organ changes were extensive. Evaluation ofthe effectiveness of a plant-based composition as an aromatherapy agent that can be used in the treatment is conducted.
The results of physiological studies indicate that in the control groups of animals psychological and emotional characteristics were expressed in the form of a clear organization and orientation of animals in the space, which indicated the normal functioning of the central nervous system. It was revealed that after exposure to acute and chronic poisoning through introduction of a medicinal composition made from plant materials into the body of rats at different doses, an increased level of anxiety is observed, since a deficit of inhibitory tone was found, which led to overexpression of the conditional passive avoidance' behavior when stress was reduced andstopped. The degree of the damaging effect of stress on the animal organism largely depends onhow the animal perceives the reactions of receiving inhalation of plant composition at different doses, there are possible breakdowns in mental adaptation, anxious behavior, accompanied by excitatory processes in the central nervous system. High anxiety is associated with increased fear responses and is manifested by hyperreactivity to environmental stimuli. Because of acute intoxication that take place under the influence of aromatic substances to the body of animals, changes of a different nature occur.
Conclusion
1. The chronic poisoning against the background of application of a medicinal composition from plant materials at a dose of 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg in the experiment does not cause any special destructive changes in the studied organs of rats. There is a slight partial plethora of blood vessels in the heart and partial fragmentation of cardiomyocytes.
2. Insignificant changes in the structure of the heart in rats, who were exposed to the chronic poisoning with the introduction of the component at doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg, were focal in nature. Whereas, in the case of acute poisoning with a composition of plant materials at doses of 60 and 100 mg all changes in the heart were extensive.
3. It has been established that the composition from plant materials at a lower concentration as 10 and 20 mg is not toxic compared to 30, 60 and 100 mg. A composition of plant raw materials has specific physiological and biochemical properties, increases the adaptive capabilities of the body under conditions of endo- and exogenous stresses by stimulating relaxation of organism and improves the resistance of the body to unfavorable factors in everyday life and the environment.
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